Adenocarcinoma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Cholecystectomy ; methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gallbladder Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

Due to its exquisite sensitivity, excellent molecular specificity and reduced photobleaching, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy has wide potential applications in the fields of food and drug analysis, environmental monitoring and biological detection. However, SERS is only a qualitative or semi-quantitative detection technique at the present stage, and has not yet been widely recognized as a routine quantitative technique. This review discusses the pros and cons of the quantitative surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic techniques developed so far in the literature, and looks forward to the future trend in this field.

OBJECTIVETo explore the scavenging action of tenuigenin (TEN) on intracerebral amyloid β protein (Aβ) aggregation and the abnormal phosphorylated tau protein and its mechanism in Alzheimer's disease (AD) rats' brain.

METHODSAβ1-40 was injected into the right CA1 region hippocampus to establish the AD model. Successfully modeled rats were divided into the model group, the low, middle, high TEN group. Rats were administered with TEN (18.5, 37.0, 74.0 mg/kg) by gastrogavage. Besides, a sham-operation group was set up. Expression levels of Aβ1-40 and Tau p-Ser262 were detected by immunohistochemistry. Expression levels of ubiquitin (Ub) and Ub-protein ligase E3 were measured by Western blotting.The content of 26S proteasome was detected by ELISA.

RESULTSImmunohistochemical results showed that the number of Aβ and Tau p-Ser262 positively reacted neurons significantly increased in model group, when compared with the sham-operation group (P < 0.01). Results of Western blot showed expression levels of ubiquitinated protein were up-regulated and those of Ub-protein ligase E3 were down-regulated in the model group (P < 0.01). ELISA results showed that the content of 26S proteasome significantly decreased in AD rats' brain (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, expression levels of Aβ1-40, Tau p-Ser262, and Ub significantly decreased; expression levels of Ub-protein ligase E3 apparently increased; the content of 26S proteasome significantly increased in each TEN treatment group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Best effect was shown in 37.0 mg/kg and 74.0 mg/kg TEN groups.

CONCLUSIONSUb proteasome pathway (UPP) participated in the occurrence of AD. TEN could obviously reduce intracere- bral Aβ1-40 accumulation and abnormal tau phosphorylation.

Alzheimer Disease ; metabolism ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; Neurons ; metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; metabolism ; Rats ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases ; metabolism ; Ubiquitins

Animals ; Galanin ; administration & dosage ; antagonists & inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Peptide Fragments ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Objective To study the clinical value of mammography and ultrasound needle localization biopsy technique in clinical nonpalpable breast disease.Methods 148 patients with negative clinical palpation were operated only because of the mammography or ultrasound findings of lesions.They were undergone localized excision biopsy and derived definite pathological diagnosis.By histopathology diagnosis,benign and malignant lesions,lesion size,complete resection rate were statistically analyzed.Results 21 cases in 148 cases were malignant lesions(14.2％),which were all early breast cancer.The other 127 cases were benign breast disease(85.8％).147 cases were successfully resected at the first time and 1 case was successfully resected at the second time.Conclusion Mammography and Ultrasound fine needle localized biopsy in nonpalpable breast disease diagnosis and treatment has great significance,which can raise early diagnosis rate of breast cancer without mass,and this method is simple and easy for promotion.

Objective To explore causes of complications after endovenous laser treatment (EVLT) , for patients with superficial varicosities of the lower extremities. Methods In this study, 207 patients with a total of 268 lower limbs were treated by EVLT combined with surgical procedures. According to CEAP classification, there were C2 in 268 limbs, C3 in 56 limbs, C4 in 101, C5 in 23 and C6 in 18. Simple EVLT was performed for 25 limbs in 21 patients; EVLT combined with external banding valvuloplasty of superficial femoral vein for 23 limbs in 23 patients; EVLT combined with ligation of great saphenous vein (CSV) and denudation of superficial varicosities for 220 limbs in 163 patients. Results An average of 10?5 (3-24) months of follow up was achieved in 175 cases. Early complications (within the first 2-weeks after operation) included bruising or ecchymosis (178 cases, 66.42%) and skin burning (56, 20.90% ). Three month complication included painful induration or trabs (235 cases, 87. 69% ) as well as thrombophlebitis (28, 10. 45% ). Long-term complication (after 3 months) included skin numbness or pain at medial knee or ankle region (15,5. 60% ). Recanalization of CSV occurred in 4( 1. 49% ) treated limbs. Residual or reoccurred varicose veins were found in 13(4. 85% ) cases. Movement related swelling appeared in 6(2. 24% ) lower limbs. Conclusion EVLT is effective for patients with superficial varicosities of the lower extremities. Minor complications most often subsided within 3 months. Strict surgical protocol and high ligation of the GSV could prevent local recurrence of the varicose veins and the recanalization of GSV.

