Chondrodysplasia Punctata ; congenital ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male

To explore and discuss the application of case teaching method for pharmaceutical administration science according to the actual teaching situation and the teaching experience of the authors. The teaching effects can be improved by the method, which is worthy of promotion and popularization.

Objective To discuss the changes of correlative ultrasonic parameter index of normal hips and abnormal hips with developmental dislocation of the hip (DDH) in infants of different months in order to provide objective information for the diagnosis. Methods Three-hundred and seventy-eight normal hips and 244 hips with DDH among 622 hips of 311 infants were detected by ultrasonography(US). The morphology and structure information of hips were observed, and the values of ultrasonic parameter index,including angle α,angle 3, acetabular index( AI), femoral head percentage of cover(FHC) of normal hips and abnormal hips were measured. The values of each parameter index were collected by being divided into different groups (3 months a group) ,then the correlation was analyzed. Results Morphology and structure,position relation between femoral head and acetabulum of the hips were demonstrated by US. Normal or abnormal hips,the degrees of abnormal hips and the types of hips could be judged according to the findingsof US. Analysis of values of parameter index of normal hips:①There was significantly statistical significance in the values of ultrasonic parameter index, such as angle α, angle β, AI, FHC of normal hip between the groups of different age (P＜0.01). ②There was correlation between the age and the values of each parameter index, among which angle α, FHC had positive correlations with age ( r = 0. 537, 0. 554,respectively ) while angle β and Al negative correlations ( r = -0. 465, -0.424, respectively ). ③There was correlation between the values of different parameter index. Both angle β and AI had negative correlation with angle α,among which the latter correlation was closely ( r = - 0. 794). No statistical significance was found between the ultrasonic values of each group under different ages of different type abnormal hips( P ＞0.05) ,but closely negative correlations still existed between angle α and AI. ConclusionsUS can be viewed as an early definite and a screening method of diagnosing DDH.For older infants (above 6 months) it will be more accurate to analyze the ultrasonic parameter index together with the age of infants.

There are some shortcomings of animal experiments applied in chemical toxicity testing, such as long period, large cost, species differences and dose differences, which limit the use of animal experiments' results in predicting human toxicity.Accordingly, we established a toxicity testing alternative screening system in line with the toxicity endpoints which required in chemical safety evaluation and risk assessment (genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, reproductive toxicity, acute toxicity and general toxicity) based on 3R principles (replacement, reduction, refinement) for animal experiments.This system covers most of the endpoints of toxicity assessment, and molecular biology technology was also applied to integrate the toxicity test, as well as some operation was optimized in order to shorten the experimental period, reduce experimental costs, improve animal welfare.Furthermore, the results from the screening system have higher clinical relevance because it is based on the toxicity mechanisms.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical and pathological features of Hirschprung disease (HD), intestinal neuro-nal dysplasia (IND) and hypoganglionosis (IH) in children.MethodsThe clinical data and pathologic slices from 238 children with intestinal dysganglionosis were retrospectively analyzed. The age, sex, involved intestinal length of children and prognosis were compared.ResultsIn 238 patients, 138 (58.0%) were diagnosed by rectal mucosal biopsies. There were 122 HD patients whose median age at diagnosis was 9 months and the ratio of male to female was 4.3:1, without involvement of whole colon. There were 45 IND patients whose median age at diagnosis was 14 months and the ratio of male to female was 1.05:1, and the whole colon of 33.3% patients was involved. There were two male IH patients whose ages at diagnosis were 12 years and 18 years respectively, and their whole colon was involved. There were 59 patients with HD complicated by IND whose median age at diagnosis was 13 months and the ratio of male to female was 5.56:1 and the whole colon of 16.9% patients was involved. There were 10 male patients with HD complicated by IH whose median age at diagnosis was 11.5 months and the whole colon of 80.0% patients was involved. The ages at diagnosis, the sex ratio, the rates of whole colon involved, and the cure rates among 5 groups were signiifcantly different (allP<0.01).ConclusionsThe rectal mucosal biopsy was the main method in diagnosis of intestinal dysganglionsis in children. Patients with HD had higher incidence and mild condition and favorable prognosis. Patients with IH or patients with HD complicated by IH had lower incidence rates and severe condition and poor prognosis, followed by patients with IND or patients with HD complicated by IND.

Objective To evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of fusidic acid against P.acnes.Methods Fifty strains of P.acnes were clinically isolated from Huashan Hospital,Fudan University from March to September 2013.The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of several antibacterial agents including fusidic acid against these P.aches isolates were determined by using the agar dilution method according to the recommendations of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).Data were analyzed using the WHONET 5.4 software.Results Among the 50 P.acnes isolates,90％ were sensitive to fusidic acid,90％ to moxifloxacin,54％ to clindamycin,46％ to erythromycin,but 100％ were resistant to metronidazole.The minimum concentration required to inhibit the growth of 50％ organisms (MIC50) and 90％ organisms (MIC90) were 0.5 and 1.0 mg/L respectively for fusidic acid,whereas clindamycin and erythromycin both showed higher MIC90 values (＞ 128 mg/L).At the concentration of 128 mg/L,clindamycin inhibited the growth of 70％ of the P.acnes isolates,and erythromycin inhibited the growth of 48％ of them,while the growth of all the isolates was inhibited by fusidic acid at 2 mg/L.Conclusion Fusidic acid exhibits excellent antibacterial activity against clinical isolates of P.acnes in vitro.

