Objective To study the changes of the semen quality and the spermatogoa ultrastructure in uremic patients before and after renal transplantation. Methods The semen was analyzed and spermatogoa were investigated under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in 8 patients before and after renal transplantation and 5 normal volunteers. Results In uremic patients, there was significant decreases in sperm motility, survival rate and sperm density. Under SEM, the deletion of the acrosome, distinct vacuoligation in the nucleus, deficiency of the postacromal and postnuclear ring and ~absence of the middle segment of mitochondrial sheath were found. After renal transplantation, the semen main parameters were significantly improved (P

Objective To investigate the effects of overexpression of Mash-1 gene on functional recovery and neural differentiation of embryonic stem cells in spinal cord injury mice. Methods CE3 cell line with overexpression of Mash-1 gene was generated with murine stem cell virus. Spinal cord injury model was established with forceps compression in 4-week-old KM mice. Normal saline (model group, n=12), CE3 cells with or without overexpression Mash-1 gene (CE3-Mash-1 and CE3 groups, n=12 respectively) were transplanted into the ar-eas of injury 3 days after injury. They were assessed with the Basso Mouse Scale (BMS) 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after injury. 6 mice from each group were sacrificed 14 and 28 days after injury respectively. The spinal cord area remained were observed with HE stained, and the expression of Oct3/4, nestin,β-tubulin III and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were detected with immunofluorescence in the injured spinal cord in the CE3 and CE3-Mash-1 groups. Results The score of BMS significantly improved in CE3 and CE3-Mash-1 groups com-pared with that of the model group (F>84.471, P<0.05), with the more area of spinal cord remained (F>49.990, P<0.05). There were less Oct3/4 positive cells in the CE3-Mash-1 group than CE3 group (t=5.439, P<0.001), with more nestin (t=-7.536, P<0.001) andβ-tubulin III (t=-9.941, P<0.001) positive cells. However, there was no significant difference in GFAP positive cells between CE3-Mash-1 and CE3 groups (t=1.701, P>0.05). Conclusion Overexpression of Mash-1 gene promotes CE3 cells to differentiate into neurons in spinal cord injury mice, and improve the motor function recovery.

Tagetes L.,the genus in the family Asteraceae,consists of about 30 species spread in South and Middle America as well as Mexico.More than one hundred secondary metabolites have been obtained in phytochemical investigation on the species,some of which have potent biological activities.The advances in phytochemical studies and biological activities of the plants in Tagetes L.from 1925 to 2011 are summarized in this paper.

Objectives: The survivors of first-ever stroke are at a high risk of recurrent stroke. The time interval between first-ever stroke and first recurrence of stroke, however, have not been well studied. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the time interval between first-ever and first recurrence of stroke and the risk factors of stroke that were related to the length of time interval. Methods: Patients admitted in our hospitals during 2014 with first recurrence of stroke were included in the study. A total of 377 patients were enrolled and a standardized questionnaire was used to collect data in this retrospective study. Results: The mean time interval among all the subjects was 58.42 months (median, 36.01 months; range 0.16months to 455.98months). The mean time interval was shorter in hemorrhagic stroke group (56.78 months) than in ischemic stroke group (58.75 months), but the difference was not significant (p=0.819). The median of time interval was similar in the two groups. The associated risk factors to the length of time interval were age over 60 years, subtype of first-ever stroke, the length of history of hypertension. Age was the only associated risk factor to the time interval among patients with first recurrence of hemorrhagic stroke. Conclusion: Factors associated with the time interval are different among different types of recurrent stroke. This provides the basis for preventive treatment for recurrent stroke after their first-ever stroke
Stroke

