Objective To explore the effect of sodium arsenite (iAs3+) and sodium hydrogen arseuate (iAs5+) exposure on rat multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2) expression,and the correlation of liver arsenic and its methylation products,and to provide a basis for further elucidating the mechanism of arsenic toxicity.Methods Seventy wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups,10 rats in each group.Control group was administrated with deionized water.Sodiun arsenite high-dose group,middle-dose group,low-dose group were administrated with different concentrations of sodium arsenite:20.0,6.7 and 2.2 mg/kg BW every day,respectively.Animals were sacrificed 90 days later by cervical dislocation to collect liver,the expression of MRP2 in the membrane of hepatocyte was determined by Western blotting.HPLC-HGAFS was employed to determine the content or level of arsenic and its methylation products.Correlation between expression of MRP2 and arsenic methylation products was analyzed using Pearson's linear correlation method.Results The MRP2 protein levels of control group,iAs3+ and iAs5+ high-,middle-,low-dose groups were 1.21 ± 0.13,1.85 + 0.09,1.65 + 0.19,1.61 + 0.18,1.69 + 0.04,1.42 + 0.19,1.27 ± 0.10.Compared to control group,MRP2 protein levels of iAs3+ high-,middle-,low-dose group and iAs5+ high-dose group were increased (P ＜ 0.05); Compared with the low-dose group,MRP2 protein levels of iAs3+ and iAs5+ high dose groups were increased(P ＜ 0.05); Comparing the matched doses group of iAs5+ and iAs3+,MRP2 protein levels of iAs3+ high-,middle-,low-dose group were higher than iAs5+(P ＜ 0.05).Meanwhile,there was a significant positive relationship between the expression of MRP2 and the content of iAs3+,MMA and DMA in iAs3+ exposed group(r =0.575,0.678,0.395,all P ＜ 0.05).There was also a significant correlation between the expression of MRP2 and MMA and IMA in iAs5+ exposed group(r =0.593,0.643,all P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant relationship between the expression of MRP2 and the content of iAs5+in iAs5+ exposed group.Conclusions The expression of MRP2 is increased with increasing dose of arsenic exposure,thus resulting in compensatory changes on MRP2 expression in the liver cell membrane.MRP2 efflux may play an important role in the metabolic pathways of iAs3+.The level or load of arsenic methylation in liver is closely related with MRP2 expression.

China ; epidemiology ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ; Humans ; Listeria monocytogenes ; physiology ; Listeriosis ; epidemiology ; Serotyping

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Elliptocytosis, Hereditary ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Male

Objective To determine the sub-health status and influencing factors among medical staff in community health service centers, and to provide scientific evidence for intervention measures and strategies of health promotion. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted in 692 community medical staff from 8 community health service centers in Hongkou District, Shanghai.Sub-health condition scale was used to identify the incidence rate of sub-health.Simple job stress questionnaire was used to identify the incidence rate of occupational stress.The correlations between sub-health status and demographic and sociological factors, living habits, occupational stress and other factors were determined by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results The incidence rate of sub-health among targeted community medical staff was 71.4%.The following factors were shown to be related to the incidence of sub-health: women (OR=2.24, 95%CI: 1.42-3.55), per capita living area ≤ 30 m²(OR=2.19, 95%CI: 1.24-3.87), daily average sleep time < 7 hours (OR=1.64, 95%CI: 1.10-2.46), habits of drinking alcohol (OR=1.58, 95%CI: 1.04-2.40), frequent overtime work (OR=1.79, 95%CI: 1.12-2.86) and occupational stress (OR=1.73, 95%CI: 1.16-2.58). Conclusion The incidence rate of sub-health among medical staff in community health service centers is high, and unhealthy living habits and occupational stress are the influencing factors.

