Objective To evaluate the applicability of the simplified equation of MDRD to predict glomerular filtration rate(GFR)from serum creatinine in Chinese patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD),and refit the MDRD equation parameter estimates with Chinese patients data.Methods A total of 760 hospitalized CKD patients were investigated from 2002 to 2005.Patients'sex,age,height and body weight were recorded;plasma creatinine and ~ 99m Tc-GFR(standardized by body surface area)were measured in all patients;GFR was estimated with simplified equation of MDRD and Cockcroft-Gault;the accurancy of estimated GFR with MDRD and CG were compared with~ 99m Tc-GFR in different stage of CKD.Totally 670 patients were randomly selected as the training sample,the remaining 90 patients constituted the validation sample.We used stepwise multiple regression to refit the equation of MDRD and the regression models were developed by using the training sample.The refitting equation was then tested and compared with the other equation in the validation sample.Results (1)Both the MDRD and CG-GFR prediction equations seemd to systematically underestimate GFR,but the accurancy of MDRD equation was better than CG-GFR in stage Ⅰ~Ⅲ of CKD.(2)The bias of estimated GFR(MDRD or CG-GFR equation)with ~ 99m Tc-GFR was lower in stage Ⅰ~Ⅲ than in stage Ⅳ~Ⅴ of CKD.(3)Refitting of the MDRD equation parameter estimates to Chinese patients data set resulted in the following prediction equations:GFR=234.96?(Scr)~ -0.926 ?(Age)~ -0.280 ?0.828(Female).(4)Comparing with~ 99m Tc-GFR,the bias of estimated GFR calculated by the refitting MDRD equation was lower than that of estimated with MDRD or CG especially in the stage Ⅳ~Ⅴ of CKD in Chinese patients.Conclusion the simplified equation of MDRD can estimate GRF accurately,but the equation must be refitted in Chinese patients.

This paper focuses on issues needed to be clear towards the product quality supervision of medical devices in use. The life circle of medical devices, the supervision regarding its boundary, target, emphasis, basis and standards have been analyzed in turn. A clear and creative idea is also provided for theoretical exploration of the supervision on medical devices in use.
Materials Management, Hospital ; Quality Assurance, Health Care

Animals ; Ear, Inner ; growth & development ; Mice ; MicroRNAs

Background Excimer laser corneal refractive surgery is one of the major methods to correct refractive error.Centration of the ablation zone is an important factor that affects visual quality after surgery.The pupil center and its shift is a major factor to determine the ablation center.Therefore further study on pupil centroid shift with illumination level alteration is needed.Objective This study aimed to study the characteristics of the pupillary centroid shift along with the change of pupil size under the different illumination conditions and the possible clinical application of the curve of pupillary centroid shift in exeimer laser corneal refractive surgery.MethodsThe variation of pupil size induced by illumination and the changes of pupil center were measured on 114 moderate myopia eyes of 57 subjects with Astra MaxTM Corneal Topographer.Illumination of placido target and image snap model of the topographer was customized to provide 5 illumination levels as follows:0.8,4.4,18.9,82.3,355.0 Lx.Vectorial analysis was used to graph the change of pupil center related to the Coaxially Sighted Corneal Reflex (CSCR).Raw data is converted to relative value to analyze the pupiilary centroid shift.The mean relative change of the pupil size(△P)and the mean of relative pupillary centroid shift(△C)in the form of percentage were used to attenuate the variation among subjects.The original value of illumination(darkest)is defined as 0％ and maximum value(lightest)was as 100％.Results With the increase of illumination,the shift of the pupil center towards nasal side when pupil constrict was found.The mean change of pupil size under the 5 illumination levels were 0,(1.28 +0.40)mm,(2.34 ±0.53)mm,(3.34+0.54)mm,(4.03 ±0.56)mm respectively,and the △P values was 0％,32％,58％,83％,100％ respectively.The mean of pupil centroid shift under the 5 illumination levels were 0,(78±33)μm,(116±60)μm,(143 ±66)μm,(170±71)μm respectively,and the △C was 0％,46％,68％,84％,100％respectively.There was a linear relation between the relative pupil centroid shift and the relative change of pupil size (r=0.980,P=0.025).The amount of pupil centroid shift has a positive correlation with amplitude of the change of pupil size(r=0.480,P＜0.01).Conclusion Pupil center shifts with the change of pupil size.The linear relation between relative pupil centroid shift and the relative change of pupil size can be applied in eximer laser corneal refractive surgery to improve the visual quality with customized ablation center location.

Objective: To explore the inhibition effects of ectogenic wild type p53 cDNA(Ad wtp53) on colorectal carcinoma cell lines with different p53 gene status and search for the role of wild type p53 tumor suppressor gene in occurrenc and progress of malignant tumor. Methods: MTT process was taken to choose optimal transfection titre. Three kinds of cell lines(p53 gene deletion, mutation and nomal) were transferred by Ad wtp53 in optimal titre. The inhibition effects of these cell lines were observed and compared. Results: The best titre is 1000 MOI and p53 gene deletion cell line (THC 8908) shew the highest sensitivity. G 1 S transition period blocking effects occurred in all cell lines and G 2 M phase regulation effects were not coincidence in three colorectal cell lines. Conclusions: Recombinant adenovirus mediated wild type p53 gene observably inhibited colorectal carcinoma cell lines growth and proliferation, blocked cell cycle in G 0 /G 1 phase and displayed obvious different actions on G 2 M phase among cell lines with different p53 status.

