Objective To investigate the inactivating effect of heat and ultraviolet(UV) light on HCV JFH-1 strain using the cell culture system. Methods The HCV JFH-1 virus stock, with an initial titer of 2.5 × 104 FFU/ml, was exposed in 56℃ water bath or to UV light for varying durations of time for explo-ring their inactivating effects on the virus. The kinetics of virus titer reduction was determined by an indirect immuno-fluorescence assay (IFA). If the cells infected with the exposed virus stock were IFA negative after three blind passages, the virus stock was considered to be inactivated completely. Results After incubation of the HCV JFH-1 virus stock (2.5 × 104 FFU/ml)in 56℃ water bath for 10 min, 20 min and 30 min, the virus titers were reduced to 1.6 × 103 FFU/ml, 3.1 × 102 FFU/ml and 3.3 × 10 FFU/ml, respectively. The exposure of the virus stock to UV light (wavelength 253.7 nm, intensity ≥60 μW/cm2, 30 cm below the UV lamp) for 15 s, 30 s and 45 s resulted in virus fiter reduction to 1.0 × 103 FFU/ml, 1.1 × 102 FFU/ml and 2.7 × 10 FFU/ml, respectively. After 40 min incubation of the virus stock at 56℃, or 1 min exposure to UV light (wavelength 253.7 nm, intensity ≥60 μW/cm2) the virus infectious titer was reduced below the detection limit of IFA, and the IFA was still negative even after three blind passages, indicating that the virus was inactivated completely. Conclusion HCV is sensitive to heat and UV light treatment. For HCV JFH-1 virus stock containing 2.5 × 104 FFU/ml virus, heat treatment at 56℃ for 40 min, or UV light expo-sure at an intensity of ≥60 μW/cm2 for 1 min, resulting in complete virus inactivation.

Amygdala ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Animals ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Morphine ; adverse effects ; Rats ; Receptors, Opioid, kappa ; metabolism

Objective To evaluate the incidence and significance of perineural invasion (PNI) in cervical cancer. Methods Retrospective chart review of patients with cervical cancer (stages Ⅰa2-Ⅱb) who underwent radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy from 2007 to 2012. To evaluate the incidence and significance of PNI in cervical and uterine tissues by microscopic examination. Results A total of 238 patients were included, 9.2% (22/238) patients with PNI in the cervical stroma. Patients with PNI were more likely to have adverse histopathologic features, including lymphoma vascular space invasion, parametrical invasion, depth of invasion, tomor size and lymph nodes metastases (all P<0.05). PNI were independent of age, international federation of gynecology and obstetrics (FIGO) stage, histopathology type and grade, and positive vaginal margin (all P>0.05). Patients with PNI had shorter disease-free and overall survival (P=0.002 and P=0.008, respectively). On multivariate analysis, risk factors for recurrence and death included parametrical invasion and depth of invasion (P<0.05). Similarly, risk factors for recurrence included lymph nodes metastases (P=0.024). However, PNI was not identified as an independent risk factor for either recurrence or death (P>0.05). Conclusions PNI exists in early cervical cancer. PNI is associated with tumor size, depth of invasion, parametrical invasion, lymphoma vascular space invasion and lymph nodes metastases. PNI represente a decreasing disease-free and overall survival in patients with early-stage cervical cancer, and is independently associated with multiple high-risk factors, which be informed management decisions regarding adjuvant therapy.

AIM: To compare the effects of hypoxia on expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), iNOS and eNOS mRNA in cultured umbilical vein endothelial cells (UVECs) obtained from Tibetan and Han. METHODS: UVECs were obtained from native Tibetan and immigrant Han, respectively and cultured under hypoxia conditions (0.5% oxygen) for 2 h, 4 h, 12 h, and 24 h and normoxic conditions. VEGF, iNOS and eNOS mRNAs were detected with methods of RT-PCT. RESULTS: VEGF and iNOS mRNAs were up-regulated while eNOS mRNA depressed by hypoxia similarly in Tibetan and Han UVECs. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the changes of VEGF, iNOS and eNOS mRNA expression are common pathways in the mechanisms of hypoxic responses.

BACKGROUND:Vacuolar proton pump on the cytoplasmic membrane of osteoclasts is an essential enzyme for bone histolysis. Vacuolar proton pump inhibitor can significantly inhibit the in vitro cultured osteoclasts.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of proton pump inhibitor FR167356 on the osseointegration of dental implant of osteoporosis rabbits.
METHODS:A total of 24 female Japanese white rabbits aged 5 months were randomly divided into three groups:ovariectomy (OVX) group, FR167356 group and shamed operation group. Each group contained eight rabbits. Rabbits of OVX group and FR167356 group received a surgical removal of bilateral ovaries, while rabbits of sham operation group had a surgical removal of equivalent adipose tissue beside the ovaries. Two titatium implants (8 mm long, 3.3 mm diameter) were instal ed into bilateral proximal tibias respectively 12 weeks after OVX operation. FR167356 was administrated by muscle injection in FR167356 group;meanwhile equivalent normal saline was administrated in the OVX group and sham operation group. At 4 and 8 weeks after implantation, animals in each group were sacrificed respectively for X-ray imaging, histomorphology, and mechanical test.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:X-ray examination showed that at 4 weeks, the implants in the OVX group exhibited a high resistance projective image, low density image of clearance screw thread, and clear boundaries between bone tissue than the other two group. At 12 weeks, the density of the clearance screw thread in sham operation group and FR167356 group was more closer to the surrounding bone tissue when compared with the OVX group, the boundaries between the implant and the surrounding bone tissue disappeared more apparently, and no significant differences were found between the two groups. Histomorphology observation revealed that, at 4 weeks after implantation, new bone with porous and trabecular extended along the implant surface to the root direction in FR167356 and sham operation groups. There were no significant differences in the two groups. At 12 weeks after implantation, the bone mass around implant was increased greatly and the trabecular grew thicker. This phenomenon was not observed in the OVX group. Mechanic test showed that at 4 and 12 weeks after implantation, the maximum pul out force in the OVX group was significantly lower than that in the other two groups. Local application of FR167356 can significantly improve the osseointegration of the implant in osteoporosis rabbits.

Objective To evaluate the subclinical dysfunction of left ventricle (LV) induced by anthracycline(ATC) in patients with newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2DSTE) as well as real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE).Methods Traditional echocardiography images and RT3DE images were acquired from 59 patients with DLBCL before,after the completion of two cures(100 mg∕m 2)and four cures of the regimen(200 mg∕m 2).LV global longitudinal strain(GLS),global circumferential strain(GCS),LV apical rotation and basal rotation,LV end-diastolic volume (EDV),end-systolic volume (ESV),stroke volume(SV) and ejection fraction(EF)were calculated simultaneously.Results Compared with baseline, LV apical rotation and basal rotation reduced significantly after two cures and four cures of therapy [LV apical rotation:(5.34±1 .80)°vs (3.80±1 .45)°vs (2.96±1 .1 8)°;LV basal rotation:(-3.32±1 .14)°vs (-2.65±1 .12)°vs (-2.56±1 .19)°;both P <0.01].LV GLS and GCS decreased significantly till four cures of treatment compared with those at baseline[GLS:(-21 .62±2.5 1)% vs(-20.1 7±2.74)%;GCS:(-26.34±4.76)% vs (-23.27 ±4.73)%;both P <0.01].The alternation on EDV,ESV,SV and EF manifested no visible degradation during the whole procedure (P > 0.05 for all). Conclusions Cardiotoxicity during the early phase of anthracycline treatment can be detected via 2DSTE prior to the traditional echocardiographic expression of ventricular systolic function.The left ventricular rotation index seems to be more sensitive than strain parameters for the estimation of early cardiac injury in patients with ATC chemotherapy.There is no safe dose for anthracycline in all patients with DLBCL treated with anthracycline even at lower doses.

