Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Lead ; blood ; Lead Poisoning ; blood ; epidemiology ; Middle Aged

BACKGROUND: Previous studies demonstrated that construction of eoexpression plasmid containing multiple genes on the same vector could improve transfection and expression rates.OBJECTIVE: To construct eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.1 (+)-MUC1 -GM-CSF by human polymorphic epithclial mucin (MUC 1) and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor.(GM-CSF) and to observe expression of recombinant plasmid in COS-7 cells.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING: Gene recombination design,which was carried out in the Animal Central Laboratory,the Fourth Military University of Chinese PLA from September 2005 to December 2006.MATERIALS: Eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1 (+) was presented by Pro.Taylor-Papadimitriou;pGEM-3zf()-GM-CSF plasmid,COS-7 cells,pUCI 8 vector,and E.coli DH5α were made in the center; female BALB/c mice were provided by Experimental Animal Center of the Fourth Military University of Chinese PLA.METHODS: Signal peptide was synthesized with encoded MUCI gene sections to obtain repeated sequence coneatemer after renaturation.Next,the accepted concatemer was cloned with GM-CSF following enzyme identification and sequencing analysis,and then they were put in eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1(+) to construct eukaryotic coexpression plasmid pcDNA3.1 (+)-MUCI -GM-CSF in order to transform COS-7 cells.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Gene expression was detected by indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).RESULTS: Enzyme identification and sequencing analysis showed that recombinant plasmid contained a fusion gene encompassing human MUC1 repeated sequence concatemer and GM-CSF; moreover,MUC1 expression was detected in COS-7 cells,while recombinant plasmid could induce the production of anti-GM-CSF antibody.CONCLUSION: The recombination between human MUC1 repeated sequence concatemer and GM-CSF gene successfully constructs eukaryotic coexpression plasmid.

AIM: To study the characteristics of retinal detachment surgery after laser 　in situ　 keratomileusis (LASIK).METHODS: Eleven eyes of ten patients that experienced rhegmatogenous retinal detachment after LASIK procedure participated in the study. The characteristics of retinal detachment, management and complications after surgery were analyzed . RESULTS: Retinal detachment was characterized by the large percentage of multiple peripheral holes (73%) and giant tears (27%). All eyes underwent sclera buckling, and three of them combined with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and silicone oil tamponade. Silicone oil was removed after 1 month. Retina was reattached successfully at the first retinal detachment surgery in all eyes except one that succeeded at the fourth time. One eye of LASIK flap dehiscence and one eye of corneal subepithelial opacity occurred after surgery.CONCLUSION: Patients after LASIK should be carefully examined under pupillary dilation during follow-up. Sclera buckling is necessary to most retinal detachment after LASIK, and corneal protection is important in the treatment.

Objective: To explore the effect of moxibustion at Shenque (CV 8) on myocardial structure and function in exercise-induced fatigue rats. Methods: A 12-week treadmill running training was performed to create an exercise-induced fatigue rat model. Sixty eligible male specific-pathogen-free grade Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a blank group, a control group, a model group, a non-meridian non-acupoint group, a Zusanli (ST 36) group and a Shenque (CV 8) group, with 10 rats in each group. Rats in the blank group did not receive treadmill running training or moxibustion. Rats in the control group did not receive treadmill running training but received mild moxibustion at Shenque (CV 8). Rats in the model group received treadmill running training but no moxibustion. Rats in the non-meridian non-acupoint group, the Zusanli (ST 36) group and the Shenque (CV 8) group received moxibustion at the non-meridian non-acupoint points, Zusanli (ST 36) or Shenque (CV 8) immediately after each treadmill running training, 15 min each time, once a day for 5 consecutive days a week at a 2-day interval, 60 times of moxibustion in total. Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDd), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESd), left ventricular diastolic volume (LVDv), left ventricular systolic volume (LVSv), ejection fraction (EF), stroke volume (SV), early diastolic peak flow velocity of mitral valve (E) and late diastolic peak flow velocity of mitral valve (A) of each group before and after the last treadmill running training were measured. Blood was collected 6 h after the last treadmill running training, and serum C-reactive protein (CRP), myoglobin (Mb), creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB), cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) levels were detected. Finally, the heart was separated, the heart mass (HM) was measured, the cTnT level of the myocardial tissue was detected, the ultrastructural changes of the left ventricular myocardium were observed by transmission electron microscope, the left ventricular fraction shortening (LVFS), E/A and heart mass index (HMI) were calculated. Results: Compared with the same group before treatment, the rat cardiac LVEDd, LVESd, LVDv, LVSv, SV, E and A were significantly increased (all P<0.01), and the rat LVFS, E/A and EF were significantly decreased (all P<0.01) in the model group and the non-meridian non-acupoint group after treatment; the rat cardiac SV, LVDv, LVSv, E and A were all increased (all P<0.01), while E/A and EF were decreased (all P<0.01) in the Zusanli (ST 36) group after treatment; the rat cardiac LVDv, E and A were significantly increased (P<0.01 or P<0.05), and E/A was significantly decreased (P<0.01) in the Shenque (CV 8) group after treatment. After treatment, compared with the blank group, the rat cardiac LVEDd, LVESd, SV, LVDv, LVSv, E, A, the serum CRP, Mb, CK-MB, cTnI, cTnT and HMI, and the myocardial cTnT were increased (all P<0.01), and the LVFS, E/A and EF were all reduced (all P<0.01) in the model group; compared with the model group and the non-meridian non-acupoint group, rats in the Zusanli (ST 36) group and the Shenque (CV 8) group showed decreased LVEDd, LVESd, SV, LVDv, LVSv, E, A, serum CRP, Mb, CK-MB, cTnI, cTnT and HMI, and myocardial cTnT (P<0.01 or P<0.05), along with increased LVFS, E/A and EF (all P<0.01); compared with the Zusanli (ST 36) group, Mb and A of the Shenque (CV 8) group were decreased (both P<0.01), while both E/A and EF were increased (P<0.01, P<0.05). Transmission electron microscopy examination showed that myofibrils in the blank group and the control group were neatly arranged with clear light and dark bands; the model group and the non-meridian non-acupoint group showed different degrees of myofibril disintegration and breakage, increased and aggregated mitochondria of different sizes, and increased electron density. The myofibrils in the Shenque (CV 8) group and Zusanli (ST 36) group were arranged neatly with clear light and dark bands, and compensatory hyperplasia of mitochondria. Conclusion: Moxibustion at Shenque (CV 8) and Zusanli (ST 36) both can effectively improve the occurrence of myocardial remodeling in exercise-induced fatigue rats, and the effect of moxibustion at Shenque (CV 8) is better in improving cardiac function.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the time trends of cancer mortality among residents in Kaifeng county, Henan province.

