Objective To investigate the correlation between the unilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA)stenosis ratio and cerebrovascular reserve(CVR) using computed tomography perfusion (CTP) and CO2 inhalation test in patients with unilateral middle cerebral artery stenosis.Methods CTP were performed in 31 patients who were diagnosed as unilateral middle cerebral stenosis before and after CO2 inhalation.The basal ganglia and radial dimension were selected as interested regions (thickness 8 mm).The value of cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured and the mean CBF values of all interested regions in each MCA territory were harvested separately.Then the CVR of each MCA territory was calculated according to the following formula:CVR =(CBF after CO2 inhalation test-CBF before CO2 inhalation test)/ CBF before CO2 inhalation test × 100％.Patients were divided into two groups:the severe stenosis group and the moderate stenosis group.The association between the MCA stenosis ratio and the CVR values was investigated.Results In 31 patients,different changes of CBF were found in affected MCA territory after CO2 inhalation.CBF increased in 17 cases,unchanged in 2 cases and decreased in 12 cases.A decreased CVR was detected in 51.6％ of the patients(16/31) and more likely found in the severe stenosis group (13/19) than that in the moderate stenosis group(3/12,P =0.029).The degree of stenosis in MCA was also significantly correlated with the changes of CVR(r =0.423,P =0.018).Conclusions CVR is decreased in some patients with unilateral MCA stenosis and significantly correlates with the severity of stenosis in MCA.

Objective: To investigate the expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGF-R) in periapical granuloma.Methods:Immunohistochemical staining was conducted on prepared specimens of 15 cases of human periapical granuloma. Results:The expression of PDGF receptor ? was detected in fibroblasts,capillary endothelial cells,plasmacytes and macrophage cells in all the 15 cases of human periapical granuloma.Conclusion:These results suggested that these cells are the target cells of PDGF, and PDGF may play an important role in the lesion.

To make a systematic analysis on literatures concerning traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) advices in Treatise on Febrile Diseases, and summarize the main connotations of traditional Chinese medicine advices, relevant TCM advices in Treatise on Febrile Diseases were collected, screened, compared, summarized and analyzed according to TCM dosage form preparation methods, TCM administration methods, medication contraindications and nursing after TCM administration. The literatures concerning medications in Treatise on Febrile Diseases were consulted, summarized and compared to standardize medicine advices and facilitate rational clinical application of TCMs. The standard medicine advices were as follows. The boiling water for TCMs shall be tap water and well water. The decoctions that have effects in promoting blood and meridians can be boiled with wine. The decoctions containing toxic components can be boiled with honey. Some TCMs shall be boiled with special methods, e. g. Herba Ephedra that could be boiled before other medicine and skimmed. Japonica rice could be added in decoctions to measure the duration of decoctions. Different dosages were required for different forms (litre, pill, medicine spoon). Administration times, temperature and frequency shall be adjusted according to target positions, functions and stage of illness. As for dietary contraindications during medication, thick porridges are recommended, where foods impacting medicine efficacy are prohibited. Regarding nursing after medication is important to recover physical functions, particularly warm porridges can go with diaphoretic recipes, while thick porridges can go with purgative recipes. And drug efficacies shall be defined by observing urine and excrements, and blood form. In conclusion, Treatise on Febrile Diseases is the first book that discusses TCM advices and records them in details. In this study, new standard medicine advices were proposed to provide important basis for improving clinical advices of TCMs and supports for developing the TCM dispensing technology.
Chin ; Cooking ; Drug Administration Routes ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Drug Interactions ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; history ; Fever ; drug therapy ; history ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature

Objective To study the clinical values of positron emission tomography(PET)in pre-term and term newborn infants through observing neonatal brain by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose(18F-FDG)PET.Methods The brain by 18F-FDG PET in 11 term and 7 pre-term newborn infants after administration of 0.1 mCi /kg 18F-FDG were observed.There were 11 males and 7 females,who were normal by brain computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging.Results The brain 18F-FDG PET image in pre-term and term newborn infants was relatively high in thalamus,and relatively low in cerebral cortex,whereas the total brain was different with adults.Especially in the area of cerebral cortex,the uptake of glucose was relatively higher,and the structure of brain 18F-FDG image was more clear in term infants than that in pre-term infants.Conclusion Neonatal brain picture by 18F-FDG PET is a new tool for predicting the brain function,and its clinical values need further investigating.

