OBJECTIVETo evaluate that the effect of formula of removing both phlegm and blood stasis in improving cardiac function of Chinese mini-swine with coronary heart disease of phlegm-stasis cementation syndrome.

METHODTotally 36 Chinese mini-swine were randomly divided to six groups: the normal control group, the model group, the Danlou tablet group, and Tanyu Tonzhi Fang(TYTZ) groups with doses of 2. 0, 1. 0 and 0. 5 g kg-1, with six in each group. Except for the normal control group, all of other groups were fed with high-fat diet for 2 weeks. Interventional balloons are adopted to injure their left anterior descending artery endothelium. After the operation, they were fed with high-fat diet for 8 weeks to prepare the coronary heart disease model of phlegm-stasis cementation syndrome. After the operation, they were administered with drugs for 8 weeks. The changes in the myocardial ischemia were observed. The changes in the cardiac function and structure were detected by cardiac ultrasound and noninvasive hemodynamic method.

RESULTCompared with the normal control group, the model group showed significant increase in myocardial ischemia and SVR and obvious decrease in CO, SV and LCW in noninvasive hemodynamic parameters (P <0.05 or P <0.01). The ultrasonic cardiogram indicated notable decrease in IVSd, LVPWs, EF and FS, and remarkable increase in LVIDs (P<0. 05 orP<0.01). Compared with the model group, TYTZ could reduce the myocardial ischemia, strengthen cardiac function, and improve the abnormal cardiac structure and function induced by ischemia (P <0. 05 or P <0. 01).

CONCLUSIONTYTZ shows a significant effect in improving cardiac function of Chinese mini-swine with coronary heart disease of phlegm-stasis cementation syndrome. The clinical cardiac function detection method could be adopted to correctly evaluate the changes in the post-myocardial ischemia cardiac function, and narrow the gap between clinical application and basic experimental studies.

Animals ; Coronary Circulation ; Coronary Disease ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Heart ; physiopathology ; Hemodynamics ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Mucus ; metabolism ; Swine ; Swine, Miniature ; Ultrasonography

Objective: To establish a method for determining the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of Poly(Lactide-co-Glycolide Acid) (PLGA) using Size Exclusion Chromatography-Refractive Index-Multiangle Laser Light Scattering (SEC-RI-MALLS) and Size Exclusion Chromatography-Refractive Index (SEC-RID), and to compare the results obtained from these two methods.
Methods: For SEC-RI-MALLS, tetrahydrofuran was used as the mobile phase, Shodex GPC KF-803L was employed as the chromatographic column with a flow rate of 1 mL·min^-1, column temperature at 30 ℃, and an injection volume of 100 μL. For SEC-RID, tetrahydrofuran was also used as the mobile phase, Agilent PLgel 5 μm MIXD-D was used as the chromatographic column with a flow rate of 1 mL·min^-1, column temperature at 30 ℃, differential detector temperature at 35 ℃, and an injection volume of 20 μL. The molecular weight and molecular weight distribution were calculated using Agilent’s GPC software. The newly established methods were validated methodologically, and the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of 13 batches of samples were determined.
Results: The precision, accuracy, stability, and repeatability tests for SEC-RI-MALLS showed RSD values of 1.35%, 1.58%, 1.53%, and 1.26%, respectively. The SEC-RID method exhibited good linearity (r=0.999 9), with RSD values for precision, accuracy, stability, and repeatability tests (n=6) of 2.05%, 1.62%, 1.30%, and 2.97%, respectively. The results obtained from SEC-RI-MALLS were lower than those from SEC-RID, and the molecular weight distribution coefficient was smaller, but the results from the paired T-test performed with the value measured by SEC-RID method and the value measured by SEC-RI-MALLS method multiplied a conversion coefficient of 1.5 showed no significant difference between the two methods.
Conclusion: Both methods are stable and reliable, and can be used for the determination of PLGA molecular weight and molecular weight distribution based on the specific situations.

Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. Bark (EUE) is commonly used for the treatment of hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis, lumbago, and ischialgia as well as to promote longevity. In this study, we tested the effects of EUE aqueous extract in graded doses to protect and enhance cognition in scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairments in mice. EUE significantly improved the impairment of short-term or working memory induced by scopolamine in the Y-maze and significantly reversed learning and memory deficits in mice as measured by the passive avoidance and Morris water maze tests. One day after the last trial session of the Morris water maze test (probe trial session), EUE dramatically increased the latency time in the target quadrant in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, EUE significantly inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) activities in the hippocampus and frontal cortex in a dose-dependent manner. EUE also markedly increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and phosphorylation of cAMP element binding protein (CREB) in the hippocampus of scopolamine-induced mice. Based on these findings, we suggest that EUE may be useful for the treatment of cognitive deficits, and that the beneficial effects of EUE are mediated, in part, by cholinergic signaling enhancement and/or protection.
Acetylcholinesterase ; Alzheimer Disease ; Animals ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; Carrier Proteins ; Cognition ; Eucommiaceae* ; Hippocampus ; Hypertension ; Learning* ; Longevity ; Low Back Pain ; Maze Learning ; Memory Disorders* ; Memory* ; Memory, Short-Term ; Mice* ; Phosphorylation ; Scopolamine Hydrobromide