METHODSData on cancer mortality from the vital registration system in Kaifeng county from 1988 to 2005 was analyzed. A total of 9543 death records (5974 males and 3567 females) due to malignant tumors were studied. A two-year-period age-specified standardized mortality rates were directly adjusted by the world standard population, and the annual percentage change (APC) of mortality were estimated by a linear logarithm regression.

RESULTSThe crude cancer death rate for male was 95.09/100,000 and its age-standardized death rate was 117.41/100,000. While, the crude cancer death rate for female was 59.13/100,000 and the age-standardized death rate was 57.15/100,000. There was a significant growth tread for lung cancer (APC: 6.54%), liver cancer (5.07%) in males and breast cancer (7.04%) in females in the groups aged over 18. On the contrary, the decreasing treads for esophageal cancer in both of sexes (-7.09%, -13.53%) were also observed in this study. Meanwhile, there was no other significant changes in the trend, either in the tumor sites or mortality, was observed.

CONCLUSIONIn the past two decades, there has been a significant increasing trend for cancer mortality in Kaifeng county, of Henan Province. Hence, it is necessary to enhance epidemiological survey to identify risk factors at the earlier stages.

China ; epidemiology ; Death Certificates ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mortality ; trends ; Neoplasms ; mortality ; Rural Population

Objective To explore a simple and reliable method for intraperitoneal injection through a paravertebral approach in rabbits. Methods Sixty New Zealand rabbits were randomized into conventional group and modified groups to receive intraperitoneal injections through conventional and paravertebral approaches, respectively. In the conventional group, the injection site was on the abdominal wall 3~4 cm lateral from the umbilicus bilaterally, while that in the modified group was located dorsally at L5/L6 level 3-4 cm lateral from the midline. Abdominal CT scan was performed in the post-injection rabbits, which were sacrificed after 24 h for abdominal dissection. Results Success with a single puncture was achieved in 13 out of the 20 rabbits in the conventional group, and the rest required at least two punctures, with a mean rank sum of 23.50. With the modified approach, a single attempt was successful in all the 40 rabbits, with a mean rank sum of 34.0, showing a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.01). The success rates of a single injection differed significantly between the two groups (P<0.01). CT scan and abdominal dissection showed that the injection site with the modified approach was far away from the vital organs and large vessels with less peritoneal hyperemia and exudation. Conclusion Paravertebral intraperitoneal paracentesis is a convenient and reliable method for intraperitoneal injection in rabbits.

Objective To explore a simple and reliable method for intraperitoneal injection through a paravertebral approach in rabbits. Methods Sixty New Zealand rabbits were randomized into conventional group and modified groups to receive intraperitoneal injections through conventional and paravertebral approaches, respectively. In the conventional group, the injection site was on the abdominal wall 3~4 cm lateral from the umbilicus bilaterally, while that in the modified group was located dorsally at L5/L6 level 3-4 cm lateral from the midline. Abdominal CT scan was performed in the post-injection rabbits, which were sacrificed after 24 h for abdominal dissection. Results Success with a single puncture was achieved in 13 out of the 20 rabbits in the conventional group, and the rest required at least two punctures, with a mean rank sum of 23.50. With the modified approach, a single attempt was successful in all the 40 rabbits, with a mean rank sum of 34.0, showing a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.01). The success rates of a single injection differed significantly between the two groups (P<0.01). CT scan and abdominal dissection showed that the injection site with the modified approach was far away from the vital organs and large vessels with less peritoneal hyperemia and exudation. Conclusion Paravertebral intraperitoneal paracentesis is a convenient and reliable method for intraperitoneal injection in rabbits.