BackgroundIn an ideal eye there would be no light scattering at all,but the eye media is not optically ideal.Intraocular straylight causes a veil of light and reduction in the contrast of the retinal image and thus decrease the quality of vision.ObjectiveThe present study was to investigate the repeatability and reproducibility of C-Quant straylight meter( Oculus,Germany)in measuring retinal straylight of myopia and post-laser in situ keratomileusis(LASIK) corneas.MethodsThis is a prospective research.The consecutive 35 eyes of 21 myopic patients and 34 eyes of 22 patients who received LASIK were included in this trail.Retinal straylight was measured for 7 times at a period of time and analyzed quantificational to evaluate the repeatability of measurement.Thirty-eight eyes of 19 patients were measured again at 3-7 days for 3 times at a period of time to assess the reproducibility of C-Quant straylight meter.The mean standard difference (SD) and coefficient of variation (CV) were used as the credibility evaluation.This clinical study complied with Helsinki Declaration and the informed consent was obtained prior to the medical procedure.ResultsThe straylight Log(s) of 7 times measurement were all less than 0.95.The mean Log(s) were 0.92±0.12 and 0.93±0.17 respectively in myopia group and post-LASIK group,without statistically significant differences among 7 times measurement( F=0.335,P=0.812;F=1.000,P=0.409).The mean SD for the 7 times measurement was 0.07 Log units.SD and CV increased with the number of measurements.The differences of mean SD and CV between 3 times result and 6 times result were significant different (t =-2.080,P =0.045;t =-2.190,P =0.035 ).No difference was found between different time periods( t =-0.531,P=0.598 ).The difference of the results between two measurements from the same patient was 0.013.ConclusionsC-Quant is a noncontact,noninvade,rapid and convenient method for the measurement of straylight in myopia and post-LASIK eyes due to the high repeatability and reproducibility.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of Chinese herbs (CH) for cool-moistening and freeing collaterals on gastro-dynamic disturbance in patients of diabetes mellitus type 2 with gastroparesis (DM-GP).

METHODSFifty-three patients of DM-GP were enrolled and treated with CH (n = 28) and Cisapride (n = 25) respectively for 4 weeks, the changes of gastrin and electro-gastrogram (EGG) before and after treatment were observed.

RESULTSAfter treatment, the EGG improved significantly, showing the rhythm significantly improved, and level of serum gastrin lowered significantly, as compared with those before treatment, the difference was significant (P<0.01), but insignificant difference was found between the two groups. Fifteen patients in each group were followed-up afar stopping medication for 3 months, recurrence occurred in 1 patient of CH treated group, and 2 patients of Cisapride treated group. No adverse reaction was found in the rest patients.

CONCLUSIONCH could obviously improve the gastro-intestinal motility and hormones abnormality.

Adult ; Aged ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; blood ; complications ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Electromyography ; Electrophysiology ; Female ; Gastric Emptying ; drug effects ; Gastrins ; blood ; Gastrointestinal Agents ; therapeutic use ; Gastrointestinal Motility ; drug effects ; Gastroparesis ; drug therapy ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical efficacy of Gengxueting (GXT) in treating hysteromyoma and its effects on estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR).

METHODSSixty-four hysteromyoma patients with surgical indication were equally assigned to the treated group and the control group. Patients in the treated group were treated with GXT one capsule every day for 90 consecutive days before surgical operation, while those in the control group were treated with surgery alone. Serum levels of reproductive hormones were determined in the follicular phase before medication and one day before operation by RIA, and colored Doppler ultrasound examination was conducted for measuring the size of uterus and myoma. Moreover the protein expressions of ER and PR in tumor and uterine muscular tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry assay with streptomycin avidin-biotin peroxidase complex method.

