Objective:To prospectively guide the change of chemotherapy regimen in mouse 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance subcutaneous xenograft tumor model derived from gastric cancer patients by the early changes of MRI apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and to compare the difference of tumor load between ADC guided dressing change group and volume guided dressing change group.Methods:From January to June 2020, thirty patient-derived xenografts mouse models were established using 5-FU resistant gastric cancer cells coming from patients, and were randomly divided into experimental group and control group by AdaBoost algorithm, with 15 mice in each group. On the 26th day after transplantation, all mice began chemotherapy with 5-FU as the first-line chemotherapy drug, and underwent MR examination once every two days, including T 2WI and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI). Volumes of tumors were measured using an open-source software ITK-SNAP and values of ADC were measured on ADC maps. According to the change rate of tumor ADC value in the experimental group and the tumor volume growth rate in the control group, the replacement time of chemotherapy drugs was determined, and 5-FU was replaced by paclitaxel. The end point of the experiment was the day that the mice entered the cachexia state. Independent-sample t test was used to compare the difference of tumor load between the two groups. Results:After 5-FU treatment, the ADC value of the two groups both increased. The ADC value began to decline on the 4th day after chemotherapy, and the experimental group continued chemotherapy with paclitaxel instead of 5-FU at this time point. The tumor volume growth rate of the control group increased significantly on the 6th day after chemotherapy (from 8.6% to 16.1%), and the control group used paclitaxel instead of 5-FU chemotherapy at this time point. The observed end point was on the 18th day after chemotherapy. The tumor load of the experimental group [(1.82±0.09) cm 3] was lower than that of the control group [(2.01±0.09) cm 3], and the difference was statistically significant ( t=2.25, P=0.033). On the 16th day after chemotherapy in the experimental group and the 18th day after chemotherapy in the control group, the time of paclitaxel administration in both groups was 12 days. The tumor load in the experimental group [(1.61±0.12) cm 3] was also lower than that in the control group [(2.01±0.09) cm 3], and the difference was statistically significant ( t=2.03, P=0.040). Conclusions:For the subcutaneous transplantation model of 5-FU resistant gastric cancer mice, according to the early changes of tumor ADC value after chemotherapy, the replacement of chemotherapy drugs can obtain a lower tumor load, suggesting that it is a feasible method to optimize the chemotherapy regimen.

Objective:To explore the feature of FOS expression in oxytocin-and vasopressin-positive neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus(PVN)under different status of diabetes mellitus(DM).Methods:Intraperito-neal injection of vehicle or STZ in mice was conducted to establish control or diabetes model.Mechanical sensitivity was evaluated by von Frey filament tests to distinguish diabetic neuropathic pain(DNP)from without-pain group(DWP).The expression of FOS,oxytocin(OXT)-and vasopressin(VP)-positive neurons,as well as their double labeling was detected by immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent staining.Cell counting and comparison were made in groups.Results:FOS expression was easily detected in the PVN in the three groups(Control group,DNP group and DWP group)at 7 days,while that in DWP and DNP groups at 28 days was hardly detectable,with the number being signifi-cantly different from the 7 days group(P＜0.05 or 0.001).Likewise,compared with the control group,immunofluo-rescent signals for VP and OXT staining in the DNP and DWP groups also showed a trend of weakening as the modeling time increased(P＜0.05).The cell counting after double staining for VP or OXT with FOS showed that,in the DWP group at 7 days,the number of VP and FOS double-labeled neurons was 74.33±22.10,accounting for(56.64± 7.52)％of VP-positive cells,whereas the double labeling rate for OXT and FOS was only(10.44±3.14)％.In the DNP group at 7 days,the number of OXT and FOS double-labeled neurons was 51.00±31.80,accounting for(18.50 ±9.51)％of OXT-positive neurons,whereas the double labeling rate for VP and FOS was only(9.34±3.27)％.In contrast to these changes in 7 days group,the expression of FOS decreased sharply in the group of 28 days,thereby al-most no double-labeled neurons.Conclusion:The plasticity changes of oxytocin-and vasopressin-positive neurons in the PVN are different depending on the status of pain and non-pain,and the stage of disease progression.Understanding the changes is of great significance for unravelling the neural mechanism of diabetes and its complications.

