A total of 1512 adult inhabitants were randomly recruited in Zhaiji district of Guiyang city in September2009.The levels of triglyceride (TG),systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,and the prevalences of abdominal obesity and hypertension increased significantly in the subclinical hypothyroidism group conpared to the euthyroid group (P＜0.05).The prevalences of high TG,low high density lipoprotein-cholesterol,and metabolic syndrome (MS) in the subgroup Ⅳ were higher than the subgroup Ⅰ (P＜0.05).Correlation analysis revealed that TSH was positively related to TG (P＜0.05).Logistic regression demonstrated that TSH was a risk factor for MS.Either in the euthyroid or total subjects serum TSH levels in the MS group were significantly higher than those in non-MS group(P＜0.05).

Objective To explore the association of serum uric acid (UA) with metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components.Methods A total of 1 512 inhabitants aged 20 years old and above in Zhaiji community of Guiyang urban areas were investigated from November 2009 to February 2010 by adopting stratified cluster sampling method (634 males and 878 females).All subjects were asked to fulfill the questionnaires and to measure the height,weight,waist circumstance (WC),and blood pressure ; and to undertake oral glucose tolerance test.Venous blood samples were drawn to measure UA,fasting plasma glucose,2 h postprandial plasma glucose,triglyceride (TG),total cholesterol,high density lipoprotein cholesterol,low density lipoprotein cholesterol,and fasting insulin.Results (1) Age,body mass index (BMI),WC,TG,and blood pressure,and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) increased with UA (all P＜0.05).(2) UA was positively associated with the risk of MS (P＜ 0.05).After adjusting for age,sex,BMI,waist-to-hip ratio (WHR),and HOMA-IR,the risk of MS in individuals with the highest uric acid quartiles was significantly increased compared to those with the lowest quartile (OR =2.86,95 ％ CI 1.70-4.84,P＜0.05),and this finding was especially evident in females (OR=2.80,95％ CI 1.51-5.17,P＜0.05).(3) UA was strongly related to WC (OR =1.76,95％ CI0.95-3.27,P＜0.05),blood pressure (OR =1.66,95 ％ CI 1.13-2.43,P＜0.05),and TG (OR =2.80,95％ CI 1.97-3.96,P＜0.05) after adjustment for age,sex,BMI,WHR,and HOMA-IR.Conclusion The prevalence of MS increased with UA.Higher UA level may be an independent risk factor for MS.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and the risk factors of dyslipidemia in residents aged 40 to 80 years in Guiyang. Methods A total of 10 022 adults (2 694 men and 7 328 women) aged 40 and over were selected from Yunyan community in Guiyang urban area for this population based cross-sectional study. Data were obtained by questionnaire survey, physical examination, fasting blood glucose, and lipid measurements. The association between influential factors and dyslipidemia was analyzed by logistic regression analysis. Results The standardized prevalence of dyslipidemia in residents aged 40 years and over in Guiyang was 46. 9%, with low high-densitylipoproteincholesterol(HDL-C)29.0%,hypertriglyceridemia19.3%,hightotalcholesterol(TC)9.3%, andhighlow-densitylipoproteincholesterol(LDL-C)4.3%. Logisticregressionanalysisindicatedthatage,gender, smoking, and alcohol abuse were the risk factors of high TC and high LDL-C. Abdominal obesity was a main risk factor for both hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL-C. Conclusion The prevalence of dyslipidemia of middle-aged and aged residents in urban districts of Guiyang was on the national average level. Hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL-C were the most common types. Age and abdominal obesity were important risk factors of dyslipidemia.

Objective To explore the relationship between serum thyroid-stimulating hormone ( TSH) and dyslipidemia. Methods A total of 1 512 inhabitants in Zhaiji community of Guiyang urban areas were investigated from November 2009 to February 2010 by adopting stratified cluster sampling method, and 1 428 subjects were included in the present study. All subjects were asked to fulfill the questionnaires and to pass a physical examination. The vein blood samples were taken for determination of serum TSH, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin, as well as blood lipid levels. Results Triglyceride ( TG ) , total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly increased in woman with subclinical hypothyroidism(SCH) compared to those with euthyroid(all P<0. 05). However, there was no significant difference in man between two groups(P>0. 05). The incidences of hypertriglyceridemia in the euthyroid group from quartile 1 toquartile4ofTSHwere33.3%,35.5%,39.7%,and44.0% respectively(P<0.05). SerumTGlevelwas increased with TSH in woman and total subjects after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index ( BMI) , waist-hip ratio (WHR), and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR, P<0. 05). Serum TSH levels in the total sample were positively associated with TG after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, WHR, and HOMA-IR (β=0. 088,P<0. 05). Conclusion Higher serum TSH levels even within normal range seems to be a risk factor of dyslipidemia.

