With the development of management in NICU,nosocomial infection increases gradually.Nosocomial infection monitoring is very important for improving the survival rate of the newborn and crutial for updating the management of NICU.This article discussed the risk factors and prevention strategies of nosocomial infection in NICU.

Immune thrombocytopenia is the most common diagnosis of isolated thrombocytopenia. The dilemma encountered by paediatricians is missing diagnosis of acute leukaemia in children with isolated thrombocytopenia. We demonstrated childhood ITP could be diagnosed using a four point clinical criteria without missing a diagnosis of acute leukaemia. Hence, bone marrow examination is not necessary in children with typical features compatible with ITP prior to steroid therapy. This can encourage paediatricians to choose steroid therapy, which is cheaper and non-blood product, as first line platelet elevating therapy in children with significant haemorrhage.
Thrombocytopenic

ObjectiveTo study the appearances and dynamic changes of chest high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in clinically diagnosed critical influenza A (H1N1) pneumonia.MethodsOne hundred chest HRCT scanning examinations were performed in 36 cases of influenza A (H1N1) pneumonia who were diagnosed by the clinical manifestations in one month.The onset,progress and resolve of pulmonary manifestations were analyzed.Results Chest HRCT was performed in six patients,and small patchy opacity presented in three cases and ground-glass opacities presented in the other three cases within 3 days after onset when the disease was at the initial stage.Multiple larger opacities were visualized in all cases at the progressive stage (3 days later after onset),which included the pure ground-glass opacities (9 cases,25.0％ ),ground-glass opacities accompanied by consolidations (20 cases,55.6％),prominent consolidations (7 cases,19.4％),and accompanied pleural lesions (10,27.8％).The lesions strongly progressed within (8.0± 2.6) d and distinctly absorption in all cases (100.0％,36/36) within (16.0±4.8) d after onset of the disease.The pulmonary interstitial hyperplasia was found in 23 cases (63.9％).Dynamic change types of the lesions include absorption after progression,absorption and progression coexistence then absorption and gradually absorption,andabsorptionafterprogressionwas themajor type(41.7％).ConclusionHRCT could distinctly demonstrate the shape,range and dynamic changes of pulmonary lesions of critical influenza A (H1 N1) pneumonia.

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and surgical management of ureteral obstruction after renal transplantation.Method A respective study was performed on 15 cases of ureteral obstruction who received renal allografts.All of the cases were confirmed,including 5 cases of stenosis of ureterovesical junction,4 cases of stenosis of distal ureter,2 cases of blood clot blockage,2 cases of edema due to perforation of distal ureter,1 case of ureteral calculi,and 1 case of extrinsic compression of hematoma.All 14 patients underwent open surgical management to reestablish ureter with D-J catheter as stent for 12-16 weeks.One patient was subjected to percutaneous nephrostomy followed by percutaneous ureteroscopy,the obstructed site was identified at ureterovesical junction and antegrade balloon dilation and D-J stent in ureter were performed subsequently.Result Fifteen patients were diagnosed as ureteral obstruction by colour Doppler ultrasound and MRU.All of the patients were resolved the obstructions after surgical managements and the renal function got improved.No reobstruction occured during one year follow-up period.Conclusion Colour Doppler ultrasound and MRU can definitely be used to diagnose ureteral obstruction after renal transplantation.Early diagnosis and surgical management are very important.Open surgical management of the obstructed ureter is an effective method.Antigrade balloon dilation is a therapeutic approach to treat ureteral obstruction.

Objectives: To evaluate mice as experimental animal for Chlamydia pneumoniae, a common cause of acute respiratory infections in human.　Methods: Intranasal inoculation of Icr mice with C. Pneumoniae induced a prolonged course of lung infection, as demonstrated by persistence of lung pathology(60 days).　Results: Icr mice were susceptible to C. pneumoniae. Lung pathology was characterized by patchy interstitial pneumonitis with predominately neutrophil leukocyte infiltration in the early(7 days) and lymphocytes infiltration in the later stages(14 days later) of infection.　Conclusions:Icr mice were susceptible to C. pneumoniae and the mouse model is useful for the investigation of the pathogenesis of C. pneumoniae infection.

Total 149 strains of endophytic bacteria were isolated from different healthy organisms of Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat. from Xinjiang. The fermented liquids of these strains were screened by TLC and analysed by HPLC, and the glycyrrhizinic acid monoammonium salt was taken as standard control at the same time. Only one endophtytic bacterial stain of Bacillus subtilis could produce Glycyrrhizinic acid monoammonium salt analogue.

Objectives To search for the pathogenesis of vaseular endothelial injury and its clinical significance.Methods 36 patients with acute lower respiratory trect infection(ALRI)and 30 healthy controls were envolved. Circulating endothelial cells (CEC)and nitric oxide (NO) levels were tested.Results Circulating nitrite/nitra levels,the stable metabolic products of NO,were found to be significantly higher in the patients with ALRI (44.6?22.6umol/L) than that in the controls (24.5?14.1umoI /L, P