Objective To identify clinical predictive factors in intractable childhood epilepsy,to provide some evidence for its early diagnosis.Methods Six hundred and twenty-four children with newly diagnosed epilepsy were retrospectively identified in Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School(1993-2009).The epileptic children were divided into a drug-responsive epilepsy group (n =584) and an intractable epilepsy group (n =40).Clinical data of patients were retrospectively analyzed,including the gender,age,pathogen,inducement,number of pre-treatment seizures,seizure type,seizure type change,seizure duration,family history,previous history,physical examination,brain CT and initial electroencephalogram(EEG) findings.Single factor analysis and Logistic regression analysis were made in 2 groups.Results Strong univariate associations suggested that some factors could increase the risks of intractable epilepsy:symptomatic or cryptogenic epilepsy,mental retardation,type of infantile spasm,positive neurological examination and large absolute number of pre-treatment seizures,and changes in seizure types in the course of the disease.With multiple Logistic regression,independent predictors of intractability were symptomatic or cryptogenic etiology(OR =3.61),large absolute number of pre-treatment seizures and changes in seizure types in the course of the disease(OR =4.76).Conclusions It's necessary to be wary of intractable epilepsy and to adjust therapy accordingly when seizures were uncontrollable and accompanied by one or more conditions such as symptomatic or cryptogenic epilepsy,large absolute number of pre-treatment seizures,changes in seizure types in the course of the disease.

To facilitate actualizing the national standard Standardized Manipulation of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Part X, Thread-Embedding and answer some questions that may arise during practice, overall ideas and principles, the process and basis for its establishment, the main contents and their related research results, especially some disputed questions and the way to solve, as well as the end-results are explained in detail in this paper.
Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; standards ; China ; Humans ; Moxibustion ; methods ; standards

Objectives:To evaluate essential medicines accessibility from the availability, drug price level and affordability perspective in Beijing. Methods:Data was collected from a sample of a Beijing social security database on diabetes in 2013 and a field research on 4 primary healthcare institutions. The essential medicine equipping rate, medium price ratio ( MPR) and poverty-inducing effect were selected as accessibility indicators. Results:Among 21 sample drugs, the nitrendipine, magnesium sulfate, sodium nitroprusside, prazosin, phentolamine and glyburide e-quipping rates are less than 15%. The 9 sample drugs MPR varied from 1. 3 to 27. 4. The hypertension, hyper-lipemia and diabete poverty-inducing rate varied from 0. 44% to 0. 70% in urban areas, and varied from 1. 17% to 1. 88% in rural areas. Conclusion:Some essential medicines in Beijing are equipped with a very low rate, but have a high price level, and the poverty-inducing population is large. We recommend strengthening the monitoring of es-sential medicines accessibility and introducing appropriate supporting policies.

Objective To compare the effects of methods of general anesthesia on postoperative cognitive function in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. Methods One thousand ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients, aged 18-60 yr, undergoing non-cardiac surgery were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n = 200 each) : isoflurane + propofol + fentanyl group (group IPF); isoflurane + remifentanil group (group IR) ; sevoflurane + propofol + fentanyl group (group SPF) ; sevoflurane + remifentanil group (group SR) ; propofol + remifentanil group (group PR) . Two hundred non-operative patients served as control group (group C) . In groups IPF and SPF, anesthesia was maintained with inhalation of 1.68% isoflurane or 1.71 % sevoflurane, TCI of propofol with the target plasma concentration of 2-5 μg/ml, and intermittent iv boluses of fentanyl. In groups IR, SR and PR, anesthesia was maintained with inhalation of 1.68% isoflurane or 1.71% sevoflurane, or TCI of propofol with the target plasma concentration of 2- 5 μg/ml, and TCI of remifentanil with the target plasma concentration of 2-6 ng/ml. The patients' cognitive function was assessed using mini-mental state examination (MMSE) at 1 d before operation, while leaving postanesthesia care unit (PACU) , and at 1 and 3 d after operation. The Z score was used to identify the cognitive dysfunction as recommended by Moller while leaving PACU, and at 1 and 3 d after operation. Results Compared with group C, the MMSE score was significantly decreased while leaving PACU , and the incidence of cognitive dysfunction increased while leaving PACU and at 1 d after operation in the other groups ( P ＜ 0.05). Compared with groups IPF,IR,SPF and PR, the incidence of cognitive dysfunction was significantly increased in group SR ( P ＜ 0.05) . Conclusion General anesthesia with sevoflurane combined remifentanil exerts less effect on the postoperative cognitive function in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery.