Chondrodysplasia Punctata ; congenital ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male

To explore and discuss the application of case teaching method for pharmaceutical administration science according to the actual teaching situation and the teaching experience of the authors. The teaching effects can be improved by the method, which is worthy of promotion and popularization.

Objective To discuss the changes of correlative ultrasonic parameter index of normal hips and abnormal hips with developmental dislocation of the hip (DDH) in infants of different months in order to provide objective information for the diagnosis. Methods Three-hundred and seventy-eight normal hips and 244 hips with DDH among 622 hips of 311 infants were detected by ultrasonography(US). The morphology and structure information of hips were observed, and the values of ultrasonic parameter index,including angle α,angle 3, acetabular index( AI), femoral head percentage of cover(FHC) of normal hips and abnormal hips were measured. The values of each parameter index were collected by being divided into different groups (3 months a group) ,then the correlation was analyzed. Results Morphology and structure,position relation between femoral head and acetabulum of the hips were demonstrated by US. Normal or abnormal hips,the degrees of abnormal hips and the types of hips could be judged according to the findingsof US. Analysis of values of parameter index of normal hips:①There was significantly statistical significance in the values of ultrasonic parameter index, such as angle α, angle β, AI, FHC of normal hip between the groups of different age (P＜0.01). ②There was correlation between the age and the values of each parameter index, among which angle α, FHC had positive correlations with age ( r = 0. 537, 0. 554,respectively ) while angle β and Al negative correlations ( r = -0. 465, -0.424, respectively ). ③There was correlation between the values of different parameter index. Both angle β and AI had negative correlation with angle α,among which the latter correlation was closely ( r = - 0. 794). No statistical significance was found between the ultrasonic values of each group under different ages of different type abnormal hips( P ＞0.05) ,but closely negative correlations still existed between angle α and AI. ConclusionsUS can be viewed as an early definite and a screening method of diagnosing DDH.For older infants (above 6 months) it will be more accurate to analyze the ultrasonic parameter index together with the age of infants.

There are some shortcomings of animal experiments applied in chemical toxicity testing, such as long period, large cost, species differences and dose differences, which limit the use of animal experiments' results in predicting human toxicity.Accordingly, we established a toxicity testing alternative screening system in line with the toxicity endpoints which required in chemical safety evaluation and risk assessment (genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, reproductive toxicity, acute toxicity and general toxicity) based on 3R principles (replacement, reduction, refinement) for animal experiments.This system covers most of the endpoints of toxicity assessment, and molecular biology technology was also applied to integrate the toxicity test, as well as some operation was optimized in order to shorten the experimental period, reduce experimental costs, improve animal welfare.Furthermore, the results from the screening system have higher clinical relevance because it is based on the toxicity mechanisms.

Adult ; Carcinoma ; complications ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; complications ; Solitary Fibrous Tumors ; complications ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; complications

The relationship of nutrients and microorganisms in soils with polyphenols and total flavonoids of Houttuynia cordata were investigated by measuring nutrients, enzyme activity, pH, concentrations of microbe phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) in soils, and determining concentrations of polyphenols and total flavonoids of H. cordata. The research is aimed to understand characteristics of the planting soils and improve the quality of cultivated H. cordata. The soils at different sample sites varied greatly in nutrients, enzyme activity, pH, microbic PLFAs and polyphenols and all flavonoids. The content of total PLFAs in sample sites was following: bacteria > fungi > actinomyces > nematode. The content of bacteria PLFAs was 37.5%-65.0% at different sample sites. Activities of polyphenol oxidease, concentrations of available P and content of PLFAs of bacteria, actinomyces and total microorganisms in soils were significantly and positively related to the concentrations of polyphenols and total flavonoids of H. cordata, respectively (P < 0.05) . The Content of fungi PLFAs in soils was significantly and negatively related to concentrations of polyphenols and total flavonoids of H. cordata, respectively (P < 0.05). This study provides evidence that effectiveness of the soil nutrient, which may be improved due to transformation of soil microorganisms and enzymes to N and P in the soils, was beneficial to adaptation of H. cordata adapted to different soil conditions, and significantly affects metabolic accumulation of polyphenols and flavonoids of H. cordata.
Bacteria ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; metabolism ; Fatty Acids ; metabolism ; Flavonoids ; analysis ; metabolism ; Fungi ; metabolism ; Houttuynia ; chemistry ; metabolism ; microbiology ; Phospholipids ; metabolism ; Polyphenols ; analysis ; metabolism ; Soil ; chemistry ; Soil Microbiology

Adult ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; MART-1 Antigen ; metabolism ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Medulloblastoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Melanocytes ; pathology ; Melanoma ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Melanoma-Specific Antigens ; metabolism ; Meningeal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Neurilemmoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Nevus of Ota ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; S100 Proteins ; metabolism ; Skin Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Vimentin ; metabolism

