Background and purpose:The screening of the genes being related closely with the mechanism of osteosarcoma metastasis was a difficult point in the realm of orthopaedics.We screened differential expression gene of human osteosarcoma MG-63 cell sublines with different metastatic capabilities with cDNA microarray,and studied the molecular mechanism of osteosarcoma metastasis.Methods:Total RNA of human osteosarcoma MG-63 cell sublines A1 and A2 was extracted,purified to mRNA and then reversely transcripted to cDNA probe respectively.The cDNA probe of A1 was labelled with Cy3 and the cDNA probe of A2 was labelled with Cy5.The two samples were hybridized with the cDNA microarray.The hybridization signals were scanned by Agilent Scanner and obtained data were analyzed using Ima Gene 3.0 software and Genespring software.Results:222 differential expression genes were found between cell sublines A1 and A2 by analyzing gene expression profile.There were 119 upregulated genes and 103 downregulated genes in cell sublines A1.All differential expression genes belonged to six main function groups and 49 genes of these had very obvious differentce in expression.Conclusions:There were many differently expressed genes between A1 and A2 cell sublines and only part of them were closely associated with mechanism of osteosarcoma metastasis.The technology of cDNA microarray could analyze effectively gene expression profile of human osteosarcoma MG-63 cell sublines, and supply a new approach to study the mechanism of osteosarcoma metastasis

Objective To study the effects and mechanisms of diet-induced hyperhomocysteinemia on intimal hyperplasia of balloon-injured carotid arteries in rats. Methods Wistar rats were bred with 1 g/(kg?d) L-methionine. After 4 weeks, all animals underwent left common carotid arteries balloon denudation and the left common carotid arteries was extracted at day 14 and 28. The areas of carotid arteries intima and media, the proliferative index of smooth muscle cell and the percentage of reendothelization were measured and calculated. Results Intimal hyperplasia developed in all balloon-injuried arteries. The neointimal hyperplasia in the HHCY group was more obvious than that of the control group. The intimal thickness, neointimal area, Intima/Media area ratio were increased by 36%, 41%, 36% at 14 day and 33%, 30%, 21% at 28 day, respectively. Luminal area was decreased markedly in HHCY group. The percentage of intimal and medial PCNA positive cells increased by 1.7-fold and 2.3-fold at 14day. The percentage of endothelial covering area was decreased by 52% at 14day and 31% at 28day in HHCY group. Conclusion Diet induced hyperhomocysteinemia can stimulate SMC proliferation and inhibit endothelial regeneration, which leads to exacerbated intimal hyperplasia. This study implicates that homocysteine may be a significant risk factor for restenosis following vascular intervention.

Objective To investigate the relation between brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) rs198388 polymorphism and the susceptibility of essential hypertension in Han population of Hunan. Methods A total of 567 patients with hypertension (the hypertension group) and 555 healthy volunteers (the control group) were enrolled. Gender, age, smoking and drinking history of the 2 groups were not significantly different. Blood pressure was measured in the 2 groups. After fasting for 12 h or more, blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were measured. DNA polymorphism analysis was done by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method, and genotype was determined by agarose gel electrophoresis. Results The GG, GA, and AA genotypeswere detected.The frequencies of GA and AA genotypes and A allele were significantly lower in the hypertension group (GA and AA:12.3%;A:6.9%) than those in the control group (GA and AA:18.4%; A:9.7%; P=0.009, and P=0.014, respectively). Conclusion BNP rs198388 polymorphism may be associated with essential hypertension in Han people in Hunan. Carrying rs198388 GA and AA genotypes and A allele may be the reason for low risk of hypertension.

Objective To study the effectiveness and safety of intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) thrombolysis therapy for acute ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).Methods A total of 94 patients treated with intravenous rt-PA thrombolysis within 4.5 hours after cerebral stroke onset were analyzed and divided into two groups:a non-AF group (n =64) and an AF group (n =30).Another 30 acute ischemic stroke patients with AF without thrombolytic therapy were selected as a control group.The prognosis of the three groups was compared.The National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was used for comparison among the three groups before therapy and 7 days after therapy.The incidences of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and symptomatic ICH (SICH) were recorded.The patients were followed up for 90 days and their clinical outcomes were assessed by using the modified Rankin scale (mRS).Results There were no significant differences in the NIHSS scores among three groups before treatment (P ＞ 0.05).The NIHSS scores were significantly lower in the AF and non-AF groups 7 days after thrombolysis therapy than those before thrombolysis therapy (P ＜0.05 and P ＜0.01),and no significant difference in the NIHSS scores was found in the control group before and after therapy (P ＞ 0.05).The incidence of ICH was significantly higher in the AF group than in the non-AF group (26.7％ vs.9.4％,P ＜ 0.05).No significant difference in the incidence of SICH was found between the AF and non-AF groups (13.3％ vs.6.3％,P ＞ 0.05).The favorable prognosis rate was higher in the AF and nonAFgroups than in control group (40.0％ vs.16.7％,P＜0.05; 45.3％ vs.16.7％,P＜0.01).No significant difference in very unfavorable prognosis rate was found between the AF and non-AF groups (20.0％ vs.18.8％,P ＞0.05).Conclusions It is effective and safe of rt-PA thrombolysis therapy for acute ischemic stroke patients with AF.

Objective To evaluate the association of Smad2/3,Smad4 and P-Smad3 protein expressions in tissue with liver fibrosis in patients with chronic HBV infections.Methods Liver biopsy was performed to determine the liver fibrosis grades in 131 cases of chronic HBV infections.Immunohistochemistry and semiquantitative analysis were applied to detect the expression of Smad2/3,Smad4 and P-Smad3 proteins in liver tissues.Results Smad2/3,Smad4 and P-Smad3 were detected mainly in fibrous septum,portal areas,myofibroblasts,sinus and cytoplasm in the liver tissue.The expression of Smad2/3,Smad4 and P-Smad3 was increased with the development of fibrosis ( r =0.81,0.58and 0.68,P =0.000),and a strong positive correlation was observed among three proteins (r =0.75,0.87and 0.84,P =0.000).Conclusion The expression of Smad2/3,Smad4 and P-Smad3 is correlated with liver fibrosis in chronic HBV infection,which suggests that the up-regulation of Smad proteins may be involved in the progression of liver fibrosis.

Objective To investigate the pregnancy opportunity and outcome of patients with sysmetic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods We carried out a retrospective analysis of the clinical information of patients who suffered from SLE complicated with pregnancy and were hospitalized to People's Hospital of Peking University from December of 1992 to February of 2012.Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis.Results Forty-nine cases of patients with SLE complicated with pregnancy had 52 pregnancies in total.In 27 cases of planned pregnancies,24 cases(89％ )resulted in live births and 5 cases( 18％ ) had flares during pregnancy.Of the 24 live births,3 cases( 12％)were premature deliveries and 4 cases(17％) had low birth weight infants.In 25 cases of unplanned pregnancies,12 cases (48％) resulted in live births and 20 cases (80％) had flares during pregnancy.Of the 12 live births,6 cases(50％ ) were premature deliveries and 6 cases (50％) were low birth weight infants.The patients in the planned pregnancy group tended to have flares during pregnancy more frequently than those in the unplanned group (P＜0.01),the former were more likely to have live births than the latter (P＜0.01) and were less likely to have premature delivery (P＜0.05).Conclusion Patients with SLE should have planned pregnancy and need collaborative supervision of both rheumatology and immunology department and obstetric department to improve live birth rate,decrease premature delivery and the activity of SLE during pregnancy.

Objective To investigate the imaging features of adrenal rest tumor.Methods Twelve patients of adrenal rest tumor proved by surgery or clinical diagnosis were retrospectively analyzed.Among these 12 patients,12 were examined with ultrasound,11 with MR and 1 with CT. MR and CT were performed without and with intravenous injection of contrast material.The imaging features of adrenal rest tumor were retrospectively summarized and the relevant literatures reviewed. Results The adrenal rest tumors were found in testis in 10 of the 12 patients,and in ovaries and broad ligament in the remaining two.The imaging features of the testicular adrenal rest tumor were summarized as following:all patients had bilateral testicular masses without change of the testicular contour. On ultrasonography,the lesions were hypoechoic, with some hyperechoic areas and appeared highly vascularized on Colour Doppler ultrasonography.The masses showed iso-density on plain CT,and avid enhancement on post-contrast CT images.The masses ranging in size from0.7 cm×1.0 cm×2.2 cm to 2.3 cm ×2.7 cm ×2.9 cm with uniform signal intensity,lobulated margin on MRI.They exhibited iso- or slight hyperintensity on T1 WI and hypointensity on T2WI relative to normal testicular parenchyma.The tumors showed intense enhancement on post-contrast MR images. No abnormality was detected with Colour Doppler uhrasonography and MR in 2 patients of adrenal rest tumor in ovaries and broad ligament. Conclusion Combining imaging features with the typical clinical history,the diagnosis of adrenal rest tumor could be suggested pre-operatively.

