Objective To understand the cognition of clinical medical postgraduates' professional ethics,in order to provide the basis for the further development of graduate professional ethics education.Methods The survey was carried out among 650 graduate students of the first hospital of Jilin University by self-designed questionnaires.The questionnaires included the general situation and the understanding of professional ethics of medicine.All data were analyzed by SPSS 17.0,using Chi-square test to compare the results in different grades about the understanding of professional ethics.Results In this study,a total of 650 questionnaires were issued,and 629 valid questionnaires were collected with a recovery rate of 96.7％.Most graduates' professional values were in line with the socialist core values.For example,for the attitude of medical workers to accept red envelopes,410 graduate students (65.2％) firmly opposed to accepting this behavior.For the purpose of the study medicine,there was no statistically significant difference among different grades (P=0.273).For the attitude of red paper,the main problem in medical ethics education and the biggest factor for graduates,there was statistically significant difference among different grades (P=0.012,P=0.002,P=0.002,respectively).Conclusion At present,the professional ethics of postgraduates in clinical medicine is in good condition,but still needs to be improved.We can give further education and guidance to students for the problems existing in graduate students of different grades.

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the distribution laws of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome factor and their combination in coronary heart disease (CHD), and to study the correlation between the TCM syndrome factor combination and cardiac function as well as blood-lipid. METHODS: The parameters of the cardiac function of 300 patients with a final diagnosis of CHD by coronary angiography were measured by echocardiography, and the levels of blood lipids in the CHD patients were detected. An analysis of the correlation was done between the TCM syndrome factor combination and cardiac function as well as blood-lipid in CHD. RESULTS: The TCM syndrome factor combinations of CHD were blood stasis due to qi deficiency, qi and yin deficiency, intermingled phlegm and blood stasis, and yang deficiency and blood stasis. The ejection fraction of CHD patients with yang deficiency and blood stasis was markedly decreased. The levels of triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in CHD patients with intermingled phlegm and blood stasis were markedly increased, and the level of triglyceride in CHD patients with qi and yin deficiency was markedly increased too. CONCLUSION: The treatment of CHD should aim directly at the symptoms and causes. It is also proved that some compound traditional Chinese herbal medicines for supplementing qi and activating blood circulation, nourishing yin and resolving phlegm, and activating yang should be used in treatment of CHD. In cases of CHD with low cardiac function, particular emphasis should be laid on activating yang and blood circulation, while in cases of CHD with blood-lipid disturbance, particular emphasis should be laid on resolving phlegm and activating blood circulation, replenishing qi and nourishing yin.

Objective To observe the protective effect of N-NAC on radiation-induced lung injury. Methods 86 cases of thoracic neoplasm patients were chosen and randomly divided into two groups,group RT +N(n =43)and group RT(n =43).Two groups were observed by CT after radiotherapy.Acute and chronical toxicities were graded by RTOG.TGF-β1,IL-1,IL-4,TNF were observed before and after the radiotherapy.Results After 3 monthsof radiotherapy,RTOG≥2 was 23.4%(RT +N),while RTOG≥2 was 53.1%(RT).there was significant differencebetween the two groups(P <0.01).At 6,9 and 12 months,fibrosis was present in 28.4%,25.4%,22.4% receivingRT vs 58.4%,54.4%,52.4% receiving RT +N,there was significant difference between the two groups(P <0.05).TGF-β1,IL-1,IL-4,TNF were observed which showed that The RT +N were lower than RT.Conclusion N-NAC can reduce incidence rate of lung injury in radiotherapy,and can reduce the content and the release of TGF-β1,IL-1,IL-4,TNF.

OBJECTIVETo search for a simple and effective surgical approach to the management of moderate to severe pediatric concealed penis in children.

METHODSWe used Devine's technique via incision between the penis and scrotum in the treatment of 68 cases of moderate to severe pediatric concealed penis. The patients were aged 3 -13 (mean 6.5) years, 30 with moderate and 38 with severe pediatric concealed penis.

RESULTSThis strategy achieved good near- and long-term effects and satisfactory appearance of the penis, which was similar to that of circumcision. At 3 months after surgery, the penile length was 3 - 5.2 cm, averaging (2.35 +/- 0.35) cm.

CONCLUSIONDevine's technique via incision between the penis and scrotum is a simple and effective surgical option for moderate to severe pediatric concealed penis in children.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Male ; Penis ; abnormalities ; surgery ; Scrotum ; surgery ; Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male ; methods

Aim To investigate the effects of maternal chronic aluminum exposure on memorial behaviour and hippocampal intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i)on their offspring after the induction of LTP(long-term potentiation). Methods Adult Wistar rats (150~200 g) were exposed to aluminum by drinking distilled water, the concentration of AlCl3 is 0.015 mol?L-1(2 g?L-1) and 0.03 mol?L-1(4 g?L-1) aluminum chloride (AlCl3) solution, respectively, for 30 days prior to mating and during the whole gestation and suckling period. Their offspring were distributed into three experimental groups: control group; two exposed groups (represented by 0.2%-Al and 0.4%-Al ) administrated aluminum exposure ended at postnatal day 21. The brain tissue and blood aluminum levels were measured by Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Memorial ability of the offspring was tested by Step down test.[Ca2+]i was measured by the technique of Fura-2/AM calcium ions fluorescence indicator. Results The mean aluminum content in blood and brain tissue was significantly higher than the control group(P0.05), but was significantly decreased in 0.4%-Al exposed group(P

Background Researches showed that the incidence rate of cataract is high in the nickel mining area. Nickel sulphate can apparently inhibit the metabolism and proliferation of human lens epithelium cells. But the study on the injury mechanism of nickel on lens is still seldom. Objective Present study was to investigate the effect of nickel sulphate on the lens of SD rats. Methods Forty-five SPF SD rats aged from 7 to 14 days were grouped randomly into subcutaneous injection group, intraperitoneal injection group and blank group. Nickel sulphate of 2 g/L ( 10 mg/kg) was subcutaneously or intraperitonealy injected for 45 days. The opacity of rat lens was examined under the slit lamp at two-week interval and scored based on the criteria of LOCS II and LOCS III. The rats were sacrificed in 45 days after experiment and the lens were obtained for the pathological examination. Result The mean score of the anterior subcapsule opacity of rat lens was obviously higher in subcutaneous injection group compared with blank control group with a significant difference between them (t= 14. 311, P < 0. 05 ) , but no significant difference in the anterior subcapsule opacity between intraperitoneal injection group and blank control group (t = 4. 355 , P>0. 05 ). The score of posterior subcapsule opacity of lens were evidently higher in both subcutaneous injection group and intraperitoneal injection group than the blank control group (t = 9. 316,P = 0. 004;t = 7. 464, P = 0. 009) ,so was the mean score of the anterior +posterior subcapsule opacities(t = 23. 387,P=0. 000;t= 10. 533,P = 0. 002) and the total score of rat lens opacity ( t = 12. 358 , P = 0. 001; t = 10. 188 , P = 0. 003 ) . No significant differences were found in cortex opacity score and nuclear opacity score among three groups ( P > 0.05 ). Histopathology examination revealed that the degeneration of lens collagen protein was more serious in subcutaneous injection group and intraperitoneal injection group than the blank control group,and the injury degree of lens collagen protein was more dominant in subcutaneous injection group. Conclusion System administration of nickel sulphate induced the injury of anterior and posterior subcapsule of lens in SD rat.

Objective To study the effects of chronic manganism on hearing and cochlear cells in rats by using animal model of chronic manganism .Methods Sixty adult SD rats were randomly divided into Mn - exposed and controlgroups.RatsweretreatedwithMnCl24H2O(100mg·kg -1·d-1)ordeionizedwaterbygastricperfusion, lasted for 12 weeks .The Mn concentration in peripheral blood was measured respectively at 4 weeks ,8 weeks and 12 weeks after treatment .At 12 weeks after treatment ,the auditory brainstem response was recorded ,the hair cells morphology and counting were examined by stretched preparation of basilar membrane stained with FITC -phalloi-din ,and the spiral ganglion cells morphology and counting were studied by HE staining ,the ultrastructure changes of hair cells and spiral ganglion cells were detected by transmission electron microscopy .Results The blood Mn concentration increased gradually with time after treatment .ABR thresholds at 4 ,8 ,16 ,24 and 32 kHz were sig-nificantly increased at 12 weeks after treatment ,especially in the high-frequency range .Morphological study at 12 weeks after treatment showed loss of outer hair cells ,mainly in the basal turn of the cochlea ,and decreased number of spiral ganglion cells .The ultrastructure changes of outer hair cells and spiral ganglion cells included the break -ups ,disappearance or vacuolar change of mitochondria cristas .Conclusion Our data demonstrate that chronic man-ganism can cause loss of outer hair cells and spiral ganglion cells in cochlear in rats ,leading to hearing loss .

Cancer, an abnormal cell proliferation resulted from multi-factors,has the highest morbidity and mortality among all the serious diseases. Considerable progress has been made in cancer biology in recent years. Tumor immunology, cancer stem cells (CSCs), autophagy, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) have become hot topics of interests in this area. Detailed dissection of these biological processes will provide novel directions, targets, and strategies for the pharmacological evaluation, mechanism elucidation, and new drug development of traditional Chinese medicine.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; administration & dosage ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; immunology ; physiopathology

Objective To learn the changes of blood lead levels and serum biochemical parameters of the school agechildren from different areas. Methods All research objects, the school age children, were from three different areasrespectively, including a mountainous area (L area), an island area (H area) where there is not history of Pb pollution,and an industry area (N area) in relation to Pb pollution. The morning urine and peripheral venous blood samples werecollected from the school age children. Pb in blood (PbB), δ-aminoaevulinic acid in urine (ALA), Ca2+, BUN, Cr inserum, and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), thyroxin (T4), free thyroxin (FT4) levels were detected. ResultsPbB levels [M was 36.0 ppb] of the school age children from N area were significantly higher than that of L area [22.0 ppb] andH area [23.8 ppb]. On the contrary, serum Ca2+ levels of the school age children from N area were significantly lower than thatof L area and H area. Serum T4 of N area was significantly lower than that of L area and H area. Serum FT4 of H area wassignificantly higher than that of L area and N area. And TSH of N area and H area were both obviously lower than that of L area.But all of these thyroxin indexes were in the range of normal values. Conclusion It should be widely concerned that thesignificant elevation of PbB levels may have a negative impact on school age children in the future.

By using the cell density, cell viability, size distribution of cell aggregates,specific consumption rate of glucose (q_ glc ), specific production rate of lactate (q_ lac ), lactate transform rate (Y_ lac/glc ) and amino acids utilization as the evaluation indexes, the growth and metabolism of HEK293 cells under carrier-free immobilization culture mode were examined and compared with those of HEK293 cells cultured in static tissue flasks. It was found that HEK293 cells grown as suspended cell aggregates in spinner flasks maintained the basic growth and metabolism characteristics of HEK293 cells in stationary anchored culture, and HEK293 cells under carrier-free immobilization culture mode as suspended aggregates in stirred bioreactor facilitate perfusion performance and increase unit productivity. Cultivation of HEK293 cells in carrier-free immobilization culture mode has potential for further improving mammalian cells culture technique.