To summarize Professor TU Jinwen's clinical experience in the treatment of severe influenza based on the “heat toxin theory”. He believed that “heat toxin” is the main disease mechanism of severe influenza， emphasized the pathogenesis process that toxin enters with the pathogenic qi， heat generates by the toxin， and changes initiate from the toxin， and proposed simultaneous treatment of warmth and toxin and combination of multiple methods as the treatment principles. Syndrome differentiation in clinic should combine with wei-qi-ying-blood. The disease in the early stage located in wei （defensive） and qi level， treated by clearing heat and resolving toxins， releasing the exterior and expelling pathogen， harmonizing the exterior and interior， dredging the bowels with diarrhea， and combining other methods to get rid of the heat and toxin， and modified Self-Prescribed Tuire No. 1 Formula （自拟退热1号方） is recommended； the disease in progression stage located in ying-blood， treated by relieving heat and resolving toxins， and clearing the ying level and cool the blood， with prescriptions as modified Self-Prescribed Tuire No. 1 Formula plus Qingying Decoction （清营汤）， or Xijiao Dihuang Decoction （犀角地黄汤）； the disease in the late stage with of yin fluid consumption， and heat toxin in the blood level， treated by eliminating heat and resolving toxins， and enriching yin and cooling the blood， with prescriptions as modified Shashen Maidong Decoction （沙参麦冬汤） and Zhuye Shigao Decoction （竹叶石膏汤）. At the same time， it is emphasised that heat-clearing and fire-draining method and harmonising methods are important， and that dispelling pathogen should not injure healthy qi， and that the selection of prescriptions and medicines need consider syndrome differentiation and treatment.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death， characterized by high invasiveness， early metastasis and poor prognosis. It has the highest incidence and mortality rates among cancers in China. Currently， the treatment of lung cancer is still dominated by the classic therapies such as surgery， radiotherapy， chemotherapy and targeted therapy. However， the classic therapies are not suitable for all patients with lung cancer， so new treatment strategies and methods are needed to prevent and treat lung cancer. In recent years， Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma has attracted wide attention in the field of anti-lung cancer research， and traditional Chinese medicine has a substantial theoretical and practical foundation in treating lung cancer. Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma ， as a commonly used Chinese herbal medicine， has the functions of replenishing vital Qi， replenishing veins， strengthening the spleen and lung， and nourishing body and blood. The main active components of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma ， known as ginsenosides， exhibit anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore， the mechanism and pharmacological activity of ginsenosides in the intervention of lung cancer have been extensively studied by researchers worldwide. The results show that ginsenosides can effectively inhibit the proliferation， invasion， migration， epithelial-mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis of lung cancer cells. Additionally， they inhibit drug resistance， enhance chemotherapy sensitivity and efficacy， and promote apoptosis and autophagy of lung cancer cells. Ginsenosides also modulate the tumor microenvironment and regulate immunity， thereby delaying the occurrence and development of lung cancer. The rapid advancements in related research have outpaced previous literature review， creating challenges for scholars seeking the latest information. Based on this， this article summarizes recent findings on the mechanism and pharmacological activities of ginsenosides in lung cancer intervention， aiming to provide new insights for the development of molecular biology， drug treatment research and clinical new drug research in lung cancer. It also provides the reference for further mechanism research.

Objective:To explore a definition of healthy longevity in the Chinese population based on the Delphi method.Methods:Through a comprehensive literature review and expert consultation, the dimensions in the definition of healthy longevity were identified, and a preliminary list of questions was created. Experts in clinical medicine, public health, basic research, and the elderly care service industry, who had been working in the field of geriatric health for at least 5 years, were invited to participate in the Delphi survey from August to December 2022. The survey questionnaires were administered via email in two rounds, and experts were asked to select the optimal options from the provided questions. The active coefficients were expressed by the response rate, and a consensus was reached when the largest number of experts agreed for single-choice questions and more than 70% agreed for multiple-choice questions.Results:In the two rounds, the active coefficients were 96.00% (24/25) and 79.17% (19/24), respectively, and a consensus was finally reached on nine items, including age, physical health, common metabolic indicators, mental health, cognitive function, functional ability, social activity, self-rated health, and subjective well-being. Following discussions among the research team and experts, a final definition of healthy longevity was determined. Healthy longevity could refer to a state of good physical, psychological, cognitive function and social adaptation, as well as subjective well-being, in individuals aged 90 and above. Specifically, individuals with healthy longevity should be free from diseases associated with high disability rates and mortality, such as stroke, cancer, and Parkinson′s disease. They should also maintain reasonable levels of common non-communicable disease indicators, such as blood pressure and blood glucose, and exhibit favorable mental health and cognitive function using validated measurement tools. In addition, individuals with healthy longevity should engage in social interactions with friends and relatives, care for family members, and go out to do things. Meanwhile, with the ability to complete the visual and hearing functions of daily life and communication, and the ability to complete basic activities such as walking, eating, bathing, toileting, dressing, continence of urination, and bowel movement independently, they could rate themselves to be in good health and experience a relatively high level of life satisfaction.Conclusion:A definition of healthy longevity in the Chinese population is established through the two-round Delphi consultation.

Objective:To explore the implementation strategies for promoting healthy longevity among the elderly population in China based on the Delphi method.Methods:Through literature review and expert discussion, a framework for implementation strategies to achieve healthy longevity among the elderly was determined, and a preliminary checklist of implementation strategies was developed. The Delphi method was employed from August to December 2022, inviting 25 experts from various disciplines such as clinical medicine, public health, basic research, and the elderly care services industry. Experts were sent consultation questionnaires via email to assess the importance, feasibility, judgment basis and familiarity of each implementation strategy. Active coefficient, authority coefficient, and harmony coefficient were analyzed to ultimately determine the important and feasible implementation strategies for healthy longevity that were suitable for the Chinese elderly population.Results:The expert active coefficients of the two rounds were 96.00% (24/25) and 79.17% (19/24). The authority coefficients were (0.76±0.19) and (0.77±0.17). The average scores of importance were (4.32±0.84) and (4.36±0.82), and the corresponding scores of feasibility were (3.72±1.04) and (3.80±0.92). The harmony coefficients for the importance score were 0.269 ( χ 2=594.084, P<0.001) and 0.159 ( χ 2=193.624, P<0.001). The harmony coefficients for feasibility scores were 0.205 ( χ 2=452.008, P<0.001) and 0.167 ( χ 2=202.878, P<0.001). The final eight implementation strategies were identified after two rounds of consultation. Conclusion:Through two rounds of Delphi consultations, eight important and feasible implementation strategies for promoting healthy longevity that are suitable for the Chinese context have been proposed.