Objective : To revise the general self-efficacy scale. Methods : 3094 subjects from 7 different cities in China finished the general self-efficacy scale. Results : The result of Item Analysis showed that 19 of the scale met psychometric criteria. The scale's internal consistency was 0.81, split reliability 0.81. It had acceptable discriminant validity: subjects with higher scale scores also had significantly higher scores in every items than those with lower scale scores, and this scale could effectively differentiate the high and low level managers, it also could effectively differentiate the managers groug and workers group. Exploratory factor analyses indicated that the scale had one dominant factor. Conclusion : The general self-efficacy scale has sound psychometric properties for further research.

OBJECTIVE:To observe clinical efficacy and safety of pidotimod combined with montelukast sodium in the treat-ment of children with bronchial asthma. METHODS:120 children with bronchial asthma were randomly divided into control group and observation group,with 60 cases in each group. Both group were given routine treatment as aerosol inhalation of glucocorticoid and anti-infective treatment. Control group was additionally given Montelukast sodium chewable tablet 5 mg orally,qd,at bed-time;observation group was additionally given Pidotimod capsule 0.4 g,qd,on the basis of control group. Both group received treatment for consecutive 3 months. Clinical efficacies of 2 groups were observed as well as IL-4,IFN-γ,IgE,T lymphocyte sub-set and lung function indexes of 2 groups before and after treatment. The occurrence of ADR were compared between 2 groups. RE-SULTS:The effective rate of observation group was 88.3%,which was significantly higher than that of control group (61.7%). There was no statistical significance in IL-4,IFN-γ,IgE,T lymphocyte subset and lung function indexes between 2 groups before treatment(P>0.05). After treatment,IL-4,IFN-γ,IgE,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+ and lung function of 2 groups were improved signifi-cantly,and the observation group was significantly better than the control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in the incidence of ADR between 2 groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Pidotimod combined with monte-lukast sodium is effective for children with bronchial asthma,and can significantly relieve airway inflammation,enhance immunity and improve lung function with good safety.

Objective: To revise the Chinese version of the Social Comparison Orientation Scale. Methods: The questionnaire was administered to two samples with total of 1023 individuals. Results: The item analysis showed that all of the 11 items met psychometric criteria. The confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the Chinese version of Social Comparison Scale was composed of two dimensions, which were ability and concept, which can explained 55. 6% of total variance. The internal consistency reliability was 0. 88 and the four weeks tesl-retest reliability coefficient was 0. 89. The further analysis revealed that the male sample had significantly lower scores than female sample (39. 4 ? 8. 7/41. 4 ?7. 3, t= -4. 06), and the employee sample had significantly lower scores than student sample (39. 5 ? 8. 6/41. 3 ?7. 5, t = -3. 98, P

For the past few years,with the extensive application of nanoparticle technology in photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancers,there have been some improvements of the stability of photosensitizers,the tumor targeting,the working depth and the yield of singlet oxygen by a variety of ways.Furthermore,with nanoparticle,PDT also can be combined with some other treatments together.Finally,the use of nanoparticle vectors for PDT is a novel and promising approach which might improve the efficiency of photodynamic therapy for tumors,overcome many adverse effects and increase the indications of PDT.

Cellular schwannoma is a rare benign tumor of the peripheral nerves.The tumor is consist of spindle cells which arranged in interwoven bundles,and lacking the mesh district and palisading structure.The tumor cells are abundant,with coarse chromatin,deeply stained nuclei and in multiforms.So the tumor may easily be misdiagnosed as various types of spindle cell sarcoma.Intraperitoneal cellular schwannoma may also be mistaken as gastrointestinal stromal tumors.In this article,the clinical characteristics,diagnosis and treatment of cellular schwannoma were analyzed based on the clinical data of a patient with cellular schwannoma in the gastric wall misdiagnosed as gastric stromal tumor.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the recurrence of Barrett esophagus (BE) and Helicobacter pylori (Hp) eradication therapy, according to endoscopic follow-up outcomes in the elderly patients with BE after endoscopic argon plasma coagulation (APC). Methods A total of 201 elderly patients were enrolled to be treated with APC, including 53 patients without Hp infection (control group) and 148 cases with Hp infection (infection group), then the infection group was randomly divided into two groups: infection group A (n=74) and infection group B (n=74). After APC, all patients were given acid suppression therapy with omeprazole infusion 40 mg twice daily for 7 days, then omeprazole capsules 20 mg twice a day orally, the overall time was 2months. The patients in infection group B received Hp eradication therapy with two of the following three kinds of antibiotics for 2 weeks: amoxicillin 500 mg twice a day, clarithromycin 500 mg twice a day and tinidazole 500 mg twice a day. All patients received reexamination of endoscopy and pathology, and underwent 24-hour esophageal pH test 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after treatment.Results By APC treatment for an average of 2.4 times (1-3 times), 1 month after treatment, all BE epithelium disappeared and stratified squamous epithelium was repaired completely. Reflux esophagitis (RE) and BE in some cases were found in 3 groups 3 months after therapy. The relapse incidence of RE was significantly increased at 6 months after therapy [control group: 22.6%, infection group A:12.2o%and infection group B: 17. 6%, t = 2.21, 2.17 and 2.30,P＜0. 05]. At 12 months after therapy, the relapse incidence of BE was significantly increased [control group: 22.6%, infection group A: 18.9% and infection group B: 23.0%, t=2.11, 2.19 and 2.32, P＜0. 05]. All patients presented pathological gastro-esophageal reflux (DeMeester index＞14.72) before treatment. At 1 month after therapy, all patients returned to normal DeMeester index[control group: 14.5, infection group A: 15.2 and infection group B: 12.0, t=2.09, 2.22 and 2.15, P＜0. 05]. At 6 months after treatment, DeMeester index increased (t=2.29, 2.33 and 2.14, P＜0.05). But there were no significant differences among 3 groups (P＞0. 05). Conclusions The elderly BE patients with HP infection in gastric antrum can receive APC treatment plus Hp eradication treatment, but it has no significant effect on long-term prognosis for BE patients. APC treatment can completely remove BE epithelium, long-term acid suppression therapy may delay recurrence of BE.

Objective To investigate the expression of NF-κB and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related markers E-cadherin and Vimentin proteins in human pancreatic cancer tissues and its relation with the malignant features. Methods The expression of NF-κB、E-cadherin and Vimentin proteins in 62 cases of pancreatic cancer tissues were detected by using immunohistochemistry and compared with the clinicopathological data of pancreatic cancer. Results The positive expression rate of NF-κB was 81% (50/62), Vimentin protein increased of expression was 61% (38/62), and E-cadherin protein loss of expression was 55 % (34/62) in pancreatic cancer. The positive expression rate of NF-κB was significantly related with the lymph node metastasis (x2=11.761, P＜0.05), distant metastasis (x2=9.225, P＜0.05), the absent expression of epithelial marker E-cadherin protein (r =0.352, P ＜0.05) and the positive expression of mesenchymal marker Vimentin protein (r=0.343, P ＜0.05), but there was no relation with the patients gender,age, tumor location, tumor type and tumor differentiation (P ＞0.05). In addition, the significant correlation of E-cadherin expression loss and Vimentin expression with tumor lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis was found (x 2= 6.914, 4.984, 7.753, 5.144, P ＜0.05). Conclusion The overexpression of NF-κB in pancreatic cancer may accelerate invasion and metastasis of pancreatic cancer through inducing EMT.

Objectives To study a correlation between Helicobacter pylori Infection and reflux esophagitis in the elderly.Methods In a prospective study,180 cases of elderly patients with confirmed diagnosis of reflux esophagitis were consecutively recruited in our hospital from 2010-2016 years.180 reflux esophagitis patients were divided into three groups:non-HP infection group(group A,n=78),and 102 HP infection patients were subdivided into B1 group(n=51)with single-drug therapy and B2 group(n=51)with multiple drugs therapy.The groups A and B1 were treated with only esomeprazole 20 mg/bid for 8 weeks.The group B2 was treated with esomeprazole 20 mg/bid for 8 weeks,colloidal bismuth 200 mg/bid for 2 weeks plus two kinds of antibiotics(taking any 2 of the following 3:Amoxicillin 1 000 mg/bid,Clarithromycin 500 mg/bid and tinidazole 500 mg/bid)for 2 weeks.Gastroscope and cognate biopsy,helicobacter pylori detection,and 24 h esophagus pH monitoring was performed before and after the therapy.Results Group A,B1 and B2 showed that the total effective rate of symptoms improvement were more than 95.0% in post-versus pre-treatment(P<0.05),the gastro scope evidence-based total effective rate of reflux esophagitis were 84.6%、80.4%、82.4%(66/78,41/51,42/51)after therapy(P<0.05),and 24 h esophagus pH was significantly improved(P<0.05)after therapy.But the differences in above indexes showed no statistical significance between three groups(P>0.05).After HP eradication therapy,HP negative rate was 90.2%(46/51)in multiple drugs group.Conclusions Reflux esophagitis in elderly patients with Helicobacter pylori infection can be treated with anti-HP drugs,but the treatment should include drugs inhibiting gastric acid,so as to effectively prevent the progress of reflux esophagitis.There is no clear correlation between irritation of esophagus by reflux contents and Helicobacter pylori infection.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the pathogenic causes of community acquired pneumonia(CAP) in the elderly and to guide experience antibiotic therapy.METHODS An etiological study was performed on 204 elder patients with CAP in the Cadres Medical Department of Beijing Shijitan Hospital from May 2005 to Apr 2008.The count scores were by CURB-65 scoring system.RESULTS Pathogens were identified in 204 patients: there were Mycoplasma pneumoniae(42,20.6%),Streptococcus pneumoniae(30,14.7%),Haemophilus influenzae(24,11.8%),Chlamydia pneumoniae(17,8.3%),Klebsiella pneumoniae(14,6.9%),Escherichia coli(7,3.4%),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(5,2.5%),Staphylococcus aureus(4,2.0%),Legionella pneumophila(2,1.0%),and Acinetobacter baumannii(1,0.5%).The score,by CURB-65 scoring system,of mixed infected patients was higher than single infections.CONCLUSIONS Atypical pathogens have important role in elderly CAP,the most common pathogenare Gram-negative bacilli,S.aureusand fungi.Mixed infection couldn′t be ignored.

Objective To investigate the value of transurethral electrocision of the ureteric orifice in total nephroureterectomy. Methods Transurethral electrocision in combination with lumbar incision was employed in total nephroureterectomy for treating 28 cases of transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis or the upper ureter from January 2002 to September 2003 in this hospital. Transurethral electrocision of the ureteric orifice on the diseased side was performed, and then the kidney and the whole ureter were excised through a lumbar incision. A catheter was placed for 7 days postoperatively. Results The operation time was 70~95 min (mean, 81 min). No urinary leakage, severe hematuria or wound infection occurred. The length of postoperative hospitalization was 7~9 days (mean, 7.4 days). Follow-up for 8~15 months (mean, 12 months) in 28 cases found no recurrence. Conclusions Total nephroureterectomy through transurethral electrocision in combination with lumbar incision is proved to be minimally invasive and safe, with a quick recovery.