RESULTSIn the treated group after medication, the serum level of estradiol was (167.0 +/- 85.9) pmol/L, progesterone (1.9 +/- 1.0) nmol/L, follicle-stimulating hormone (10.4 +/- 2.1) IU/L, and luteinizing (12.0 +/- 9. 8) IU/L, all reached the levels of early follicular phase, with the maximal size of myoma significantly decreased from (380.4 +/- 21.0) cm3 to (162.3 +/- 14. 8) cm3 (P < 0.01); and the ER and PR expressions in tumor tissue were significantly lower than those in the control group respectively (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONExpressions of ER and PR in hysteromyoma tissue could be significantly reduced by medication of GXT, which leads to significant shrinkage of tumor size and improvement of clinical symptoms.

Adult ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Leiomyoma ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Receptors, Estrogen ; metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone ; metabolism ; Treatment Outcome ; Tumor Burden ; drug effects ; Uterine Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology

Objective To investigate expression of Human papillomavirus (HPV) 11 type E7 protein antigen in prokaryotic cells and its potential use for the serodiagnosis of condyloma acuminatum (CA).Methods The full-length gene encoding for HPV11 E7 protein was amplified by PCR,and cloned into vector pET32a(+) to form recombinant pET32a(+)/HPVll E7 plasmid.The fusion His-E7 protein was expressed and analyzed by using SDS-PAGE and Western blotting.Using ELISA assay,HPV11 E7 fusion protein were also used to screen human serum IgG antibody from 93 patients with CA,43 patients with cervix cancer and 58 healthy control subjects.Results Highly expressed fusion His-E7 protein was obtained,and purified protein served as a special diagnostic antigen to screen human serum antibody for CA serodiagnosis.It showed that CA group,cervix cancer group and healthy control human serum IgG antibody average value were 1.545?0.131,0.586?0.155 and 0.674?0.150 respectively,positive rate were 76.3% (71/93),11.6% (5/43) and 5.2% (3/58).There was significantly difference between the CA group to compare cervix cancer group and healthy control (P

PBL teaching method is a new mode of teaching which is originated from the West and implemented into China in recent years with an expectation that it would mainly develop the students’ self-learning ability,and enhance their skills of comprehensive thinking and solving actual problems.The author summarizes the practical experience of using PBL teaching methods in the theory teaching in Department of Medical Microbiology and Human Parasitology,China Medical University in the past three years,and then proved this method is very helpful to improving the students’integrated thinking by analysis of sample.At the same time the results also suggested that the students showed high enthusiasm in discussing the cases.By this way,the students showed great subjective intiative in their studies.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of the enterovirus 71 ( EV71 ) infection complicated with pulmonary edema or pulmonary hemorrhage as a fulminant and often fatal illness.Methods The medical records of three cases with EV71 infection were retrospectively reviewed for clinical manifestations, laboratory data, medications, and outcome.Results All the cases were infants and died of the infection. These infants had no skin or mucosal lesions, however, they had sudden onset of cyanosis and tachypnea 1 to 2 days after the onset of the febrile disease with vomiting. All these 3 cases were misdiagnosed and were treated for shock on admission. Pulmonary hemorrhage was not considered in any of the cases on admission. All the cases received tracheal intubation when foamy secretions were discharged from the mouth and nose of the patients and notable cyanosis occurred. After intubation, pink foamy fluid flew out from the endotracheal tube in all the 3 cases. The patients had hyperglycemia and limb weakness, two had tachycardia, and hypertension was found in one case. Chest X-ray showed bilateral or unilateral widespread air space opacity, but the cardiac size and shape were normal. All the patients had leukocytosis. Enterovirus 71 infection was confirmed by detection of specific nucleic acid sequences of the virus from throat swab and tracheal secretions samples and in one case in cerebrospinal fluid.Conclusions Pulmonary edema or pulmonary hemorrhage occurred in the 3 cases with EV71 infection. The initial presentation was nonspecific with fever and vomiting, and sudden appearance of cyanosis, tachypnea, tachycardia, hypertension or hypotension, limb weakness, which may suggest pulmonary edema or hemorrhage. Excessive fluid resuscitation may deteriorate the illness, on the contrary, fluid restriction and inotropic agents, and early intubation with positive pressure mechanical ventilation may be the proper treatment.