Objective To study the cause,prevention and treatment of postpancreaticoduodenectomy hemorrhage.Method The clinical data of 422 patients who underwent PD in our hospital between January 2000 and January 2012 were retrospective analyzed.Results The incidence of postoperative hemorrhage was 8.1％ (34/422),and the mortality was 20.6％ (7/34).Early and delayed hemorrhage occurred in 19 and 15 patients,respectively.Intra-abdominal and gastrointestinal hemorrhage occurred in 20 and 14 patients,respectively.For the 19 patients who underwent reoperation,the mortality was 20.6％ (7/34).When compared with the delayed hemorrhage group,the mortality of the early hemorrhage group was significantly lower (P＜0.05).Conclusions Meticulous operation and reliable hemostasis during operation and prevention of pancreatic fistula,biliary fistula and peritoneal fluid collection after operation are the key points in reducing postoperative hemorrhage.A timely and decisive reoperation is important to manage postoperative hemorrhage.

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathologic features, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of ovarian juvenile granulosa cell tumor (JGCT).Methods The history records, pathologic features and immunophenotype of 8 cases of JGCT were retrospectively evaluated and their prognosis was achieved by follow-up.Results The age of patients ranged from 6～21 years old,with an average age of 15.1 years.The main clinical manifestations included an abdominal mass, ascites and isosexual pseudoprecocity. Cut surface of the tumor was typically solid with cysts formed. The histopathological changes displayed solid nests, diffuse sheet, multiple round or ovoid follicles in variable size.Macrofollicles could be seen in some cases.The follicular pattern consisted of small cystic cavities containing eosinophilic secretions. The tumor cells were round or polygonal, medium in size. The tumor cells had abundant pale or slightly eosinophilic cytoplasm, round nuclei with fine chromatin. Nuclear grooves were inconspicuous.Mitosis figures could be found. Immunohistochemical results showed that the tumor cells expressed inhibin-α,CD99,vimentin; while Melan-A,calretinin and S-100 were positive staining in part of the cases.CKpan,EMA,PLAP,Syn and CgA were negative in all the cases.Conclusions Ovarian juvenile granulosa cell tumor is a rather rare, low malignant tumor with good prognosis. Its diagnosis depends on the histologic and immunohistochemical findings and clinical features. Its differential diagnosis includes adult granulose cell tumor, hypercalcaemic type small cell carcinoma, carcinoid and dysgerminoma.

Objective To investigate the effect of local mild hypothermia on the cerebral hemodynamic parameters,plasma Endothelin-1 (ET-1s) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRPs) of the subarachnoid hemorrhage patients (SAH).Methods Sixty patients were divided randomly into local mild hypothermia group and control group (n =30 patients each group).The middle cerebral artery average blood flow rates (VMCAs) and pulse index (PIs) were detected with transcranial Doppler (TCD),plasma ET-1 s and CGRPs were tested on the D1,D7,D10,and D14,respectively.Results The VMCAs in the mild hypothermia group were lower on the D7,D10,and D14 [7 d:(95.46 ±22.48)cm/s vs (110.35 ±32.38) cm/s,t =2.07,P ＜ 0.05 ; 10 d:(85.57 ± 17.47) cm/s vs (97.64 ± 20.55) cm/s,t =2.45,P＜0.05 ;14 d:(57.16 ± 14.36)cm/s vs (70.56 ± 19.42) cm/s,t =3.04,P ＜ 0.01],PIs and plasma ET-1s were lower on the D10 and D14 compared with the control group [PIs:10 d:0.76 ±0.21 vs 0.88±0.25,t =2.01,P ＜0.05;14 d:0.72±0.18 vs 0.84 ±0.19,t =2.51,P ＜0.05] [ET-1s:10 d:(71.37 ± 16.63) pg/ml vs (81.46 ±21.38)pg/ml,t =2.04,P ＜0.05 ;14 d:(55.73 ± 15.18) pg/ml vs (68.28 ± 20.57) pg/ml,t =2.69,P ＜ 0.01].Plasma CGRPs were higher compared with the control group on the D7,D10,and D14 [7 d:(26.55 ±6.45)pg/ml vs (23.64 ±4.56)pg/ml,t =2.02,P ＜0.05;10 d:(24.15 ±7.35)pg/ml vs (20.52 ±6.18) pg/ml,t =2.07,P ＜0.05;14 d:(30.37 ±6.28)pg/ml vs (26.88 ± 4.39) pg/ml,t =2.49,P ＜ 0.05].Conclusions The mild hypothermia treatment could reduce the plasma ET-1s,improve plasma CGRPs,and improve the prognosis of the patients.