Asthma ; physiopathology ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Maximal Expiratory Flow-Volume Curves ; Oscillometry ; methods ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; physiopathology ; Respiratory Function Tests

This paper reports 17 cases of hypomagnesemic convulsiens of the newhorn that were admitted from Se-Ptember 1981 to January 1983. Only 2 patients were breast-fed.Symptoms and signs of hypomagnesemia are indistinguishable from these of hypocalcemia unless the serum magne-sium is determ ined. Serum magnes iumlevels had been determined in 50 normal children. The average value-2 standard deviation=2.17-2?0.34=1.49mEq/L.We defined hypomagnesemia as the serum magnesium lcvels below 1.48mEg/L. The serum magnesium levels of 17 patients varied from 0.65 to 1.46m Eq/L. Of 10 cases serum calcium le-vel6mg/dl.2.5%MgSO_4 was given intraveno-usly by continuous infusion in a dose of 2-4ml/kg every 12 hours. After the convulsions had been controlled a dose of 25% MgSO_4 was given intramuscul-arly in a dose of 0.4ml/kg twice daily Convulsions usually ceased after 1--4doses of MgSO_4, but the serum magne-sium levels did not rise to normal le-vels until 2-6 days. The convulsions could not be controlled by repeated ad-ministrations of calcium gluconate in 5 patients who had both hypomagnes-emja and hypocalcemia. Only after theadministiation of MgSO_4 did the serum calicum levels rise to the normal level and the convulsions cease.Electrocardjograms recorded in 7 patients all were abnormal but 1 case,so we should pay attention to the inf-luence of magnesium upon the heart.

Objective: To investigate applicability for Boston naming test (30 items) (BNT) in Chinese elderly and identify effect for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's dementia(AD) using BNT. Methods:100 normal elderly, 38 amnesic MCI, 34 mild AD and 38 moderate AD were evaluated by neuropsychological tests (include BNT, mini mental state examination and auditory verbal memory test, etc). MMSE total score of 4 groups were 28.4?1.5, 26.1?2.6, 20.7?1.7, and 15.6?3.3, respectively. Results: Age, sex, level of education were found to be significant factors affecting overall scores of spontaneous naming in normal elderly group. Spontaneous naming score for participants of elementary, high school and college groups were 22.2?3.3, 25.5?2.5 and 26.3?1.8, respectively. Scoring of male participants higher than that of females. Spontaneous naming score of 4 groups were 24.9?3.0, 20.9?3.6, 18.7?4.0 and 15.7?4.2, respectively. As cut-off ≤22 score of spontaneous naming of BNT, the sensitivities for MCI, mild AD and moderate AD were 61%, 79% and 95% respectively; the specificities were all around 81%. Selective impairment of unfamiliar items occurred MCI and mild AD and hold of familiar item across diagnostic groups. Semantic cue naming and recognition ability by BNT showed there was progressive damage in AD patients, but less than that of spontaneous naming of BNT. Conclusion: The ability of naming is influenced by age, gender and educational level. Patients with MCI or mild AD have impairment in naming.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of auditory verbal memory impairment in mild Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI).Methods Auditory verbal memory test was performed in 72 patients with MCI,45 patients with mild AD,and 62 normal controls.Results Significant intergroup differences were found in total former five free recall and learning scores,The MCI subjects( 16.4?5.5,2.6?1.7)performed significantly more poorly than the normal control subjects(NC) (30.2?5.6,3.4?1.9),and mild AD categories (9.8?4.1,2.0?1.2) showed lower results than the MCI subjects(t=2.26,P