Objective To discuss experiences in reconstruction of severe tibial shaft fractures by using different flaps and external fixations.Methods The study involved 190 patients with type GustiloⅢB Ⅲ C (160 patients) and GustiloⅢC (30 patients) tibial shaft fractures treated from 1990 to 2007.There were 169 males and 21 females,at average age of 42.5 years.The injury causes included traffic accidents in 132 patients,machine accidents in 32 and stone smashing in 26.The management procedure consisted of administration of antibiotics,serial debridement and different flap grafting (including free thoracoumbilical flaps in 20 patients,sural neurocutaneous vascular flaps in 108,saphenous neurocutane ous vascular flaps in 12,superficial peroneal neurocutaneous flap in two,fasciocutaneous flaps in 26 and gastrocnemius muscular flaps in 22) and different external fixators (half-ring fixators in 84 patients,unilateral axial dynamic fixators in 12,AO fixators in 10,Weifang fixators in 42 and hybrid fixators in 40).The average follow-up was 7.3 years.Results All flaps survived.Of all,186 patients obtained fracture healing,with mean fracture healing time varying in different patients treated with different external fixators:7.5 months for 84 patients treated with half-ring fixators,11.2 months for eight with unilateral axial dynamic fixators,8.5 months for 12 with AO fixators ,8.1 months for 42 with Weifang fixators and 7.8 months for 40 with assembly fixators.Except for half-ring fixation,the other fixators needed necessary bone graft.Four patients treated with unilateral axial dynamic fixators resulted in nonunion due to osteo myelitis.The latest follow up showed that the function of the ankle and knee was normal,with no pain.Conclusion Combination of half-ring external fixators with various flaps provides good method for treatment of Gustilo ⅢB and ⅢC tibial shaft fractures.

Objective To evaluate the clinical safety and efficacy of percutaneous interventional therapy in pediatric patients with secundum atrial septal defect(ASD).Methods Clinical data of 40 patients(age≤2 years)with secundum atrial septal defect treated in our hospital from February 2014 to December 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. There were 13 males and 27 females in these patients.Ultrasound of heart showed that there were 37 patients with single ASD,3 patients with multiple ASDs.One associated with pulmonary stenosis(PS),and 1 associated with patent ductus arteriosus.There were 6 patients with pulmonary hypertension, and the diameter of ASD was (10.6 ± 2.0) mm. All patients were proved to have secundum atrial septal defect before intervention.In the intervention,the transport system was delivered along the femoral vein,inferior vena cava and right atrium through atrial septal defect to the left atrium,and the occluder was released there. Results Of the 40 patients, 38 cases were successfully implanted, and the other two patients were not satisfied with the location of occlusion.The diameter of the ASD occluder was(12.0±2.1)mm and the transport sheath 7-9 F.Plug2 occluder was implanted in the patient with patent ductus arteriosus.To the patient with PS,pulmonary valve balloon angioplasty was performed,and then the pressure gradient reduced obviously, after that ASD occlusion was performed. The total follow up period was from 2 months to 3 years.No residual shunt and unsatisfactory device position were found during the follow up period.The pulmonary pressure reduced to normal,and the right atrium and right ventricle were smaller in a different degree. All patients had no arrhythmia and other complications.Conclusion Transcatheter closure of ASD is safe,reliable,and has fewer complications.It is worthy of popularization and application.Appropriate occluder should be selected according to the size and edge of ASD to reduce complications,such as residual shunt and valve injury.

Based on the technology of platelet proteomics, the key regulatory proteins and pathogenesis of coronary heart disease with phlegm and blood stasis syndrome were explored and analyzed. Based on the previous laboratory research, the model of coronary heart disease in mini-swine with phlegm-stasis cementation syndrome was duplicated. The model was judged by the changes in blood lipid and myocardial tissue characteristics. Furthermore, the platelet proteins were studied by quantitative proteomics, and the differentially expressed proteins were screened. The critical regulatory proteins and biological pathways of coronary heart disease with phlegm-stasis cementation syndrome were analyzed by bioinformatics. After ten weeks of modeling, the levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL-C), triglyceride (TG), creatine kinase (CK) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) in the model group were significantly increased, reflecting the pathological changes such as increased blood lipid, abnormal coagulation function and myocardial ischemia in the model group. In addition, compared with the sham group, there were 26 up-regulated proteins and 8 down-regulated proteins in the platelets of the model group. Combined with bioinformatics analysis, it was found that differential proteins mainly involved in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pyruvate metabolism, lipid and atherosclerosis, Ras protein signal transduction. Among them, lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB), alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (ADH5), neuroblastoma ratsarcoma viral oncogene homolog (NRAS) and Kirsten ratsarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) play a central role when interacting with other proteins and simultaneously participate in multiple action pathways. The results showed that LDHB, ADH5, NRAS, and KRAS may be the marker proteins in CHD with phlegm-stasis cementation syndrome by regulating glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pyruvate metabolism, lipid and atherosclerosis, Ras protein signal transduction and other biological processes.

