Objective: To analyze the changes on gut microbiota and metabolic products in patients with chronic heart failure. Methods: By searching the Pubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and CNKI, Wanfang, and CMB databases from the day of built up to December 2019, we screened related literature exploring the intestinal flora of chronic heart failure patients, and systematic review was performed to study changes in intestinal flora composition, function, and metabolites among chronic heart failure patients. Results: A total of 10 articles were included to study the gut microbiota of patients with chronic heart failure in this analysis. The systematic review showed significant changes in β-diversity in patients with heart failure. The abundance of faecalibacterium, blautia, bacteroides, prevotella and anaerostipes was decreased, while the abundance of streptococcus, escherichia/shigella, veillonella, and enterobacte was increased. The increased microbial gene function in patients with heart failure included tryptophan metabolism, lipid metabolism, LPS synthesis,and so on, especially, bacterial genes related to trimethylamine oxide production increased significantly, while genes related to key enzymes producing the beneficial metabolite butyrate decreased significantly, and harmful metabolite trimethylamine oxide levels increased in chronic heart failure patients. Conclusion: There are significant changes in the structure, function and metabolites of intestinal flora in patients with chronic heart failure.
Chronic Disease ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Heart Failure ; Humans

Objective:To explore the feature of FOS expression in oxytocin-and vasopressin-positive neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus(PVN)under different status of diabetes mellitus(DM).Methods:Intraperito-neal injection of vehicle or STZ in mice was conducted to establish control or diabetes model.Mechanical sensitivity was evaluated by von Frey filament tests to distinguish diabetic neuropathic pain(DNP)from without-pain group(DWP).The expression of FOS,oxytocin(OXT)-and vasopressin(VP)-positive neurons,as well as their double labeling was detected by immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent staining.Cell counting and comparison were made in groups.Results:FOS expression was easily detected in the PVN in the three groups(Control group,DNP group and DWP group)at 7 days,while that in DWP and DNP groups at 28 days was hardly detectable,with the number being signifi-cantly different from the 7 days group(P＜0.05 or 0.001).Likewise,compared with the control group,immunofluo-rescent signals for VP and OXT staining in the DNP and DWP groups also showed a trend of weakening as the modeling time increased(P＜0.05).The cell counting after double staining for VP or OXT with FOS showed that,in the DWP group at 7 days,the number of VP and FOS double-labeled neurons was 74.33±22.10,accounting for(56.64± 7.52)％of VP-positive cells,whereas the double labeling rate for OXT and FOS was only(10.44±3.14)％.In the DNP group at 7 days,the number of OXT and FOS double-labeled neurons was 51.00±31.80,accounting for(18.50 ±9.51)％of OXT-positive neurons,whereas the double labeling rate for VP and FOS was only(9.34±3.27)％.In contrast to these changes in 7 days group,the expression of FOS decreased sharply in the group of 28 days,thereby al-most no double-labeled neurons.Conclusion:The plasticity changes of oxytocin-and vasopressin-positive neurons in the PVN are different depending on the status of pain and non-pain,and the stage of disease progression.Understanding the changes is of great significance for unravelling the neural mechanism of diabetes and its complications.

Objective To explore the effect and safety of target controlled infusion mode based on precision anesthesia concept in cardiac surgery anesthesia.Methods A total of 100 patients underwent cardiac surgery in our hospital were selected as the research subjects,and they were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group,with 50 cases in each group.The surgical types,surgical related indicators,dosage of anesthetic drugs,and complications of the two groups were compared.Results There was no statistically significant difference in the proportions of patients who underwent coronary artery bypass surgery,valve surgery,macrovascular surgery,artial septal defect repair surgery,or other types of surgery between the two groups(P>0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the surgical time,bleeding volume,infusion volume,proportion of cardiopulmonary bypass,times of postoperative analgesic drug use and mechanical ventilation duration between the two groups(P<0.05).The usage of various anesthetic drugs in the observation group was lower than that in the control group,with statistically significant difference(P<0.05).The incidence of complication in the observation group was lower than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The target controlled infusion mode based on precision anesthesia concept can be used for cardiac surgery anesthesia to reduce the dosage of anesthetic drugs and postoperative complications,and improve the anesthesia effect and surgical safety.

Lung cancer has the highest incidence and mortality rate among all cancers in China， with its complex and variable nature， long treatment duration， and often poor prognosis. Currently， the treatment of lung cancer mainly employs classical therapies such as surgery， radiotherapy， and chemotherapy， but some patients may experience a series of adverse reactions， which affect their quality of life， survival period， and treatment outcomes. As reported， oxidative stress is one of the important pathogenic factors of lung cancer， affecting its occurrence and development. Oxidative stress is a state of imbalance between oxidative products and antioxidant defense mechanisms in the body. The intervention of oxidative stress in the occurrence and development of lung cancer is related to multiple signaling pathways， including the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 （Keap1）-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2） signaling pathway， phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）/mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） signaling pathway， mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） signaling pathway， and nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） signaling pathway. Currently， researchers in China and abroad have conducted extensive studies on the occurrence and development of lung cancer and the pathophysiological mechanisms of drug intervention. The results have shown that oxidative stress plays an important role in the occurrence and development of lung cancer. Chinese medicine monomers and compounds can regulate oxidative stress levels and intervene in related signaling pathways， thereby inhibiting or delaying the occurrence and development of lung cancer. Based on this， this article mainly summarized the relevant signaling pathways regulating oxidative stress intervention in lung cancer in recent years， and also reviewed the latest research on Chinese medicine monomers and compounds in regulating oxidative stress to treat lung cancer， aiming to provide new ideas for research on drug treatment of lung cancer and clinical drug development， as well as to provide references and guidance for further in-depth mechanistic studies in the future.

Objective:To explore a definition of healthy longevity in the Chinese population based on the Delphi method.Methods:Through a comprehensive literature review and expert consultation, the dimensions in the definition of healthy longevity were identified, and a preliminary list of questions was created. Experts in clinical medicine, public health, basic research, and the elderly care service industry, who had been working in the field of geriatric health for at least 5 years, were invited to participate in the Delphi survey from August to December 2022. The survey questionnaires were administered via email in two rounds, and experts were asked to select the optimal options from the provided questions. The active coefficients were expressed by the response rate, and a consensus was reached when the largest number of experts agreed for single-choice questions and more than 70% agreed for multiple-choice questions.Results:In the two rounds, the active coefficients were 96.00% (24/25) and 79.17% (19/24), respectively, and a consensus was finally reached on nine items, including age, physical health, common metabolic indicators, mental health, cognitive function, functional ability, social activity, self-rated health, and subjective well-being. Following discussions among the research team and experts, a final definition of healthy longevity was determined. Healthy longevity could refer to a state of good physical, psychological, cognitive function and social adaptation, as well as subjective well-being, in individuals aged 90 and above. Specifically, individuals with healthy longevity should be free from diseases associated with high disability rates and mortality, such as stroke, cancer, and Parkinson′s disease. They should also maintain reasonable levels of common non-communicable disease indicators, such as blood pressure and blood glucose, and exhibit favorable mental health and cognitive function using validated measurement tools. In addition, individuals with healthy longevity should engage in social interactions with friends and relatives, care for family members, and go out to do things. Meanwhile, with the ability to complete the visual and hearing functions of daily life and communication, and the ability to complete basic activities such as walking, eating, bathing, toileting, dressing, continence of urination, and bowel movement independently, they could rate themselves to be in good health and experience a relatively high level of life satisfaction.Conclusion:A definition of healthy longevity in the Chinese population is established through the two-round Delphi consultation.