Objective To explore the changes of positron emission tomography(PET)in newborn infants with HIE through 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose(18F-FDG)and it's significance.Methods Eleven healthy newborn infants and 8 newborn infants with HIE were selected.Among the healthy newborns,7 cases were male and 4 cases were female,and the mean birth-weight was(3 350?620)g,the gestational age was(37.9?1.3)weeks.Among the HIE neonates,5 cases were male and 3 cases were female,and the mean birth weight was(3 180?390)g,the gestational age was(37.1?2.4)weeks.There were no significant differences of sex and gestational age between the 2 groups.The examination time was form 3 to 21 d,and the mean age was(8.7?3.9)d.PET of the children in 2 groups were observed after 0.1 mCi/kg 18F-FDG injected 30 min.Results The brain 18F-FDG PET image in newborn infants was relatively high in thalamus,and relatively low in cerebral cortex,whereas the total brain was different with that of the adults,and that was not as clear as that of adults.Especially in the area of cerebral cortex,the uptake of glucose was relatively higher.The structure of brain 18F-FDG image was significantly changed in newborn infants with HIE,especially increased in the areas of peripheral ventricle and hypophloeodal cerebral white matter,and there was a remarkably bilateral asymmetry.Conclusions Neonatal brain picture by 18F-FDG PET is a new tool for predicting the brain function,and its clinical values need further investigating.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of internal carotid steal syndrome. Methods The clinical manifestations, CT or MRI, digital subtraction angiography, and blood flow compensation in 6 patients with internal carotid steal syndrome were analyzed. Results Of the 6 patients, 2 had unilateral internal carotid artery stenosis, 4 had severe stenosis (in which 2 were on the left side, 1 was on the right side, and 1 was on both sides). The clinical manifestations of the patients with internal carotid steal syndrome were watershed infarction and transient ischemic attack. Four patients had posterior circulation ischemia and 2 had anterior circulation ischemia. Digital subtraction angiography demonstrated that collateral circulation was established in all the 6 patients. The anterior communicating artery, posterior communicating artery, and pial artery were the common compensatory vessels. Conclusions Internal carotid artery steal syndrome can be presented as anterior or posterior circulation ischemia, and the collateral circulation plays an important role in the compensation.

The aim of this study was to develop the data element standard directory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinical pharmacy information, to provide application standards and models of TCM clinical pharmacy for the electronic medical record (EMR). The developed line of work is as follows: initially establish research through four forms: literature analysis, questionnaires, discussion groups, expert advice. The research range from the Chinese herbal medicine research, herbal origin, harvesting, processing, identification of traits, physical and chemical identification, modern research, character, taste, Indications, clinical application, processing, dispensing medicine, Chinese medicine specifications, usage, dosage, caution, efficacy indications to small packaging applications, drug research, management and other related issues, including traditional Chinese medicine theory, application and hospital management information; according to the general and part 16 content of the national "Health Information Data Element Standards", and the basic method of extracting data element to study and develop the data element of TCM clinical pharmacy information from the defining content. Correspondingly propose the ideas and methods of construction of the "Data Element Standard Directory of TCM Clinical Pharmacy Information", sort out medicine clinical information data element standard catalog, divided into basic categories, clinical application class, management class three parts, and set norms and standards of identifying data elements, definitions, allowable value of traditional Chinese medicine clinical information, and discuss the sources and standards of information collection, leaving the interface, standardized and scientific terminology, docking with the existing standards, maintenance and management program and oter issues.
China ; Data Mining ; methods ; statistics & numerical data ; Database Management Systems ; standards ; statistics & numerical data ; Electronic Health Records ; standards ; statistics & numerical data ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; methods ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Information Dissemination ; methods ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Phytotherapy ; methods ; statistics & numerical data

Through collecting and collating the development process of traditional Chinese medicine dispensing, the development of modern Chinese medicine dispensing on the basis of experience could be promoted. "Heyaofenji", "Hehe", " Heji" in ancient Chinese medicine, herbal medicine literature and law were collected, and then things were sorted out according to traditional Chinese medicine dispensing theory, skills and legal norms. Firstly, "Tang Ye Jing Fa" is the earliest book which marks the rudiment of traditional Chinese medicine dispensing. Secondly, traditional Chinese medicine dispensing theory formed in "Shen Nong's herbal classic". Thirdly, Zhang Zhongjing's "Treatise on Febrile Diseases" marked the formation of Chinese medicine dispensing skills. Lastly, Provisions in Tang Dynasty law marks the development of traditional Chinese medicine dispensing.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; education ; history ; legislation & jurisprudence ; methods ; China ; Dosage Forms ; Drug Compounding ; history ; methods ; Drug and Narcotic Control ; history ; legislation & jurisprudence ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; History, Ancient ; Medicine in Literature ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; history ; methods