Objective Toinvestigatethepossibilityandquantitativerangeofpepsinogen(PG)usedas the screening marker of gastric cancer by detecting serum pepsinogen level in different gastric mucous pathologic status.Method ThelevelofserumpepsinogenⅠ(PGⅠ)andpepsinogenⅡ(PGⅡ)bytimeresolvedfluoro-immunoassay(TRFIA)in 64 chronic atrophic gastritis patients,63 gastric mucous atypical hyperplasia patients, 67 gastric cancer patients and 20 healthy volunteers were defeeted ,and the ratio of PGR(PGⅠ/PGⅡ)was calculated.Then the three kinds of diseases were graded.The data was analyzed between groups and sub-groups.Result ①Compared with normal control group,the median PGⅠvalues were 1 24.01 ,91 .23 and 71 .23 respectively,which were all lower than that of healthy group (1 52.00).There were significant differ-ences(Z=-2.52,P=0.01 7 0;Z=-3.42,P=0.001 4;Z=-3.57,P=0.000 9).The median PGR values were 7.61 ,5.21 and 4.32 respectively,which were also lower than that of healthy group,the differences were significant(Z=-2.98,P=0.002 9;Z=-3.1 7,P=0.000 2;Z=-2.89,P=0.000 1 ).The PGⅡlevel of these diseases were not significantly different with control group.②The serum PGⅠlevel of gastric mucous atypical hyperplasia and gastric cancer were reduced significantly in contrast with atrophic gastritis (Z =-3.42,P =0.001 4;Z=-3.62,P=0.000 9);the levels of PGⅡand PGR were varied without significance (P>0.05 );③The levels of PGⅠamong atrophy gastritis and gastric cancer subgroup have no significant difference(χ2 =2.86,P=0.41 4 3;χ2 =1 .67,P=0.1 36 8).But the level of PGⅠwas significantly different in gastric atypical hyperplasia(χ2 =0.83,P=0.043 0).It decreased in light and medium grade dysplasia and went up in severe grade dysplasia.The levels of PGⅡ and PGR were varied without significance(P>0.05).④The areas under the ROC curves performed by the PGⅠ and PGR from normal control group and atypical hyperplasia group were 0.782 and 0.831 respectively;The sensitivity and specificity of PGⅠ≤72.1 2 μg/L and PGR≤4.32 for gastric dysplasia were 89.48%and 76.31%respectively.Conclusion ①The level of PGⅠand PGR were decreased along with the seriousness of gastric pathological changes and probably regarded as the screening markers of gastric mucous malignant transformation.②Serum pepsinogen level is closely correlated with gastric precancerous lesion,PGI≤72.1 2 μg/L and PGR≤4.32 has better specificity and sensitivity for gastric atypical hyperplasia in this area.

This study aimed at investigating the utilization of TCM services and exploring the influencing factors,such as education,economic condition,health condition,attitude to TCM treatment and TCM health literacy,of TCM treatment-seeking behavior in the elders in Zhejiang Province.In this study,a cross-sectional study with stratified sampling was adopted for the further investigation of the elders over 55 years by questionnaire.The questionnaire contained four aspects:1.demographic information:gender,age,education,pension mode,medicare and self-evaluation of economic level;2.health status:self-evaluation of health and current diseases;3.attitude to TCM treatment:Would you accept the TCM health services? 4.health literacy:self-made KAB questionnaire including health knowledge,attitude and behavior.Nine hundred and fifty questionnaires were issued and 945 valid questionnaires were returned.Among them,four hundred and eighty-four cases were male and 461 were female.The average age was 72.0 ± 8.9 years with a low level of education,mainly junior high school or lower (88.3％).Over the past year,only 50.11％ elders sought for TCM treatment.Generally speaking,age,gender,education,pension mode and health behavior showed no significant association with TCM treatment.The elders seeking for TCM treatment over the past year held favorable attitude to TCM treatment and high economic status,yet,with poor health status,high prevalence and health literacy (or health attitudes).It was concluded that the utilization rate of TCM services in the elders in Zhejiang Province was not optimist,probably resulting from the lack of publicity and market competitiveness of TCM.Therefore,TCM services should be promoted to meet the health needs of the elders and enhance the utilization rate of TCM services for the achievement of a significant role in the aging society in China.

AIMTo investigate the extent of systemic absorption and uptake of meptazinol (MEP) hydrochloride in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after intranasal administration on rats and compare with oral administration.

METHODSCSF samples were collected by a serial sampling method. The concentration of MEP in the biological samples was measured by HPLC with fluorescence detector.

RESULTSRapid and significant levels of MEP in plasma and CSF can be achieved after nasal administration whereas the oral administration resulted in considerably lower drug concentrations. AUC in plasma and CSF from the nasal route are 7.375 and 15.6 folds compared with those of the oral route, respectively.

CONCLUSIONIntranasal MEP is able to show quick absorption and improve the bioavailability, which could be a promising alternative to oral administration.