OBJECTIVETo study the morphological features of secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) in adult and the implications for transcatheter closure.

METHODSTranscatheter closure using Amplatzer duct occluder was performed in 272 adult patients with ASD from September 1997 to December 2005. The morphological features were evaluated by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). The size, length and thickness of rims, occluder diameter, the complete closure rate, residual shunt rate and complications were compared in patients with deficient and/or thin rims (Group A, n = 135) and patients with well-developed rims (Group B, n = 137).

RESULTSThe complete closure rate was 97.8% (132/135) in group A and 99.3% (136/137) in group B. There were 74 cases with deficient rims, 39 cases with thin rims and 22 cases with both deficient and thin rims in group A. Gender distribution, age, operation successful rate, residual shunt rate and complication rate were similar between the 2 groups. The defect diameters measured by TTE (18.9 +/- 5.5 mm vs. 16.5 +/- 4.8 mm, P < 0.01), TEE (22.7 +/- 5.0 mm vs. 20.0 +/- 5.5 mm, P < 0.01) and occluder diameters used (29.1 +/- 5.7 mm vs. 26.0 +/- 5.9 mm, P < 0.01) were significantly larger in groups A than that in group B. The systolic pulmonary artery pressure was also significantly higher in groups A than that in groups B (36.9 +/- 11.9 mm Hg vs. 32.6 +/- 9.1 mm Hg, P < 0.01). There are significant correlations between occluder diameters and defects measured by either TTE or TEE in both groups (group A, TTE: r = 0.709, TEE: r = 0.850; group B, TTE: r = 0.716, TEE: r = 0.915, P all < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSPoor residual rims were found in around 50% of adult patients with ASD. Transcatheter closure of these defects could be successfully performed with larger occluders. The defect diameters measured by TTE and TEE, especially the latter, could guide the occluder selection.

Adult ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; etiology ; pathology ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo analyze the genetic polymorphism of 8 short tandem repeat (STR) loci on human chromosome 2 in Chinese Han population in Shaanxi Province.

METHODSBlood samples anticoagulated with EDTA were collected from 176 unrelated Chinese Han individuals in Shaanxi Province. The DNA was extracted for PCR amplification of the relevant fragments, and the amplified products were analyzed using the ABI 3730 Genetic Analyzer.

RESULTSOn human chromosome 2, the loci D2S112, D2S162, D2S2330, D2S2216, D2S347, D2S259, D2S319 and D2S168 had 7, 11, 9, 8, 9, 9, 8 and 13 alleles, respectively, with 15, 33, 23, 18, 13, 12, 25 and 33 genotypes for the corresponding alleles. The genotype distribution of all the 8 loci met Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The heterozygosities for the 8 STR loci were 0.6985, 0.8274, 0.8042, 0.6816, 0.6541, 0.5213, 0.8432 and 0.8091, with polymorphic information content of 0.6911, 0.8199, 0.7891, 0.6809, 0.6388, 0.5187, 0.8372 and 0.8049, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe 8 loci on chromosome 2 have high heterozygosity and polymorphic information content in Chinese Han population, suggesting their value as useful genetic markers.

Alleles ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; China ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2 ; genetics ; Genetics, Population ; Genotype ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Polymorphism, Genetic

To evaluate the expression of cytoplasmic CD79a (CyCD79a) and other commonly used B-lymphoid immunomarkers including cytoplasmic CD22 (CyCD22), CD19, CD20 and CD10 in various acute leukemia cells and to define the most sensitive and specific markers in the diagnosis of precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (pB-ALL), the immunophenotypic data from 221 de novo adult and pediatric acute leukemia patients as studied using multi-parameter flow cytometry in addition to routine morphologic and enzyme cytochemical assay, were retrospectively analyzed. Cytogenetic and/or molecular biological data in all 45 cases of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and 13 cases of acute leukemia suspected as AML with the fusion genes such as AML1/ETO and CBFbeta/MYH11 were investigated. The results showed that CyCD79a and CyCD22 were the most sensitive and specific markers respectively for pB-ALL. Expression of CyCD79a was seen in 100% of 58 cases of pB-ALL. At the same time, none (0%) of all 147 cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and 15 cases of precursor T-cell acute leukemia (pT-ALL) was positive for CyCD22. The conclusion is made that united detection of CyCD79a and CyCD22 is the optimal immune combination for the diagnosis pB-ALL and the distinguishing pB-ALL with AML and pT-ALL.
Acute Disease ; B-Lymphocytes ; immunology ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; immunology ; CD79 Antigens ; immunology ; Cytoplasm ; immunology ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Karyotyping ; Leukemia, Myeloid ; genetics ; immunology ; pathology ; Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; immunology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 2 ; immunology