Objective To study the role and clinical significance of chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the occurrence and development of renal cell carcinoma. Methods Expression of CXCR4 and VEGF were detected by SP immunohistochemical technique in 56 cases of kidney carcinoma tissues (including 20 cases of lymph node metastasis), 10 normal tissues nearby kidney cancer. Results The positive rates of CXCR4 and VEGF were 66. 1% (37/56) and 73. 2% (41/56),which were significantly higher than those in normal tissues( 20. 0% (2/10) and 30. 0% (3/10), respectively) (P ＜ 0. 05 ＝. The expression of CXCR4 protein was significantly positively correlated with that of VEGF protein (r = 0. 315 ,P ＜ 0.05 ＝ in renal cell carcinoma. The expression of CXCR4 and VEGF was closely related to stages of tumor ( χ2 = 9. 520, P = 0. 023; χ2 = 9. 072, P = 0. 027 ), lymphatic metastasis, degree of invasion ( χ2 =4. 972, P = 0. 026; χ2 = 3.910, P = 0. 034 ), and microvessel density ( MVD) ( P ＜ 0. 05 ＝. However, they were not related to sex ( χ2 = 0. 020, P= 0. 887; χ2 = 0. 001, P = 0. 716 ), tumor size ( χ2 = 0. 003, P = 0. 995; χ2 =0. 108, P = 0. 990) and pathologic types ( χ2 = 1. 960, P = 0. 900; χ2 = 0. 112, P = 0. 994). Conclusion There is a significant positive correlation between high expressions of CXCR4 and VEGF proteins in renal cell carcinoma,the high expressions of CXCR4 and VEGF proteins may be related to the metastasis and prognosis of renal cell carcinoma,thus they could be used as important indicators in judging the metastasis prognosis of renal cell carcinoma,and offer prospects for the treatment of renal cell carcinona.

Objective To assess the clinical efficacy of a modified complete retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephroureterectomy via 3 port approach.Methods From August 2013 to February 2016,23 patients with complete retroperitoneal laparoscopic renal and ureteral sleeve resection were treated with modified three port approach,including 15 males and 8 females.The average age was 67 years old (ranging 44-83 years old).All patients had complained about the hematuria before operation and urine exfoliated cells showed moderate to severe nuclear atypia.All patients accepted the abdominal CT and urography CTU examination,pre-operatively.All of them was diagnosed localized upper urinary tract malignant tumors based on those images,including 13 cases in the pelvis,and 10 cases in the upper segment of the ureter.No chemotherapy,radiotherapy or immunotherapy was performed before surgery.No patients have the history of severe basic disease or upper urinary procedure.The operations were performed under general anesthesia,patients take the contralateral back 30 degrees slope,low elevation head foot,waist bridge,side waist stretch.In the anterior superior iliac spine perpendicular to the line 2 cm parallel to the lower intersection of the rib border were disposed into the 12 mm trocar.Above the anterior superior iliac spine two cross finger level with the intersection of the anterior axillary node,we placed into the 10 mm trocar placement lens.Laparoscopic placement of third casing form an isosceles triangle with the first two casing.The renal fascia was incised with an ultrasonic knife from the renal dorsal side,and the renal hilum was isolated from the kidney by suction aspirator.The renal artery and vein were separated and closed by hem-o-lok.Along the psoas muscle surface to ureter,ureteral clipping by hem-o-lok but not to cut off the free distal ureteral,the lens is composed of first casing into,using ultrasonic knife to free ureter to the bladder wall segment,with 30 mm endoscopic stapler ureter and bladder wall cut off part.Operation time,blood loss and postoperative recovery were recorded in 23 cases.Results All 23 cases were successfully operated without related the operative complication.The operative duration ranged from 3.5 to 6.1 h (mean 4.8 h),the blood loss was 30-880 ml (mean 304 ml),and the postoperative stay was 8-30 d (mean 17.8 d).There are 3 cases of positive lymph node by postoperative pathological reports.Within 2 to 30 months following up,2 patients died of tumor progression in 6 months after surgery.4 patients were diagnosed with bladder cancer in 15 months,15 months,21 months,24 months after surgery,respectively.And the transurethral resection of bladder tumor was performed.Conclusion The modified complete retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephroureterectomy via three ports is safe and reliable.