1.2 had no significant difference between the unilateral MCA-M1 stenosis group and the control group.Conclusion Transcranial Doppler can help us to analyze collateral flow on the foundation of NVUE,and can also determine the qualitative and the semi-quantitative information of collateral flow.

Objective To explore the application effect of Sandwich teaching method in clinical teaching in the department of neurosurgery.Methods Totally 144 clinical medicine students were divided into 2 groups:Sandwich teaching group (n=72) and traditional teaching group (n=72).The analysis of test and the questionnaire of the students were conducted after the course.Comparison between the two groups was made using independent sample t test and measurement data were expressed as as ± s.P＜0.05 signifies statistically significant differences.Rank sum test was used to compare the distribution of the test scores.Results The test score was statistically higher in Sandwich teaching group than control group [(76.38 ± 10.84) vs.(69.67 ± 10.50)].And the main distribution of the test scores was 70～90 in Sandwich teaching group while 60～80 in control group.Questionnaire showed that the scores of Sandwich teaching group were statistically higher than those ofthe control group in five aspects such as enhancing self-learning ability,improving the ability to analyze and solve problems,and so on.Conclusions Sandwich teaching method achieves good teaching effect and it is worth recommending in clinical teachifig.

Objective To analysis the progress in prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) in Dalian and to provide a scientific basis for further prevention and control of the disease.Methods From 2006 to 2010,5 or 9 townships were randomly sampled from each county in Dalian,4 villages were sampled from each selected townships and 15 or 8 households were sampled from each selected villages for collecting salt samples and salt iodine level was determined by direct titration method.Sixty daytime urine samples from pregnant women,breast feeding women,infants and young children were collected,respectively,every year to detect urinary iodine level.From 2007 to 2009,2 to 11 counties were sampled and from each selected county one school was sampled to collect 100 daytime urine samples of children aged 8-10 and iodine content was determined.From 2006 to 2009,2 to 5 counties were sampled,from each selected county 2 to 5 schools were sampled and 100 children aged 8 to 10 in each selected school were sampled to detect intelligence quotient level and the thyroid volume.Results From 2006 to 2010,16 012 copies of households' edible salt samples were monitored; the average iodine content was ranged 29.68-31.51 mg/kg,the rate of qualified iodized salt in household ranged from 97.24％ to 98.42％.A total of 1398 copies of urine samples of pregnant women,486 breast feeding women,473 infants and 502 young children were monitored,and the median value of urinary iodine was 129.3-189.6,114.6-190.6,148.5-298.5 and 144.4-187.3 μg/L,respectively.A total of 1657 urine samples were monitored,1264 intelligence quotient level and 1197 thyroid volume of school-age children were determined,the median urinary iodine,thyroid goiter rate and intelligence quotient level was 217.9-266.7 μg/L,0-3.29％ and 110.4-117.2 μg/L,respectively.Conclusions From 2006 to 2010,the city's households qualified iodized salt coverage rate has reached the national standard for elimination of iodine deficiency disorders.The iodine nutrition of key population and school-age children has reached adequate level,the thyroid goiter rate is less than 5％,and the level of intelligence quotient has increased every year.But the iodine nutrition of breast feeding women in 2009 and 2010,pregnant women in 2010 is inadequate,so iodine nutrition surveillance and health education in pregnant and breast feeding women need to be strengthened in the future.

Objective To study the reliability of Gleason score by prostate biopsy with prostatic cancer(PCa)in prediction of tumor location and analyse related influencing factors of positive surgical margins after radical prostatectomy.Methods The retrospective study recruited 72 patients with PCa who had been diagnosed by trans rectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy,and eventually treated with laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.The correlation of each index were analyzed by statistical software.Results In this study,Kappa test indicated a good agreement that Gleason score between prostate biopsy and radical prostatectomy.Biopsy positive more focused on four peripheral points near the bottom.Biopsy tumor location was not suitable for predicting tumor distribution.Biopsy Gleason score and biopsy positive percentage in biopsy specimen were independent predictors of positive surgical margins.F and L points had good correlation with the positive surgical margins.Conclusion The biopsy Gleason score is a good evidence to pathological grading in patients.These information will lead to positive surgical margins rise possibly:needle biopsy Gleason score exceed 7.25,positive biopsy percentage more than 45% and the location positive biopsy close to prostate apex.

Objective To investigate that whether the immuno-modulatory capacity is intact in myelodysplastic syndrome-refractory anemia (MDS-RA) derived mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) and what are the differences compare with those from normal donors.Methods Isolating MSC from MDS and normal donors respectively and exam their differences on T lymphocyte activation,proliferation and suppression.Results The results showed that the capacity of suppressing T cell proliferation and activation is weakened.Conclusion We propose that MSCs from pathological environment might be abnormal and should not be used for autologous transplantation.