Objective To explore the effects of Yishen Capsule on the soluble endothelium protein C receptor (sEPCR) and P-selectin (CD62P) as well as the serum levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) and complement 3 (C3) in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN). Methods The changes of sEPCR and CD62P levels in plasma as well as Ig and C3 levels in serum were assessed in 40 normal subjects and 78 patients before and after treatment by double-antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, flow cytometry and immunoturbidimetry, respectively. Results Compared with those in normal group before treatment, the levels of sEPCR and CD62P in plasma as well as IgA in serum increased obviously (P<0.01), and the levels of IgG and IgM as well as C3 in serum decreased significantly in CGN patients (P<0.01). After three months' treatment with Yishen Capsule, the levels of sEPCR and CD62P in plasma and IgA in serum decreased significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the levels of IgG and IgM in plasma as well as C3 in serum increased obviously (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion The mechanism of Yishen Capsule's effect in treating patients with CGN may be correlated with decreasing sEPCR and CD62P levels in plasma as well as regulating the levels of Ig in serum and C3.

Objective To explore the relationship between metabolic syndrome(MS) and glomerular filtration rate(GFR).Methods A total of 10 140 adults aged 40 years and older inhabitants in Zhaiji community of Guiyang urban areas were investigated from May 2010 to August 2010 by adopting stratified cluster sampling method.The venous blood sample was drawn for the measurements of serum creatinine(Cr), fasting plasma glucose(FPG), OGTT 2hPG, fasting insulin, triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol(TC), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C), and fasting plasma insulin.The definition of MS in our study was modeled after the Adult Treatment Panel Ⅲ(ATP-Ⅲ).Decreased GFR was defined as an estimated GFR<60 ml·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1.Results The prevalence of GFR less than 60 ml·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1 were 3.0% and 1.2% in participants with and without MS, respectively.The multivariate-adjusted odds ratios[95% confidence interval(CI)] of MS, which were independently associated with decreased GFR, were with elevated blood pressure, higher TG, lower HDL-C, and elevated FPG, their statistically odds ratios were 1.78, 2.96, 1.06, and 1.22, respectively.The prevalence of GFR decreased with the increase of MS components by 0.56%, 1.10%, 1.50%, 2.87%, 3.23%, and the odds ratios were 1.00, 1.57, 1.93, 3.07, and 2.89, respectively.Conclusion With the increase of MS components the risk of GFR decline increased.The occurrence of chronic renal dysfunction(CKD) might integrate multiple different risk factors of MS.

Objective To investigate the change of prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis in Guiyang city after adjustment of salt iodine content, and to study the link between the level of iodine intake and the development of autoimmune thyroiditis. Methods With cluster sampling method, a cross-sectional study was conducted among adults aged 20 years old or above in Guiyang in 2009 (before adjustment, n=1 509) and 2015 (after adjustment, n=1 368). After an overnight fasting, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), and thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) were measured. The serum FT4 and FT3 were determined for the subjects with abnormal TSH. Meanwhile, urine iodine levels of children aged 8-10 years old in the same community were measured after an overnight fasting in these two studies. Results In 2009, the median level of 8-10 years old children′s urinary iodine was 228.7 μg/L. The prevalence of positive TPOAb, positive TgAb, and thyroid autoantibodies (TAAs) were 14.38%, 13.59%, 18.89%, the standardized prevalence were 14.35%, 13.59%, 18.89% respectively. The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism, autoimmune thyroiditis were 14.12% and 4.44%, with the standardized prevalence were 14.12%, 4.42% respectively. In 2015, the median urinary iodine level of 8-10 years old children was 190.1 μg/L, the prevalence of positive TPOAb, positive TgAb, and TAAs were 8.77%, 7.82%, 11.77%, the standardized prevalence were 8.98%, 7.97%, 12.13% respectively; the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism, autoimmune thyroiditis were 22.89%, 2.92%, with the standardized prevalences of 23.19%, 3.02% respectively. Conclusion After adjustment of salt iodine content, the iodine nutrition in Guiyang is at the appropriate level, and the values of TPOAb, TgAb, TAA, and autoimmune thyroiditis in adults of Guiyang city were all decreased.

