This study was aimed to select the best preparation form of Aurea Helianthus in order to provide a scientific basis for research and development of anti-myocardial ischemia drugs.The content of effective index components of preparation of Aurea Helianthus was detected using HPLC-PDA.Acute myocardial ischemia rat model introduced by injecting pituitrin was used to investigate the effect of anti-myocardial ischemia.The quality of preparation from Aurea Helianthus was characterized based on pharmacy and efficacy.And the characterized results were given correlation analysis.The results showed that the HPLC method for quantitative determination was verified by methodology.The average recoveries were in the range of 97.04％-102.44％.All three preparations of Aurea Helianthus had the efficacy of anti-myocardial ischemia in varying degrees.The enrichment had the highest effect with lowest extraction rate and the lowest dosage,which was the best form in medicinal-preparation application of Aurea Helianthus.It was concluded that the content of related drug components was higher with unique proportion in enrichment of Aurea Helianthus which was prepared based on drug system proved a high quality medicine.Therefore,the key to the improvement of efficacy was to explore the fittest proportion and improve the content of related pharmaceutical ingredients pertinently according to drug system.

This paper was designed in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of rats, to explore the role of transient receptor potential channel 4 (TRPC4) as Ca(2+) selective channel by detecting the changes of the expression of TRPC4 in different parts of cerebral tissues under the condition of focal cerebral ischemia. The rats were sacrificed after MCAO surviving time 6 h, 12 h, 1 d, 3 d. As determined by Western blot, the expressions of TRPC4 in striatum and hippocampus of 12 h, 1 d, 3 d groups were significant higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Immunohistochemical staining showed that the TRPC4 immunoreactive substances were present in the membrane of neurons. Compared with the control group, immunostaining positive cells increased in hippocampus and striatum of cerebral ischemia groups. The TRPC4 immunostaining positive cells increased significantly in 1d-group and 3d-group (P<0.05). It suggests that as a Ca(2+) selective channel, the variance of the expression of TRPC4 may play a role in acute and delayed neuronal injury in focal cerebral ischemia.
Animals ; Cation Transport Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Corpus Striatum ; metabolism ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery ; metabolism ; Ion Channels ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism ; TRPV Cation Channels

Immunohistochemistry and double immunofluorescent labeling techniques combined with confocal laser scanning microscope analysis were used to investigate the characteristic spatial induction profile of nestin following a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in adult rat brain. The results showed that nestin was induced in ischemic core at 1 day after reperfusion. In addition to ischemic core, the expression of nestin increased in peri-ischemic I, II and III regions at 3 days and 1 week, then it decreased and narrowed along the rim of ischemic core 2 weeks after reperfusion. Double immunofluorescent labeling showed that nestin positive cells were mostly co-stained with GFAP,a astrocyte marker, in peri-ischemic I region 3 days after reperfusion. At 2 weeks, however nestin cells showed a long process and the cells double stained with nestin and NSE,a neuonal specific marker,increased in the ischemic brain. The results suggest that cerebral ischemia induces nestin expression in damaged neurons which might favor the neuroprotection against ischemic damage.
Animals ; Brain ; metabolism ; pathology ; Brain Ischemia ; metabolism ; pathology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery ; metabolism ; pathology ; Nestin ; metabolism ; Neurons ; metabolism ; Rats

Objective To identify the isolates of Shewanella spp.from specimens of food poisoning based on biological and biochemical analysis.Methods Strains were obtained from the investigation on two food poisoning episodes in September and October,2007 in Ma'anshan city,Anhui province.In accordance with the national standard protocol(GB/T 4789),all specimens were enriched and isolated on selective medium,and the suspected strains were ldentified by the VITEK-32 and API20E systems.For Shewanella spp.identified by the biochemical system,more characteristics were analyzed using auxiliary biochemical,growth,hemolytic and drug-resistance tests.DNAs of Shewanella spp.were extracted,16S rDNA was PCR amplified and sequenced with universal 16S rDNA primers.Phylogenetic tree was constructed with MEGA 4.0.Results After enrichment, all specimens were inoculated to selective medium and Shewanella spp.strains were isolated from 8 samples with single colony on both TCBS and BP media.The characteristics of growth in the Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) agar appeared to have had hydrogen sulfide production but no gas production or positive oxidase.No Shewanella spp.strain was detected in WS,SS and EMB media.The 8 strains were identified as Shewanella algae(S.algae) or Shewanella putrefaciens(S.putrefaciens) by VITEK-32,as S.putrefaciens by API20E system.No other enteropathogenic bacteria,including Vibrio cholerae,Salmonella,Vibrio parahaemolyticus,Proteus vulgaris or Staphylococcus aureua,were detected from those 8 samples.From 16S rDNA phylogenetic trees,7 out of 8 ShewaneUa spp.were identified as S.algae.1 as S.putrefaeiens.Conclusion Strains of Shewanella spp.were lsolated from samples of the food poisoning episodes,providing a possible clue to investigate the role of Shewanella spp.on food poisoning