Objective To investigate possible disturbance of Th1/Th2 immunoregulation of blood serum and bladder mucosa in patients with interstitial cystitis(IC). Methods Blood serum and bladder mucosal specimens were collected from 16 female patients with IC and 16 female normal controis.The age of IC patients was 51.3±10.2 years.The age of normal controls was 53.1±9.6years.The expressions of Th1(IFN-γ,IL-2)and Th2 cytokines(IL-4,IL-10)were determined by enIFN-γ and IL-2 in IC blood serum were(4.57±2.92),(17.52±7.52)pg/ml and in normal blood serum were(4.11±2.27),(20.99±5.09)pg/ml.Such two factors had no significant differences in these two groups.The expressions of IL-4 and IL-10 in IC blood serum were(0.34±0.22),(4.37±2.34)pg/ml and in normal blood serum were(O.14±O.07),(1.18±0.61)pg/ml.Such two factors had sighad no significant differences with normal bladder tissues(IFN-γ:χ2＝1.900,IL-2:χ2＝0.514).The expressions of IL-4 and IL-10 in IC bladder tissues had significant differences with normal bladder tiswere(0.16±0.11)and(2.42±1.27)pg/ml but in high PUF group were(0.53±0.12)and(6.31±1.21)pg/ml.The expressions of these two factors had significant correlations with the degree of PUF,which intensified in the IC of high PUF. Conclusion The expression of Th2 type eytokines is predominant in IC blood plasm and bladder tissues,the expression of Th2 type cytokines in IC blood plasm and bladder tissues has positive correlation with the degree of PUF.

AIM　To observe the effect of quateranary ammonium salt derivative (F2) of haloperidol on calcium level in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) isolated from thoracic aortas of rat. METHODS　VSMCs were loaded with Fluo-3-AM, a calcium sensitive fluorescent dye, and ［Ca2+］i was determined by the use of laser scanning confocal microscope (LCSM). RESULTS　In Ca2+ (1.26 mmol*L-1) bath solution, intracellular calcium fluorescent intensity (FI) in VSMCs was increased when application with 30 mmol*L-1 KCl, and then was inhibited after addition with F2. The FI of the ASMCs with different concentrations of F2 (0.1,1,10,100 μmmol*L-1)within three minutes were 64%±9%(n=16, P<0.05),16%±5%(n=20, P<0.01),0.6%±0.8%(n=20, P<0.01),0.1%±0.3%(n=15, P<0.01), respectively. CONCLUSION　F2 could decrease the intracellular Ca2+ level in the VSMCs by blocking the voltage-dependent calcium channel.

According to the latest data from the National Cancer Center of China, prostate cancer (PCa) has become the highest incidence tumors of urinary since 2008, and its incidence and mortality has occupied great attention in the past decades. Therefore, the choice of safe and effective diagnostic method, to detect the occurrence of PCa, is necessary. The way of clinical diagnosis mainly includes digital rectal examination, serum PSA, transrectal ultrasound, MRI spectroscopy imaging, and prostate biopsy, ect. Prostate biopsy is the most reliable diagnosis method and agold standardfor the diagnosis of PCa. The systematic use of the prostate biopsy has greatly improved the diagnosis of PCa. However, there are several prostate biopsy scheme and scholars proposed a variety of programs on the choice of puncture point. It has not yet formed a standard method at this stage. In this study, we will review the development of prostate biopsy and the status recent research to explore application value of different method.

Objective　To investigate the pattern of human neutrophil degranulation mediated by Fc alpha receptors. Methods　IgA immune complexes (IgA IC) and specific monoclonal antibody were used to stimulate neutrophil degranulation. Lactoferrin released by stimulated neutrophils was quantitatively determined. Results　Monoclonal antibody and IgA IC could both induce neutrophil lactoferrin release. However, monoclonal antibody induced rapid and strong degranulation whilst the effect of IgA IC was much weaker. Conclusion　The pattern of neutrophil degranulation induced by IgA IC and monoclonal antibody is different.

Objective To evaluate the effect of intrathecal (IT) NR2B antisense oligonucleotide (aNR2B) on cognitive function in morphine-dependent rats.Methods Male SD rats weighing 230-270 g were used in this study. The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal pentobarbital 60 mg/kg.IT catheter was placed at L3-4 interspace according to the technique described by Yang. Thirty rats in which IT catheter was successfully placed without any complication were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=10 each):control group (group C), morphine dependence group (group MD) and group aNR2B.Morphine dependence was induced in group MD and aNR2B by increasing doses of morphine for 6 days. The initial dose of morphine was 10mg/kg injected subcutaneously (SC) twice a day and was increased by 10 mg/kg.every other day.The final dose was 50mg/kg. Then morphine 30 mg/kg was administered SC once a day for 4 weeks. aNR2B 15 nmol was administered IT at 30 min before SC morphine every day in group aNR2B.In control group normal saline was administered instead of morphine. Morris water maze was used to assess the cognitive function at 0 (T0, baseline),1 and 3 weeks of morphine administration (T1,T2).The escape latency and the number of times the animals crossing the plateform were recorded. The animals were killed after the test and the hippocampus was isolated for determination of choline acetytransferase(ChAT)expression.Results There was no significant difference in the baseline escape latency and the baseline number of times the animals crossing the plateform at T0 among the 3 groups. The escape latency was significantly prolonged and the number of times the animals crossing the plateform decreased at T1 and T2 as compared with the baseline at T0 in group MD.The ChAT expression was significantly down-regulated in group MD as compared with control group. IT aNR2B significantly ameliorated cognitive dysfunction at T1 and T2 and increased ChAT expression in group aNR2B compared with group MD.Conclusion IT NR2B antisense oligonucleotide can attenuate cognitive dysfunction through up-regulation of ChAT expression in hippocampus in morphine-dependent rats.