Objective To investigate the forming mechanism of smile anatomically,and to analyze the changes of aging characteristics of mid-lower face.Methods Ten (with 20 sides) adult fresh cadaveric heads were fixed by formalin,and then nasolabial fold morphology was observed under 10X operating magnifying glass,and compared with alteration of the middle and lower face aging features under the state of smiling and static according to observation from 50 doctors' and out-patients' photos.Results The nasolabial fold was the boundary between fatty and fat-free zone in the middle face,the lateral side of which was malar fat pad.The nasolabial fold was the linear area,which was formed by the insertions of seven mimetic muscles on the skin.When smiling,the nasolabial fold and cheek groove,got deep and extended,cheek stripe became obvious.While smiling,malar fat pad shifted up,and tear trough became deformity..64％ disappeared and 36％ getting shallow and appearance improved; orbit-malar fold showed 100％ horizontal part disappeared,74 ％ vertical part became shallow and improved,and 26％ stayed stable; mid-cheek fold showed 78％ dissovled,22％ getting shallow and improved; Labiomandibular fold showed 100％ Ⅲ degree disappeared,100％ Ⅱ degree dissovled,74％ Ⅰ degree disappeared,and 26％ getting shallow and ameliorated; submaxilla line showed 18％ getting smooth and 82％ remained.Conclusions Smiling is produced by movement of mimetric muscles,and its orgin is from nasolabial fold.A smile could make malar fat pad upwards to mask some aging characteristics of middle and lower face,which is helpful to form a younger face.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of dressing materials in various combinations on burn wound microenvironment and healing condition.

METHODSTwo hundred donor sites with wounds of 0.3 mm in depth in 186 burn patients, who needed skin grafting and admitted to our ward were enrolled in study, and they were divided into A (with dressing composed of alginate + cotton pad for donor area), B (with dressing composed of vaseline gauze + cotton pad for donor area), C (with dressing composed of alginate + foam dressing for donor area), D (with dressing composed of vaseline gauze + foam dressing for donor area) groups according to random table method. Effect of dressings on wound evaporation and pH value were observed. Bacterial colonization, degree of pain complained by patients after dressing change, and wound healing time in each group were compared.

RESULTSOne hundred and eighty-four patients complied with the study, while 2 patients were excluded due to untimely falling-off of the dressing. Wound evaporation in A, B, C, D groups was (35.5 +/- 3.2), (31.3 +/- 2.8), (23.1 +/- 2.9), (18.1 +/- 2.3) mL x h(-1) x m(-2) respectively, among them B group showed optimal effect of keeping humidity (P < 0.01). Wound pH value in A, B, C, D groups was 7.22 +/- 0.06, 7.41 +/- 0.03, 7.05 +/- 0.03, 7.34 +/- 0.06, respectively, among them it was highest in B group. The positive rate of bacteria in D group was highest (22.4%), and lowest in C group (4.0%). Pain was lightest in C group (score was 0.98 +/- 0.12), and most serious in B group (score was 8.14 +/- 0.82). The shortest wound healing time was seen in C group (6.7 +/- 0.8 d), and longest in D group (15.6 +/- 3.5 d).

CONCLUSIONSApplication of various dressings on similar wounds can produce different wound microenvironment, which is closely related to wound healing time. Compared with pH value, humidity is the more important factor for wound healing.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bandages ; Burns ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Skin Transplantation ; Wound Healing ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical curative effect of applying vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) therapy in treating deep partial-thickness burn wound at the initial stage prospectively, and to provide the basis for its clinical application.

METHODSTwenty-two patients with about 10% TBSA burn of the lower limbs, and in which partial-thickness wound exceeded 1% TBSA in each limb, were admitted to our hospital within 3 hours after burn from May 2009 to March 2010. Wounds in each patient were divided into VSD treatment group (treated with VSD therapy) and control group (treated with 10 g/L silver sulfadiazine cream) based on the principles of symmetry of location, identical deepness, and similarity in size etc. The amount of water evaporation, the swelling intensity, the status of bacterial colonization, the degree of pain, the healing time, and the quality of healing of wounds in 2 groups were observed and compared. Data were processed with t test and rank-sum test.

RESULTSThe observation was completed in 21 patients. All of the wounds were treated within 4 hours post burn (PBH). The amount of water evaporation of the normal skin and burn wounds before dressing coverage in VSD treatment group was respectively close to that in control group (with t value respectively 1.310, -0.911, P values all above 0.05); the amount of water evaporation on the surface of dressing in VSD treatment group [(44.3+/-3.9) mLxh(-1)xm(-2)] was less than that in control group [(66.1+/-6.4) mLxh(-1)xm(-2), t=-11.39, P<0.01]. In VSD treatment group, the circumference of proximal thigh increased (3.48+/-0.35) and (2.51+/-0.21) cm on post burn day (PBD) 3, 7 as compared with that on PBH 5, which was respectively smaller than that [(8.02+/-0.41), (3.99+/-0.32) cm] in control group (with t value respectively 4.110, 3.569, P values all below 0.01). Positive bacteria' culture rate on PBD 10 of each group was respectively lower than that at admission (with Z value respectively -3.220, -3.870, P values all below 0.01), and there was no significant statistical difference between 2 groups at admission or on PBD 10 (with Z value respectively -0.894, 0.000, P values all above 0.05). The wound surface in VSD treatment group was weak acidic (pH value 7.12+/-0.06) on PBD 10, and it was neutral (pH value 7.41+/-0.13) in control group. The wound pain degree in control group on PBD 1, 3, 7 was respectively higher than that in VSD treatment group (with t value respectively -16.132, -21.230, -16.453, P values all below 0.01). There was no significant statistical difference between 2 groups in healing time of wounds (t=1.186, P>0.05). The healing quality of wounds in VSD treatment group (100.00%, 100.00%) 2 or 3 months after burn was better than that in control group (19.05%, 85.71%) (with Z value respectively -11.638, -3.870, P values all below 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSEarly application of VSD therapy cannot expedite the healing process of deep partial-thickness burn wounds, but it can improve the healing quality. It is one of the effective methods to deal with deep partial-thickness burn wounds, which is worthy of clinical attention and further research.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Burns ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy ; Wound Healing ; Young Adult