Administration, Intranasal ; Administration, Oral ; Analgesics, Opioid ; administration & dosage ; blood ; cerebrospinal fluid ; pharmacokinetics ; Animals ; Area Under Curve ; Biological Availability ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Male ; Meptazinol ; administration & dosage ; blood ; cerebrospinal fluid ; pharmacokinetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To explore the relationship between behavioral psychological symptoms in Alzheimer' s dementia(AD) patients and region-specific alterations in cerebral blood flow. Methods 60 patients with AD randomly selected from a psychiatric outpatient department and 30 randomly selected healthy elderly community controls were administered the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE). All subjects underwent a perfusion CT scan to assess blood perfusion in brain regions of interest. The AD subjects were administered the behavioral patholigy in alzheimer' s disease(BEHAVE-AD) Rating Scale classified as mild, moderate or severe based on the results of the Clinical Dementia Rating scale. Results The most incidence was conduct disorder and the next was delusion.The score was 81.7% and 58.3% in turn. The conduct disorder score was higher in the severe demented group than in the mildly and moderate demented group(P＜0. 05). The delusion score was higher in the moderate demented group than that in the mildly demented group(P＜0.05). The time to peak(TTP)scores in the four groups of subjects were significantly different in the bilateral hippocampal formation, anteroinferior subiculum and entorhinal area. The TTP score was significantly higher in the moderately demented group than that in the mildly demented group and the control group(P＜0. 05 ). Correlation analysis identified a positive correlation between conduct disorder, delusions and TTP in cerebral heteroplasia cortex (P ＜ 0. 05 ), also identified a negative correlation between mood disorder and TTP(P＜0. 05 ). Conclusion The conduct disorder,delusions and mood disorder in AD are associated with the chronicity ischemia of cerebral heteroplasia cortex leading to neural conduction disorders.

This study was aimed to establish a stable animal model of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) to provide theoretical and experimental basis for understanding the development of LVH. The abdominal aorta of male Wistar rats (80-100 g) was constricted to a diameter of 0.55 mm between the branches of the celiac and anterior mesenteric arteries. Echocardiography using a linear phased array probe was performed as well as pathological examination and plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) measurement at 3, 4 and 6 weeks after abdominal aortic constriction (AAC). The results showed that the acute mortality rate (within 24 h) of this modified rat model was 8%. Animals who underwent AAC demonstrated significantly increased interventricular septal (IVS), LV posterior wall (LVPWd), LV mass index (LVMI), cross-sectional area (CSA) of myocytes, and perivascular fibrosis; the ejection fraction (EF), fractional shortening (FS), and cardiac output (CO) were consistently lower at each time point after AAC. Notably, differences in these parameters between AAC group and sham group were significant by 3 weeks and reached peaks at 4th week. Following AAC, the plasma BNP was gradually elevated compared with the sham group at 3rd and 6th week. It was concluded that this modified AAC model can develop LVH, both stably and safely, by week four post-surgery; echocardiography is able to assess changes in chamber dimensions and systolic properties accurately in rats with LVH.

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to optimize polysaccharides extraction from Urena lobata L.and investigate its antioxidant activity.METHODS The mathematical model was established by re-sponse surface method (RSM) based on the results of single factor experiments, using polysaccha-rides extraction rate as response value,and using the ratio of water to material,cellulase concentra-tion,extraction temperature and time as experimental factors,which was used to screen optimum poly-saccharide extraction conditions from Urena lobata L.. Antioxidant activity of polysaccharides was stud-ied by DPPH and ·OH free radical elimination method. RESULTS The optimum conditions obtained by RSM were as follows:the cellulase level was 10.8 g·L-1,extraction time duration was 72 min,the ra-tio of water to feedstock was 7 mL·g-1,extraction temperature was 43℃,the pH value was 5.0.Under the optimal conditions, there was a difference of less than 5％ between predicted extraction rate 13.37％ and experimental extraction rate 13.32％. The polysaccharide yield was most significantly af-fected by cellulase concentration,followed by extraction time,water to material ratio and extraction tem-perature.IC50of DPPH and·OH were 1.082 g·L-1and 3.202 mg·L-1,respectively.Antioxidant activity of sample polysaccharides was weaker than those of vitamin C. CONCLUSION The polysaccharide extraction process from Urena lobata L. by cellulase enzymolysis approach was obtained, which was convenient and feasible,and extracted polysaccharides had good free radical scavenging activity.