Objective To study the clinicopathological characteristics of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) in Chinese population with different criteria and guidelines. Methods Twenty four families fulfilling Amsterdam Criteria (AC), 15 additional families fulfilling Japanese Criteria (JC) and the remaining 19 patients fitting Bethesda Guidelines (BG) were analyzed. Results In the 24 AC families there were 116 malignant tumor patients including 90 colorectal cancer (CRC) subjects and in the 15 JC families there were 54 malignant tumor patients including 33 CRC cases. The two groups displayed similar clinical features. Mean age of first CRC at diagnosis was 46.1 and 51.4 years old, respectively. The proximal colonic cancers accounted for 55.4% versus 44.8%. Synchronous and metachronous multiple CRCs occurred in 25.6% and 18.2% of patients respectively. Totally there were 55 extracolonic tumors in the two groups. Gastric and endometrial carcinomas were two most common extracolonic tumor types in our series. The tumors of the 34 probands showed more frequent exophytic growth pattern, higher occurance of poorly differentiated carcinoma, A / B Dukes stage and more Crohn's like lymphoid reaction ( P

Objective To investigate the possible correlation between the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 ( MCP-1 ) gene A-2518G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in the promoter region and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in Chinese Han ethnic population of Sunan region,Methods This study was conducted with a case-control design in 484 ACS patients including 290 acute myocardial infarction (AMI)patients and 194 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP) and 346 control subjects ruled out coronary disease by coronary angiography (control group),including 166 patients with coronary atherosclerosis and 180 subjects without coronary stenosis.Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used for the detection of the A-2518G polymorphism in MCP-1 gene,and then thefrequency of genetype was statistically analyzed.Results There were AA,AG and GG genotypes of MCP-1 gene A-2518G polymorphism in the ACS group and control group.The two groups could be considered as a genetic equilibrium representative by Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium ( P ＞ 0.05 ).Compared with the control group,the frequencies of AA genotype ( 15.32％ vs.16.12％ ),AG genotype (53.47％ vs.51.86％ ),GG genotype (31.21％ vs.32.02％ ) and G allele genotype (57.95％ vs.57.95％ ) in ACS group were not significantly different ( P was 0.083,0.673,0.821 and 1.00,respectively).Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that there was no significant correlation between MCP-1 gene A-2518G polymorphism and ACS regardless of differences in gender,age,smoking,diabetes,TG and LDL-C ( P ＞0.05 ).There was no significant difference in gender and age of ACS onset between two groups ( P ＞ 0.05).There were no significant differences in the frequencies of AA,AG and GG genotypes and G allele genotype among AMI group,UAP group and normal coronary group ( P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The data shows that MCP-1 gene A-2518G polymorphism is not associated with the risk of ACS in the Chinese Han ethnic population living in Sunan region.

AIMTo study the protection of casein and protamine against degradation of insulin (INS) by proteolysis enzymes and the effect of these two kinds of protein on the hypoglycemic action of INS solution and enteric-microspheres after administrated orally to rats.

METHODSHPLC was used to determine the remained INS in the solution of alpha-chymotrypsin and trypsin with or without casein or protamine; INS solution and enteric-microspheres were prepared and adiministrated orally to rats together with the absorption enhancer sodium N-[8-(2-hydroxybenzoyl) amino] caprylate (SNAC). At the same time, casein or protamine or both of these two kinds of protein were administrated together in order to study their influence on the hypoglycemic effect of INS and microspheres.

RESULTSCasein had a good protection against degradation of INS by alpha-chymotrypsin, but protamine had no protection effect. However, the degradation of INS by trypsin is concerned, the protection effect of protamine on INS was better that of casein. Both of protamine and casein can increase the hypoglycemic effect of INS solution and enteric-microspheres. Co-administrated these two kinds of protein had a better effect. In addition, co-administrated with SNAC, casein and protamine, INS enteric-microspheres had a longer and more potent hypoglycemic effect than that of the solution.

CONCLUSIONCasein and protamine can increase the stability of INS in the intestinal fluid by the mechanism of competition and combine with proteolysis enzymes, which will benefit to INS oral administration.

Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Caprylates ; Caseins ; pharmacology ; Chymotrypsin ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Insulin ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Microspheres ; Protamines ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Solutions ; Trypsin ; pharmacology

Objective To observe the biological activities of human doppel(Dpl) protein transiently expressed and Dpl-like protein PrP?32-121 on a human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y.Methods Recombinant mammalian expression plasmids containing human PRND gene and truncated PrP?32-121 fragment were generated by PCR.The expression and location of Dpl and PrP?32-121 post-transfection were observed by IFA.The cytotoxicity was measured by MTT analysis.Cellular apoptosis was investigated by flow cytometry and Western blot.Results Both Dpl and PrP?32-121 protein were expressed and mainly located on the cell membrane.Remarkable cytotoxicity was detected on SH-SY5Y cells after 24 h transfection.Meanwhile,more Annexin V/PI positively-stained cells as well as lower levels of cellular pro-caspase-3 and Bel-2 were detected in the cells receiving Dpl and PrP?32-121 expressing plasmids.Conclusion Dpl protein transiently expressed and PrP?32-121 can lead to the similar neural cytotoxicity,probably triggering the cell apoptosis program.

Objective To elucidate the effects of different modes of partial parenteral nutrition (PPN)on immunological function of T-lymphocyte in non small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)patients during chemotherapy.Methods Ninety-three patients with non-small cell lung cancer were randomly divided into three groups:the control group(30 patients),the low dose of PPN(32 patients) and the high dose of NNP(31 patients).Exactly the same chemotherapy was applied to each of three groups.During chemotherapy,three groups were supplied the same diet,the control group received conventional treatment;the low dose group and the high dose group received additional parenteral nutritional support besides diet.The low dose group was given 250 ml 9-AA daily and the high dose group was given 500 ml 9-AA daily.The T lymphocyte subsets CD3~+,CD3~++CD4~+ ,CD3~++CD8~+ and cells were detected respectively before and after chemotherapy.Results In all of the three groups,the percentage of NK cells,CD3~+ and CD3~++CD4~+ cells were decreased significantly before and after chemotherapy(all P＜0.05),In the control and low dose groups,NK cells changed more significantly after chemotherapy(P＜0.01).The percentages of CD3~+,CD3~++CD4~+,CD3~++ CD4~+/CD3~++CD8~+ of the low dose group and high dose group were higher than those of the control group before and after chemotherapy(all P＜0.05),the percentage of CD3~++CD8~+,CD3~++CD4~+/ CD3~++CD8~+ of the low dose group and hight dose group did not change notably(all P＞0.05). Conclusions The chemotherapy on patients with NSCLC will possibly cause malnutrition and immunosuppression.The benefits of giving 9-AA to NSCLC patients who were applying PPN and undergoing chemotherapy may include antagonizing immunological function aggravation,improving nutrition status and improving immunological functions of the T lymphocytes during chemotherapy.

Objective To observe the biological activities of human doppel (Dpl) protein transiently expressed and Dpl-like protein PrPΔ32-121 on a human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. Methods Recombinant mammalian expression plasmids containing human PRND gene and truncated PrPΔ32-121 fragment were generated by PCR. The expression and location of Dpl and PrPΔ32-121 post-transfection were observed by IFA. The cytotoxicity was measured by MTT analysis. Cellular apoptosis was investigated by flow cytometry and Western blot. Results Both Dpl and PrPΔ32-121 protein were expressed and mainly located on the cell membrane. Remarkable cytotoxicity was detected on SH-SY5Y cells after 24 h transfection. Meanwhile, more Annexin V/PI positively-stained cells as well as lower levels of cellular pro-caspase-3 and Bel-2 were detected in the cells receiving Dpl and PrPΔ32-121 expressing plasmids. Conclusion Dpl protein transiently expressed and PrPΔ32-121 can lead to the similar neural cytotoxicity, probably triggering the cell apoptosis program.