Objective To establish qualityrep resentation and correlation analysis method of Ligustrum lucidum Ait.(Glossy Privet Fruit,Nüzhenzi)based on characteristic spectrum of drug system,so as to evaluate thequality of Nüzhenzi decoction pieces accurately and comprehensively.Methods Usinges-tablished HPLC-PDA method to represent the quality of Nüzhenzi characteristic spectrum of drug system. Then the qualitative representation of 14 batches of Nüzhenzi decoction pieces was based on the quantity and type of characteristic peaks of specific chromatograms,the quantitative representation of 14 batches of Nüzhenzi pieces was based on the content of four characteristic index components including salidroside, tyrosol,specnuezhenide and quercetin and the sum of iridoids (using specnuezhenide for representation)and flavonoids (using quercetin for representation ), then correlation analysis was based on the representation results of quantity and quality respectively in 14 batches of Nüzhenzi pieces referenced to thebenchmarkdecoctionpiece.Results TakingLot.S10as the benchmark,in Nüzhenzi HPLCspecific chromatogram there were 1 1 characteristic peaks which were common in all batches,including two benzene glycosides peaks ,five iridoids peaks,four flavonoids peaks.The contents of effective index components in batch S14,S12,S5,S8,S9,S6 and S11 were higher,with the highest correlation in S14, S12,S5,S8,S9 and S10,so the quality of S5,S8,S9,S12,and S14 were superior to other batches. Conclusion The evaluation model of qualityrep resentation and correlation analysis of Nüzhenzispecific chromatogram concerning on correlation of the overall quality and the effectiveness of the application,can effectively and accurately evaluate the quality of Nüzhenzi.

This study was purposed to explore the apoptosis-inducing effect of tetrandrine (Tet) and imatinib (IM) alone or both combined on K562/G01 cells and their mechanism. MTT assay was used to detect the inhibitory effect of drugs on cell growth, flow cytometry was used to detect the cell cycle and apoptosis rate. The expression of caspase-3/BCL-2 mRNA was determined by real time-PCR, and the expression of caspase-3/BCL-2 protein was assayed by Western blot. The results showed that after being treated by 1.0 µmol/L IM or 1.5 µmol/L Tet alone and combination of these two drugs for 48 h, the inhibitory rate was (22.74 ± 0.05)%, (20.34 ± 0.57)% and (44.28 ± 0.60)%, respectively, suggesting that inhibitory effect of two drug combination was more obvious. The arrest of cell cycle at G1/S phase could be observed after Tet treatment. Early apoptosis rate was (7.81 ± 0.16) %, (14.10 ± 0.28) % respectively after being treated by combination of 1.5 µmol/L and 3.0 µmol/L Tet with 1.0 µmol/L IM. After being treated with Tet alone, FQ-PCR and Western blot showed that the expressions of caspase-3 mRNA and caspase-3 protein were up-regulated, the expressions of BCL-2 mRNA and protein were down-regulated, the effect of both drug combination was more significant. It is concluded that IM or Tet alone can induce apoptosis of K562/G01. Combination of IM with Tet shows obvious synergistic effect, mechanism of which may associate with up-regulation of caspase-3 mRNA and protein expressions, and down-regulation of BCL-2 mRNA and protein expressions.
Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Benzamides ; pharmacology ; Benzylisoquinolines ; pharmacology ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic ; Humans ; Imatinib Mesylate ; K562 Cells ; Piperazines ; pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Pyrimidines ; pharmacology

Objective To determine the key factors affecting the quality of Kaixin San Heart-opening powder and the best preparation forms of Kaixin San,laying the groundwork of anti-dementia drug devel-opment from Kaixin San.Methods The content of effective index components of medicinal-preparation of Kaixin San was detected by using HPLC.The quality of medicinal preparation from Kaixin San were characterized based on the content,relative quantity,relative ratio of content,yield rate and anti-dementia effect,and the characterized results were given correlation analysis.Results The method of the determi-nation of effective index components from Kaixin San is easy to handle,accurate and highly reproducible. The effect of anti-dementia of three medicinal preparations from Kaixin San was listed in the following de-scending order of enrichment,ethanol extract,and water extract.The content of effective index compo-nents is higher with unique proportion,lower extraction rate,lower dosage and higher antibacterial effect, which is the best form in medicinal-preparation application of Kaixin San.Conclusion The key to the improvment of efficacy is to explore the fittest content and relative ratio of medicinal components based on the basic composition of Kaixin San and yield rate.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the impact of staghorn stone branch number on outcomes of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL).

METHODSFrom January 2009 to January 2013, the 371 patients with staghorn stones who were referred to our hospital for PNL were considered for this study. All calculi were showed with CT 3-dimentional reconstruction (3-DR) imaging. The computerized database of the patients had been reviewed. Our exclusion criterion was patients with congenital renal anomalies, such as horse-shoe and ectopic kidneys. And borderline stones that branched to one major calyx only were also not included. From 3-DR images, the number of stone branching into minor renal calices was recorded. We made "3" as the branch breakdown between groups. And the patients were divided into four groups. The number of percutaneous tract, operative time, staged PNL, intra-operative blood loss, complications, stone clearance rate, and postoperative hospital day were compared.

RESULTSThe 371 patients (386 renal units) underwent PNL successfully, included 144 single-tract PNL, 242 multi-tract PNL, 97 staged PNL. The average operative time was (100 ± 50) minutes; the average intra-operative blood loss was (83 ± 67) ml. The stone clearance rate were 61.7% (3 days) and 79.5% (3 months). The postoperative hospital stay was (6.9 ± 3.4) days. A significantly higher ratio of multi-tract (χ(2) = 212.220, P < 0.01) and staged PNL (χ(2) = 49.679, P < 0.01), longer operative time (F = 4.652, P < 0.01) and postoperative hospital day (F = 2.067, P = 0.043) and lower rate of stone clearance (χ(2) = 10.691 and 47.369, P < 0.05) were found in PNL for calculi with stone branch number ≥ 5. There was no statistically meaningful difference among the 4 groups based on Clavien complication system (P = 0.460).

CONCLUSIONThe possibility of multi-tract and staged PNL, lower rate of stone clearance and longer postoperative hospital day increase for staghorn calculi with stone branch number more than 5.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi ; pathology ; surgery ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephrostomy, Percutaneous ; Operative Time ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome