Objective To study the effects of pronunciation after cochlear implantation in children,and find out the common rules of initials consonant pronunciation errors.Methods We used the cards as the pronunciation articulation test from hearing impairment children's hearing,language competency assessment standards and methods to evaluate auditory-verbal ability after cochlear implantation,then recorded and analyzed the errors of the initials consonant.Results After training for 10 months,we evaluated speech articulation of prelingually deaf children of 3 to 5 years old with cochlear implants 73.93%±12.76%.The most incorrect pronunciations were/s/,/z/,/sh/,/g/,/ch/,/j/,/k/,/l/,/c/,/zh/,/f/and/p/,which had resulted in substitution.According to the classification of pronunciation articulation,it focused on supradialectical and velar while the least in bilabial and blade-alveolar.Ac-cording to the classification of pronunciation method,nasal,lateral and unaspirated stop had low error rates.Conclu-sion Only do when we comprehend rules of cochlear implants in children pronunciation as well as study,can we solve problems and do well in language training.The most incorrect pronunciations in children with CI are supradia-lectical and velar,the language training should be performed aecordingly.

Matrix metallopmteinase(MMP),a family of proteolytic enzymes,can degradate the composition of extracellular matrix.Its structure,regulatory function and physiopathology have been deeply studied,and its role in tumor metastasis has received more attention.The tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase(TIMP),as an endogenous MMP inhibitor,suppresses both the form and course of MMP activation.The function zone of its C-end accords with some other parts of MMP,forming an MMP-TIMP compound,to block the combination of MMP with the substrate,suppress the activation of MMP,and slow down or block the invasion and metastasis of osteosarcoma.

Objective: To investigate the changes of serum levels of leptin in chronic heart failure (CHF) rats with cachexia and to study its mechanism via leptin receptor expression and leptin signal transduction pathways.
Methods: There were 15/60 male SD rats were randomly used as Control group. CHF model was established in rest 45 rats by isoproterenol hydrochloride (ISO) injection as CHF group, n=36;9 rats died. According to body weight changes and echocardiography examination, CHF rats were further divided into 2 groups:cCHF group, the rats with cachexia, n=16 and ncCHF group, the rats with non-cachexia, n=20. Serum levels of leptin and protein levels of janus activating kinase 2 (JAK2), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) were examined by ELISA;the expressions of leptin receptor in the myocardial and adipose tissues were observed by immunohistochemistry;mRNA expressions of JAK2, STAT3 and SOCS3 in adipose tissue were detected by RT-PCR.
Results: Serum levels of leptin, JAK2, STAT3 and the expressions of JAK2, STAT3 in adipose tissue were higher in both ncCHF and cCHF groups than Control group, P<0.05;protein levels and mRNA expressions of JAK2 and STAT3 were similar between cCHF group and ncCHF group, P>0.05. Serum levels of leptin, SOCS3 and mRNA expression of SOCS3 in cCHF group were lower than ncCHF group, P<0.05. The expressions of leptin receptor in myocardial and adipose tissue were higher in cCHF group than ncCHF group, P<0.05, while the expressions in ncCHF group were higher than Control group, P<0.05.
Conclusions: Increased serum level of leptin was involved in HF occurrence, leptin receptor expression and JAK2/STAT3 signal transduction pathways might be related to CHF combining cachexia in experimental rats.

Objective To explore the work-related stressors of night shift nurses’in coronary care unit(CCU).Method Semi-structured interviews were conducted among 6 night shift nurses in CCU with phenomenological method to analyze work experience of night shift.Result CCU night shift nurses’work-related stressors were found to be horror,frustration,overwork,interpersonal communication stress and shortage of work experience.Conclusion Strengthening psychological communication and emergency training to nurses,adopting incentive mechanism and organization support can relieve nurses’physical and psychological stress and improve work initiative.

Objective To construct cDNA library of alveolar macrophages after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and dexamethasone (Dex) treatment for exploring the protein molecule interactive with glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in condition of inflammation. Methods After the cultured AMs were treated with LPS (10mg/ml) and Dex (10 -5 mol/L) for 4h, total RNA was extracted from AMs, then the cDNA was synthesized from total RNA of AMs and amplified using primers SMARTⅢ TM and CDSⅢoligo (dT) as the base of recombination. The purified PCR products as well as the linearized plasmid pGADT7-Rec were co-transformed into the competent yeast AH109. They were recombined by yeast homologous recombinase in the yeast cells and became the active cyclic plasmid. The transformed yeasts grew in the SD/-Leu plates. All the growing clones were harvested and then constituted the cDNA library. Furthermore, the bait pGBKT7-rGR transformed the yeast AH109 of library was constructed, and the protein molecule interactive with GR was screened. Results cDNA library of AMs was constructed with high multiplication and good capacity. 1.07?106 recombinants were obtained from the cDNA library. The amplified PCR fragments were between 0.3-1.5kb in size. One true positive clone, obtained by screening the cDNA library, was confirmed to be BAG-1 by sequencing and BLAST. Conclusion The yeast two-hybrid cDNA library of AMs was successfully constructed by Clontech SMART method; GR can interact with BAG-1 in yeast cells.

Objective To study the expression and clinical significance of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(sVCAM-1)in children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura(HSP).Methods The levels of plasma VEGF and sVCAM-1 were measured in 58 children with HSP and 23 normal children by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),respectively.Results The plasma levels of VEGF and sVCAM-1 of HSP children at acute stage were significantely higher than those of HSP children at the remission stage and those of the controls(Pa

Objective The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and pathological features of primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC) and their correlation.Methods Liver biopsy specimens were obtained through percutaneous needle puncture from twenty four patients with PBC who had not been diagnosed or treated before.These samples were fixed in formaldehyde and embedded in paraffin for routine histological examination.Pathologic stages based on Ludwig criteria,fibrosis,portal and periportal inflammation,lymphocytic periportal piecemeal necrosis,ductular proliferation,intralobular hepatocyte necrosis,the degree of ductopenia and relevant laboratory results were recorded.Statistics method used was x2 or t-test,Mann-whitmey U nonperametric test and Pearson's or Spearman's correlation analysis.Results The pathological stages,degree of fibrosis were positively correlated with total bilirubin (TBIL) level,total bile acid (TBA),cholesterol (CHO),IgG levels,and were negatively correlated with serum albumin(ALB) level(r=-0.527,P=0.030; r=-0.503,P=0.039) ,percentage of eosinophilic cells (EOS) ( r=-0.554,P=0.021; r=-0.502,P=0.040).Lymphocytic periportal piecemeal necrosis was positively correlated with alkaline phosp-hatase (ALP),TBIL,DBIL,TBA,and also tumor necrosis factor-αt (TNF-αα) levels(r=0.617,P=0.006).Conclusion TBIL,DBIL,TBA,CHO,IgG and ALB,EOS are good surrogate markers for disease sever ity and reversibility of PBC,while ALP,TNF-Cα,TBIL,DBlL,TBA can be used as markers for disease activity.

Objective To study whether bellidifolin has rehabilitation effect on injured sciatic nerve rats,and whether ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is involved in this mechanism.Methods 225 male wistar rats were made to be sciatic nerve injured models,with right sciatic nerve being cut and sewed under microscopy,left sciatic being sham.Rats were randomly divided into control group,bellidifolin 25 mg,50 mg,75 mg groups and mecobalamin group,with 45 rats in each group.Rats in control group were just injected sodium chloride,others were intra-peritonealiy injected different doses of bellidifolin and mecobalamin after operation.Results Three weeks after operation,SFl of control group,mecobalaming group,bellidifolin 25 mg,50 mg and 75 mg group were-84.35± 4.87,-45.20±2.30,-70.42±4.21,-57.73±3.46 and-64.38±4.38 respectively.Compared with control group,others showed significant differences (P＜0.05).There were statistically differences between bellidifolin groups and mecobalaming group(P＜0.05).Within bellidifolin groups,50 mg group showed difference compared with 25 mg and 75 rg groups(P=0.031).TSW results also showed differences among bellidifolin groups,control group and mecobalaming group.There were statistical differences among bellidifolin groups(P＜0.05).Each groups with immunohistochemistry analysis,CNTF expression showed statistically differences among bellidifolin 50 mg group and 25 mg,70 rg groups,Bellidifolin 50 mg group was higher than others(P＜0.05).Conclusion Bellidifolin can promote the recovery of injured sciatic nerve,especially the concentration of 50 mg bellidifolin,and CNTF is involved in the rehablitation process.

Objective To compare clinical outcomes of clavicular hook plate and coracoclavicu-lar screw fixation in treatment of acrmioclavicular dislocation (Tossy Ⅲ). Methods From August 2003 to January 2008,38 patients with acromioclavicular dislocation (Tossy Ⅲ) were randomly divided into two groups that were treated with coracoclavicular screw and clavicular hook plate fixation respective-ly. The range of shoulder movement was restricted after operation until the fixation was removed three months later. The shoulder function was evaluated by using Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) sco-ring system. The functional scores were compared before and after removal of the internal fixation in two groups. Results All patients were followed up, which showed no statistical difference upon final shoulder function of two groups. There was no loosening or migration of internal fixators. No redislocation occurred after removal of internal fixations. Seven patients complained shoulder pain and three had severe shoulder pain affecting sleep quality in coracoclavicular screw group. The pain was alleviated after remov-al of fixation. Conclusions Coraeeclavicular screw and clavicular hook plate fixation have similar clinical effect in treatment of acromioclavicular dislocation (Tossy Ⅲ), with satisfactory recovery of shoul-der function. Many complications of acromioclavicular fixations can be avoided by restriction of shoulder movement after operation and early functional exercise after removal of fixation.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the establishment of a system of expired medicine recycling in China. METHODS:The experience of developed countries with respect to the system of expired medicine recycling was summed up,and the existing problems about the recycling of expired medicines in China were considered to make suggestions to the establishment of a system of medicine recycling in China. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Generally,the developed countries such as Britain, France,Germany and America treat expired medicines as hazardous wastes in the Environmental Protection Law,Waste Disposal Law and other laws,and have basically standardized the recycling of expired medicines. The projects of recycling expired medi-cines in those countries are usually funded by their governments or enterprises of manufacturing or selling medicines,where the medicines were recycled at designated places or on a regular basis or by post,executed by pharmacists and pharmacies,and then disposed on the basis of classification or burned and buried at dumps. However,currently there are no laws and regulations and spe-cial funds for medicine recycling in China,leading to people’s lacking of enthusiasm to recycle the expired medicines. It is suggest-ed that China should take such measures as soon as possible,including establishing and improving the laws and regulations of ex-pired medicine recycling,distinguishing the reasonably determination and disposition of different types of expired medicines,accel-erating the reform of the medical insurance payment system,giving full play to the pharmacist’s role of medication guidance,and fully increasing information transparency.