Objective To investigate the changes in the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1),matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP-3) in the articular cartilage of patients with Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) and the role of these proteins in pathogenesis of KBD.Methods The postoperative cartilage samples were collected from patients with KBD,osteoarthritis and patients with non-bone disease (control).The expression of MMP-1,MMP-3 and TIMP-3 in the cartilage was detected by immuohistochemistry,and the positive chondrocytes were counted in different layers of the articular cartilage under microscope.Results The positive rates of MMP-1 in the upper [(67.00 ± 1.69)％] and deeper [(22.07 ± 29.66)％] layers of articular cartilage from patients with KBD,and in the deeper layer of articular cartilage from patients with osteoarthritis [(70.52 ± 37.84)％] were significantly higher than those in the control group [(51.73 ± 36.74)％,(3.75 ± 6.85)％,all P ＜ 0.05].The positive rates of MMP-3 in the deeper layer of articular cartilage from patients with KBD [(28.84 ± 31.13)％] and in the middle and deeper layers of articular cartilage from patients with osteoarthritis [(55.69 ± 35.00)％,(45.96 ± 35.38％)] were significantly higher than those in normal cartilage [(34.09 ± 28.54)％,(14.46 ± 18.32)％,all P ＜ 0.05].The positive rates of TIMP-3 in the middle layer of articular cartilage from patients with KBD [(21.25 ± 25.23)％] and in the middle and deeper layers of articular cartilage from patients with osteoarthritis [(20.40 ± 22.19)％,(18.10 ± 22.58)％] were significantly lower than those in normal cartilage [(36.74 ± 26.61)％,(7.81 ± 20.58)％,all P ＜ 0.05].Conclusion MMP-1,MMP-3 and TIMP-3 play important roles in the articular cartilage damage of KBD.

Objective: To observe the influence of moxibustion sertma of mice on the expression of Fas, bcl-2 mRNA and protein of EL-4 lymphoma cells in vitro. Method: The EL-4 lymphoma cells were cultivated for 24 h in the moxibustion serum of mice. The expression of Fas and bcl-2 mRNA of EL-4 lymphoma cells were detected by in-situ hybridization method, and the protein expression of Fas and bcl-2 were observed by the immuocytochemistry method. Results: The expression of bcl-2 mRNA and protein decreased, and the expression of Fas rnRNA and protein increased significantly in EL-4 cells, which were cultivated in the moxibustion serum compared those cultivated in normal mice serum (P<0.05). Conclusion: Moxibustion serum could down-regulate the bcl-2 mRNA and protein and up-regulate the Fas mRNA and protein of EL-4 cells.

Objeetive:To observe the effect of acupuncture-moxibustion on TNF-a,sTNFR-Ⅰand sTNFR-Ⅱ in rats with Crohn's disease(CD).Method:The models of CD rats induced by TNBS were randomized into model group.herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion group and electroacupuncture group as well as a normal control group.The histopathological changes of colon mucus membrane were observed with HE staining and the contents Of TNF-a.sTNFR-Ⅰand sTNFR-Ⅱ were detected with ELISA method.Results:When compared with the normal group,the TNF-a level in CD rats was substantially elevated and the sTNFR-Ⅰ and sTNFR-Ⅱ showed no marked changes.After herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion and electroacupuncture treatment,the TNF-a level in CD rats was substantially reduced and sTNFRL-Ⅰ and sTNFR-Ⅱ showed no marked changes.The inflammatory lesions and abnormal structures of CD rats were significantly improved after herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion and electric stimulation.Conclusion:Herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion and electroacupuncture Can both remarkably reduce the TNF-a level in blood serum.and this might be one ofthe action mechanisms in the treatment of CD.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of primary splenic tumors.Methods The clinical data of 47 patients with spleen tumors treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University from January 2008 to October 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.Results 28 patients had no symptoms and only on physical examination was a mass found in some patients.There were 12 patients who manifested with upper abdominal discomfort or pain, 2 patients with an epigastric mass, l patient manifested with fever and 2 patients manifested with nausea and vomiting.Preoperative examination showed anemia in 7 patients.Three patients manifested with hypersplenism.Preoperative ultrasonic examination was performed on 39 patients with a diagnostic rate of 89.7％.43 patients underwent CT examination which had a diagnostic rate of 90.7％, MRI was performed in 4 patients and the diagnoses were all correct.Of the 47 patients with splenic tumor, 38 patients had a benign tumor.34 patients were treated by surgery, including 22 patients who underwent open splenectomy, 9 patients laparoscopic splenectomy, 3 patients laparoscopic fenestration of splenic cyst.Malignant tumors were found in 9 patients.Four patients underwent splenectomy, 2 patients were treated by laparoscopic splenectomy.Preoperative examination and postoperative pathological examination showed a benign tumor in 38 patients, including 1 1 patients with a splenic cyst, 6 patients with a cavernous hemangioma, 5 patients with an inflammatory pseudo tumor of spleen (accounting for 57.3％ of all the benign tumor).Malignant tumors included 5 patients with malignant lymphoma, 1 patient with splenic angiosarcoma, 1 patient with gastric carcinoma which metastasizes to the spleen, 1 patient with cervical carcinoma metastasizing to the spleen and 1 patient with liver carcinoma metastasizing to the spleen.Adjuvant chemotherapy and (or) radiotherapy after surgery were performed for patients with malignant lymphoma of the spleen.For 2 patients who were diagnosed early, surgery combined with radiotherapy or chemotherapy and immunotherapy were alive for more than 18 months.Conclusions The clinical manifestations of splenic tumors lack specificity.The diagnosis mainly depends on ultrasonic examination, CT and MRI.Early diagnosis, radical operation and comprehensive treatment are important to improve the prognosis of patients with malignant tumors of the spleen.