To investigate the changes of serum ghrelin levels and their relationship with body mass index (BMI) ,waist-to-hip ratio(WHR) ,thyroid function, blood glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance parameters in different thyroid functional status. The fasting serum ghrelin, insulin, glucose, and thyroid hormone levels were determined, BMI, WHR, and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were calculated in 50 hyperthyroid and 30 hypothyroid patients at diagnosis and after normalization of thyroid function. 30 euthyroid subjects served as control. The ghrelin levels in hyperthyroid patients before treatment were lower than that in control group [(63.2±9.6) ng/L vs (80.9±13.9) ng/L,P<0.01]. Multiple regression analysis showed that HOMA-IR was an independent factor related to fasting ghrelin levels (r = -0.314, P = 0. 027). The ghrelin levels were similar in hypothyroid patients and the controls before and after the treatment. It suggests that insulin resistance might be an important factor in regulating serum ghrelin levels in different thyroid functional status.

Objective To evaluate vitamin D status in healthy adults living in Guiyang. Method 1 500 healthy volunteers aged 20-79 years ( mean 45.2 years ) were recruited from a community in Guiyang by cluster sampling method. Questionnaires for living habits and fasting blood samples were collected from November, 2009 to February, 2010. Serum 25 ( OH ) D concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay, using the DiaSorin kit,USA. Results The average serum 25 ( OH ) D level was ( 20. 4±9.0 ) ng/ml. The percentages of vitamin D deficiency [25 ( OH ) D ＜ 20 ng/ml], insufficiency [20 ng/ml ≤ 25 ( OH ) D ＜ 30 ng/ml], and sufficiency [25 ( OH ) D ≥ 30ng/ml] were 52. 3% , 32. 3% , and 15.4% , respectively. The 25 (OH) D concentrations in the young, middle-aged,and elderly were ( 18. 2±9. 2), (22. 8±8. 7), and ( 19. 9±7.8) ng/ml, respectively. The percentages of vitamin D deficiency in these groups were 62. 8%, 40. 2%, and 55.4%, being 61.6% in higher educational group ( ≥ 13 years) and 64. 4% in the group with lower body mass index ( ＜ 18.5 kg/m2 ). Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency is common in Guiyang including all age groups, especially among the youth and the elderly. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level is also influenced by education, age, smoking, and other factors.

Objective To evaluate vitamin D status of the middle and old aged women in the urban area of Guiyang,and to explore the impact of vitamin D status on the bone mineral density.Methods A total of 511 healthy women,aged 40 to 79 years old,living in one of the urban communities in Guiyang,were selected by means of stratified cluster sampling.The levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25 (OH) D] and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) were detected by radioimmunoassay.In addition,the bone mineral density (BMD) of hip,lumbar vertebrae 1-4 (L1-4),and neck of left femur were detected by Dual energy X ray absorptiometry.Results The average serum level of 25(OH)D in all subjects was (21.3 ± 7.9) ng/ml and that of iPFH was (29.3 ± 16.5) pg/ml.Severe deficiency [25 (OH) D＜ 10 ng/ml],deficiency [10 ≤ 25 (OH) D＜20 ng/ml],insufficiency [20 ≤ 25 (OH) D ≤ 30ng/ml],and sufficiency [25 (OH) D＞ 30 ng/ml] of vitamin D were ascertained in 5.3％,42.3％,37.9％,and 14.5％ of the total cases respectively.The morbidity of secondary hyperparathyroidism was 4.7％.The level of 25 (OH) D was positively correlated with the BMD of L1-4 and neck of left femur (both P＜0.01).The level of iPTH was negatively correlated with BMD of neck of left femur and L1-4 (both P＜0.05).Conclusion The majority of middle and old aged women in the urban area of Guiyang city were found to be of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency.Vitamin D status is positively correlated with BMD at lumbar spine and proximal femur.Serum 25 (OH) level below 20 ng/ml is associated with raised parathyroid hormone,which increases the risk of osteoporosis.