Consensus Development Conferences as Topic ; Endoscopy ; Europe ; Humans ; Nose Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Skull Base Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; surgery

Objective To explore the relationship between thoracolumbar disc herniation (TLDH) and Scheuermann1's disease (SD),as well as the role of SD in the etiology of TLDH.Methods From June 2006 to June 2010,45 patients with TLDH (T10-11-L2-3) underwent surgery in our department.Forty-five patients with lower lumbar disc herniation (LDH,L3-4-L5S1) acted as controls.The incidence of SD and Scheuermann's signs of these patients were examined by reviewing CT,MRI and Ⅹ-ray films.The thoracolumbar kyphotic angles of the two groups were compared.Furthermore,in TLDH group,the incidence of disk herniation within segments with the Scheuermann's signs was compared to that within segments without Scheuermann's signs.Results All except one patient in TLDH group(97.8%) had been associated SD while the incidence of SD in LDH group was only 26.7%.The incidence of all Scheuennann's signs was higher in TLDH group than that in LDH group.The average thoracolumbar kyphotic angle of TLDH group was 15.8°±6.9° while that of LDH group was 4.8°±4.0°.In TLDH group,the incidence of disc herniation within segments with Scheuermann's signs was all higher than that within segments without Scheuermann's signs.Conclusion There is a close relationship between TLDH and SD,suggesting that TLDH is probably a manifestation of SD.Schmorl's node,irregular end plate,wedge-shaped vertebra and especially,posterior bony edge separation,are associated with disc herniation.

Objective To analyze the CT manifestations of mesenteric panniculitis,so that to improve CT diagnosis of mesenteric panniculitis.Methods Seven patients with mesenteric panniculitis,which were diagnosed according to the CT criteria,were analyzed.Results The fatty masses with defined margins and around the root of the jejunum were found in all patients at CT scan,and there were no enhancement after administration of contrast medium.The masses were sharply defined with abdominal and retroperitoneal fat.There were pseudo-capsule in 7, "arcus adiposus sign" in 5. Enlargement of lymph nodes in the masses and retroperitoneum in 2 cases were seen,respectively.4 patients had abdominal operations,one patient was in combination with carcinoma of head of pancrease.Conclusion Certain features of the CT manifestations of mesenteric panniculitis can be found,CT is effective for the diagnosis of mesenteric panniculitis.

Objective:To observe the effect of breathing andDaoyin exercises on the quality of life in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) due to deficiency of the lung and kidney (grade II-III).
Methods:A total of 60 eligible cases were randomly allocated into a treatment group (n=30) and a control group (n=30) by random number table. Cases in the control group received routine Western medical treatment, whereas cases in the treatment group conducted breathing andDaoyin exercises in addition to routine Western medical treatment. Patients in both groups were treated for a total of 3 months. Then the observation was made on changes in pulmonary ventilation function, major clinical symptoms, modified Medical Research Council scale (mMRC), distance in 6-minute walk test (6-MWT), COPD assessment test (CAT) and efficacy satisfaction questionnaire for COPD (ESQ-COPD) before and after treatment.
Results:After treatment, the total effective rate was 80.0% in the treatment group, versus 66.7% in the control group, showing a statistical difference (P<0.05). Patients in the treatment group obtained more significant improvement in coughing, sputum production, dyspnea and shortness of breath than those in the control group (P<0.05). Patients in the treatment group obtained more significant elevation in the forced expiratory volume in 1 second percentage of predicted value (FEV1%) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEF%) than those in the control group (P<0.05). Patients in the treatment group obtained lower mMRC score than those in the control group (P<0.05). Patients in the treatment group obtained longer 6-MWT distance than those in the control group (P<0.05). Patients in the treatment group obtained lower CAT score (P<0.01) and higher ESQ-COPD score (P<0.05) than those in the control group.
Conclusion:Breathing andDaoyin exercises combined with routine Western medical treatment are effective for stable COPD (grade II-III) due to deficiency of the lung and kidney and can improve the patients’ quality of life.