Objective To study the clinical significance of end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (PetCO2 ) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and seek the fixed value according which to decide if we should and when to give up.Methods This was a prospective,observational study.A total of 124 patients with cardiac arrest in or out-of-hospital from may 2003 to March 2009 in emergency department of our hospital were selected.All of them had definite etiological factors.Changes of PetCO2 in 124 cardiac arrest patients during CPR were tracked.Results The gender,age,rescue time in seventy-one patients with the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after endotracheal intubation have a significant difference with that in fifty-three patients without ROSC (P ＜0.01 ).The PetCO2 of the survival were higher than that of patients without ROSC or with ROSC,but finally died (P ＜0.01 ).A fixed point 14.4 mmHg of PetCO2 after 20 minutes' CPR can be used as a reference value to guide CPR or predict prognosis.Conclusions Monitoring PetCO2 during CPR has a predictive value on the success of resuscitation.

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether endometrial blood flow measured by three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound can predict pregnacy after the treatment of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET).MethodsNinty women who received the treatment of IVF-ET examined by threedimensional power Doppler imaging at the day of inject human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG) were enrolled.All patients were divided into pregnancy group (43 cases,include biochemical pregnancy and clinical pregnancy ) and non-pregnancy group(47 cases).The diagnostic value of parameters derived from threedimensional power Doppler imaging was evaluated by using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC)curve.ResultsDifferences of these parameters,including vascularization index (VI),flow index(Fl) and vascularization flow index (VFI)were considered statistically significant between two groups,the parameters of uterine artery and endometrial volume had no significant differences between two groups.The area under ROC curve of VI,FI and VFI were 0.880,0.713 and 0.646,respectively.Among these parameters,VI had the highest diagnostic value for discriminating between benign and malignant endometrium,the cut-off value of which was 0.733 with a sensitivity of 84.2％.Conclusions Threedimensional power Doppler ultrasound was useful for evaluating endometrial blood flow in IVF-ET cycles.Endometrial blood flow parameters may be useful predictors for pregnancy.

Objective To investigate the expression of μ-opioid system in the epidermis of patients with atopic dermatitis and its role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. Methods Thirty-two mice were equally divided into 4 groups, negative control group, pre-treatment group, naloxone group, and physiological saline group. Ovalbumin was used to sensitize mice in pretreatment group, naloxone group, and physiological saline group for 7 weeks, then, mice in naloxone group and physiological saline group were treated with intracutaneous naloxone or physiological saline solution for 1 week, respectively. Mice were killed in negative control group and pre-treatment group at the end of sensitization, and in naloxone group and physiological saline group after 1-week injection with naloxone or physiological saline, skin tissues were obtained from the back of killed mice and subjected to histological examination with HE staining and quantitative fluorescent PCR for the detection of mRNA expression of μ-opioid receptor (MOR) and its ligand (β-endorphin) in epidermis. The atopic dermatitis severity index of lesions and histological changes were assessed before and after the treatment. Results In comparison with the negative control mice, the epidermal expression level of MOR was signifieantly decreased (t = 2.549, P ＜ 0.05 ) in pre-treatment group, but increased in naloxone group and showed no statistical difference from the negative control group (t = 0.671, P ＞ 0.05). No significant difference was observed in the epidermal β-endorphin mRNA expression between negative control group and pre-treatment group or naloxone group (both P ＞ 0.05 ). The improvement of lesions could be visualized after treatment with naloxone (t = 8.338, P ＜ 0.01 ), which was concordant with the histological changes in naloxone group. Conchusions As an antagonist of MOR, naloxone can restore the expression of epidermal MOR in mice model for atopic dermatitis, and shows a certain efficacy in the treatment of atopic dermatitis, which proves that μ-opioid system is somewhat associated with the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis.