OBJECTIVE:To improve response capacity of China to deal with intellectual property rights protection standard terms (Trips-plus terms) beyond the regulations of Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), and to provide reference for improving national intellectual property rights protection policy. METHODS:Trips-plus terms and their common types were introduced to analyze their characteristics and consider about their adverse effects. RESULTS & CONCLU-SIONS:Common TRIPS-plus terms involve data protection,patent interlinkage,patent period extension,limitation of compulsory licensing and parallel importation,etc. These terms pose a significant challenge to developing countries,resulting in delaying entry of generics,increasing drug price,influencing drug accessibility and posing a great threat to public health. China,as the largest de-veloping country mostly relying on generic drugs,should scientifically assess the effects of TRIPS-plus on public health,drug ac-cessibility and pharmaceutical industry in the process of domestic legislation and negotiating a free trade agreement,and make effec-tive use of the TRIPS flexibility to protect the public health.

Animals ; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Mouth Mucosa ; pathology ; Mouth Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; prevention & control ; Precancerous Conditions ; drug therapy ; pathology ; prevention & control

Hepacivirus ; Hepatitis C ; complications ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Lichen Planus, Oral ; complications ; epidemiology ; virology

Objective To explore the role of CGRP and progesterone along with it on the etiopathology of PIH. Methods 8 specimens of umbilical vein endothelial cells from women with PIH were cultured. Four groups were divided when cultured cells were confluent: the sera of normal pregnancy women (group 1), the sera of women with PIH (group2), the mixture of the sera of women with PIH and the injection of progesterone (group3), and the same amount of media (group 4). The cultured cell were added respectively into the four different kinds of media. After 24h of incubation, the concentration of endothelin (ET) and CGRP in media were measured by radioimmunoassay. Results 1. Comparing with group1, the concentration of CGRP in group 2 decreased and ET increased significantly. Statistic difference of ET/CGRP was found between the two groups. 2. Comparing with group 1, the concentration of CGRP in group 3 was unchanged and ET increased obviously. No difference of ET/CGRP was shown between them. 3. Comparing with group 3, in group 2, the concentration of CGRP decreased obviously and that of ET unchanged. Significant difference of ET/CGRP was found. Conclusions Progesterone, along with CGRP, might delay the onset and progressing of PIH.

Objective To evaluate the recent safety and long-term curative effect of double-pool shaping trabeculectomy with adjustable sutures in glaucoma. Methods A hundred and twenty patients with glaucoma were randomly divided into two groups, in which the control group in 62 patients underwent traditional trabeculectomy and the experimental group in 58 patients underwent double-pool shaping trabeculectomy with adjustable sutures. All patients were followed up for one year. Postoprative intraocular pressure, anterior chamber depth and filtering bleb were observed. Results In the experimental group, after the demolition of adjustable sutures, 3 eyes(5.17%) suffered from I degree shallow anterior chamber. By contrast, 8 eyes suffered from I degree shallow anterior chamber, and 1 eye (total 14.52%) suffered from Ⅱ degree shallow anterior chamber in the control group (P < 0.05). Following up in one year, the functional filtering bleb and intraocular pressure got better in the experimental group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Double-pool shaping trabeculectomy with adjustable sutures is a safe and feasible method for glaucoma, in which it can effectively reduce intraocular pressure without complications.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of ultrasonography in diagnosis of benignPHand malignant thyroid nodules by binary Logistic regression model.Methods A retrospective analysis of 240 cases of thyroid nodules confirmed by pathology after operation excision was conducted.173 nodules were benign as control group,67 nodules were malignant as observation group.The ultrasonic features of thyroid nodules were collected.The factor had statistics significance by x2 test between the two groups were analyzed by binary Logistic regression.A logistic regression model was created.The ROC curve was drawn and the area under the curve was calculated.Results There were statistically significant differences among boundary,aspect ratio,shape,internal echo,calcification,acoustic halo,cervical lymphadenectasis between the control group and observation group(x2=45.392,7.590,30.039,24.168,37.406,6.893,16.078,all P<0.01).And after Logistic regression analysis,six variables that entered the regression equation were boundary(P=0.000,OR=8.437),aspect ratio(P=0.000,OR=12.816),microcalcification of the nodules(P=0.000,OR=8.893),shape(P=0.000,OR=8.791),internal echoes(P=0.001,OR=8.313)and cervical lymphadenectasis(P=0.001,OR=6.891).The accuracy of the model was 90.7%(223/246)in predicting malignant nodules in thyroid.The area under the ROC curve was(0.904±0.031).Conclusion The binary Logistic regression can be used to differentiate malignant and benign thyroid nodules,and make a more accurate judgment for the nodules in thyroid.

BACKGROUND:Repairing integrity of the dura mater is very important for the prognosis of patients with convex meningioma.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the application value of bio-artificial dura mater on giant convex meningioma.
METHODS:The retrospective analysis of 56 cases of dural defects due to tumor erosion in patients with giant convex meningioma was carried out. Meanwhile, the clinical efficacy, complications and fol ow-up results of the repair with artificial dura mater were analyzed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Except two cases complicated with local effusion, one case with a smal volume of subdural effusion in operative side, one case with tardive epidural hematoma, the remaining patients had no cerebrospinal fluid leakage, intracranial infection, epilepsy, tissue rejection and other adverse reactions. Postoperative CT and MR examinations confirmed the site of implantation of artificial dura without abnormal radiographic changes. Five patients underwent cranioplasty of skul repair in 3 months postoperatively, and the intraoperative findings showed that the artificial dura mater had a good fusion with normal dura mater, with no adhesions and inflammatory reactions. These findings indicate that bio-artificial dura mater can reshape the original anatomical level, protect the cerebral cortex, and reduce the incidence of various complications significantly.

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Objective To investigate changes of coagulation function in patients with high altitude polycythemia (HAPC) .Meth‐ods Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) ,prothrombin time (PT) ,thrombin time (TT) and fibrinogen (Fbg) were de‐tected and compared between 69 patients with HAPC and 60 healthy subjects (controls) .Results Fbg ,APTT and TT levels in pa‐tients with HAPC were higher than controls (P<0 .05) ,while the difference of PT was not significant (P>0 .05) .Dynamic obser‐vation indicated that comprehensive therapy could these recover coagulation function .Conclusion Hemorrhage and coagulation process in patients with HAPC could be very complicated ,including physiological adaptation and the process of physiology evolving into pathology .

Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression ofα1-antichymot-rypsin (α1-ACT)in plasma and postoperative cognitive dysfunction(POCD).Methods The cognitive function of 64 patients undergoing operation under general anesthesia was evaluated by a battery of cognitive assessment instruments(BCAI)and the levels ofα1-ACT were measured at the time 1 d pre-operatively and 7 d and 3 months postoperatively.The patients were randomly divided into two groups:30 patients in ulinastatin group (group U)were injected with 10 000 U/kg ulinastatin,which was dissolved in 100 ml saline,within 20 min at the time of 30 minutes before induction;while control group (group C)were injected with the same volume saline.Results There was no significant differ-ence between the expression of α1-antichymotrypsin in patients with POCD and in control patients at the time before operation.Compared with control patients,the levels of α1-ACT in patients with POCD at the time of 7 d and 3 months postoperation were significantly higher (P <0.05).The levels of α1-ACT at 7 d postoperation were significantly higher than that preoperatively in both groups (P <0.05).The incidence of POCD in group U were significantly lower than that in group C,at the time of 7 d and 3 months after surgery (P <0.05).Conclusion POCD is associated with high expression of plasma α1-ACT.