Purpose: Polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAHG), which had been used widely for breast augmentation, has been banned for more than 15 years. Patients who had been injected PAHG for breast augmentation need evacuation surgery to remove as much as possible. To provide a series of diagnosis and treatment process MRI and intraoperative color Doppler ultrasound are combined for maximal removal of PAHG. Methods: The patients who received evacuation surgery in Peking University Third Hospital from 2010 to 2022 after PAHG injection for breast augmentation were included in this research. MR scanning was performed preoperatively and postoperatively in some of these patients and color Doppler ultrasound was applied to help evacuate PAHG intraoperatively. The mean clearance rate of PAHG was calculated according to the MRI outcomes. Results: Two hundred and 4 patients had received evacuation surgery after PAHG injection for breast augmentation with an average age of 42.8 years and an average body mass index of 21.2 kg/m 2 . The average PAHG retention time was 13.5 years. Among them, 52 patients underwent pre- and postoperative MRI scanning. The mean three-dimensional (3D) volume of PAHG was 684.8 mL (range, 350.0–1,123.9 mL), and the average residual 3D volume of PAHG was 53.7 mL (range, 12.4–98.3 mL). The mean clearance rate was 92.1%. Conclusion MRI and intraoperative color Doppler ultrasound can provide effective and precise location information of PAHG for evacuation surgery, which is a reliable method to ensure the maximal removal of PAHG.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of mouse nerve growth factor injection combined with alprostadil injection in the treatment of sudden deafness.Methods A total of 96 patients with sudden deafness were divided into control and treatment groups with 48 cases per group.Control group was treated with alprostadil injection 10 μg per time,qd,intravenous injection.Treatment group was treated with mouse nerve growth factor injection 18 μg per time,qd,intramuscular injection,on the basis of control group.Two groups were treated for 10 d.The clinical efficacy,serum vascular cell adhesion factor 1 (sVCAM-1),vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin),high mobility group protein-1 (HMGB1) and adverse drug reactions were compared between two groups.Results After treatment,the total effective rates of treatment and control groups were 93.75％ (45 cases/48 cases) and 75.00％ (36 cases /48 cases) with significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).After treatment,the main indexes in treatment and control groups were compared:sVCAM-1 were (199.20 ±21.50) and (242.99 ± 21.97) ng · mL-1,VE-cadherin were (2.76 ±0.37) and (3.71 ±0.45) mg · L-1,HMGB1 were (1.78 ±0.25) and (2.55 ±0.31) mg · L-1,the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).The adverse drug reactions in treatment group were injection site pain,which in control group were headache and dizziness.The total incidences of adverse drug reactions in treatment and control groups were 6.25％ and 10.42％ without significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Mouse nerve growth factor combined with alprostadil injection has a definitive clinical efficacy in the treatment of sudden deafness,which can effectively reduce the expression of serum sVCAM-1,VE-cadherin and HMGB1,without increasing the incidence of adverse drug reactions.

Objective To explore the clinical application value of low contrast medium dosage combined with segmented injection in head and neck computed tomography angiography(CTA).Methods A total of 139 patients who underwent head and neck CTA examination were prospectively and continuously selected.All patients were divided into the two groups,including group A with the original protocol and group B with the new protocol.The differences of arterial hemodynamic parameters between the two groups were compared.Results It was observed that statistically significant differences in CT values at the level of the aortic arch,the middle of the common carotid artery,and the cervical segment of the internal carotid artery between group A and group B(P＜0.05);however,there was no statistically significant difference in CT values at the communicating level of the internal carotid artery between the two groups(P＞0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in subclavian vein artifact scores between the two groups(P＞0.05).The R2 values for test-bolus kurtosis in group A were 0.589,0.588,0.496,and 0.370 for each level,while theR2 values were 0.531,0.531,0.642,and 0.615 in group B,respectively.The intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC)values between each level of groups A and B were 0.872 and 0.888,respectively.Conclusion The segmented injection protocol provides a more stable angiography of intracranial vessels.It also shows more uniform and homogeneous CT values in head and neck vessels,with clinical diagnostic requirements.