The introduction of problem-based learning techniques into the teaching of anatomy has been subject to great contro- versies.This paper debates the rationale behind this concept using the example of the curriculum of Harvard Medical School.The anatomy curriculum is covered during the eight first weeks of the medical studies,and is an original combination of discussions of clinical cases in small groups,and work in gross anatomy,histology and radiology laboratories.The lectures are reduced to the minimum and emphasize general concepts.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of the results of coronary artery CT angiography and coronary artery angiography in 36 patients with probable positive results of treadmill exercise test(TET).Methods Thirty-six patients due to chest pain received 1ET and coronary artery CT angiography and coronary artery angiography in 2 weeks after admission.The coronary plaques were categorized as noncalcified and calcified plaque on CTA images.Results In 36 patients with probable positive results of TET.23 patients were confirmed as coronary artery disease by coronary artery angiography,and the other 13patients had normal coronary artery.Of 23 coronary artery disease patients,9 patients were presented as onevessel disease,5 patients were presented as two-vessel disease,and 9 patients were presented as three-vessel disease,29 non-calcified plaques and 23 calcified plaques were demeted On CTA.Conclusion TET was useful in confirming the diagnosis of coronary artery disease.The characteristics of the coronary artery plaque is correlated with probable positive results of TET.

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) can improve the clinical outcomes of the male patients with 100% teratozoospermia.

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 152 couples undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET), including 75 cycles of IVF and 77 cycles of ICSI. We compared the rates of normal fertilization, high-quality embryos, transferrable embryos, implantation, clinical pregnancy, and abortion between the two groups.

RESULTSIn the 100% teratozoospermia patients the number of transferrable embryos was significantly lower in the IVF than in the ICSI group (78.91% vs 84.92%, P < 0.05), while the rates of normal fertilization and implantation were higher in the former than in the latter (60.26% vs 57.87% and 48.00% vs 39.55%, both P > 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in the female age, Gn days, Gn dose, BMI, infertility duration, endometrial thickness, and basal serum FSH and E2.

CONCLUSIONICSI cannot improve the clinical outcomes of the male patients with 100% teratozoospermia.

Abortion, Spontaneous ; Azoospermia ; Embryo Implantation ; Embryo Transfer ; Female ; Fertilization ; Fertilization in Vitro ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic ; statistics & numerical data

Objective To investigate whether the left ventricular delayed contraction site determined by tissue Doppler imaging might be an optimal left ventricular lead position for improved outcomes of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in patients with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. Methods Thirty-three patients subjected to CRT were selected, and all were performed conventional ultrasound cardiography and tissue Doppler examinations before operation. The left ventricular delayed contraction site was determined according to the interval between the onset of QRS and the peak systolic velocity. Retrograde coronary venography was performed during operation, and the left ventricular lead site was selected according to the left ventricular delayed contraction site determined by tissue Doppler examination before operation. The coronary sinus lead site was determined under the guidance of X ray of dorsaventral, lateral, right anterior oblique and left anterior oblique positions. Patients were divided into group A(n=20, the left ventricular lead site was in line with the delayed contraction site) and group B (n=13, the left ventricular lead site was not in line with the delayed contraction site). Results There was no significant difference in age, NYHA grading, left ventricular end-systolic volume(LVESV), left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF), pulmonary arterial systolic pressure, QRS width and Ts-SD between the two groups before operation(P> 0.05). Six months after CRT, there was no significant difference in NYHA grading, LVESV and mitral regurgitation(MR) grading between the two groups(P>0.05), while the increase in LVEF and decrease in LVESV of group A were more significant than those of group B (P<0.01). Conclusion In patients with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy, CRT significantly improves left ventricular performance, and the more favourable outcomes are achieved in those pace at the delayed contraction site. Tissue Doppler imaging may help to guide the implant of left ventricular lead.

Whennearinfraredspectroscopyisappliedtoon-linemonitoringandcontroloftobaccoflavors,the variation in temperature can severely deteriorate the predictive performance of near infrared spectroscopic calibration models and results in a significant increases of the root mean square error value for the main constituents in syrup samples from 2. 4% to 29. 0%. In this paper, near infrared spectroscopy has been incorporated with an advanced calibration transfer method-loading space standardization to effectively eliminate the deteriorate effects of temperature variation on quantitative results and finally realize the fast and accurate on-line quantitative monitoring and control of tobacco flavors. The root mean square error value for the main constituents in syrup samples is successfully retained at a satisfying low level of 3 . 8%. The results of this paper will provide technical support for the preparation, preservation and use of tobacco flavors, and realize on-line process quality control of cigarettes.