ObjectiveTo study central venous oxygen saturation (ScyO2) in controlled hemorrhagic shock rabbits resuscitation process as a transfusion trigger and traditional transfusion trigger of comparison.MethodsSelection New Zealand pure line of rabbit 32 only,simple randonly divided into 4 groups,groups A and B for the observation group,groups C and D as control group,groups of eight only.A,B,C,D four groups respectively by ScvO2 ≤70％,ScvO2 ≤75％,hemoglobin (Hb)≥8g/dl,blood loss for the whole blood volume≥30％ as transfusion trigger.From right femoral artery bloodletting 10 minute inside,made the MAP to about (40 ± 5 )mmHg,and maintained the blood pressure 60 minutes,established controlled hemorrhagic shock rabbits of animal model.And then started to resuscitate,with colloid and crystalloid infusion according to the proportion 1∶2,infusion rate of about 10 ～ 15ml/( kg · h),according to the blood pressure and heart rate,and proper adjustment according to the different requirements of each group conducted a blood transfusion.Monitoring based value,shock,shock treatment 30 minutes,60 minutes,120 minutes,180 minutes all time points,and various indexes of blood loss,blood transfusions,crystalloid and colloid fluid volume and so on.ResultsIn shock treatment observation group A late blood pressure,pH,BE,HCO3-,O2ER etc compared with the other three groups had obvious statistical differences ( P ＜ 0.05 ),group B with C and D two groups at the same time points each monitoring were no significant differences ( P ＞0.05 ).The volume of transfusion group C was most,compared with the other three groups were significant difference ( P ＜ 0.05 ),group D of blood transfusions than A,B two groups (P ＜ 0.05 ),groups A and B infused colloid fluid,crystal fluid volume than groups C and D ( P ＜ 0.05 ),each group blood lossed without significant difference.ConclusionScvO2 for controlled hemorrhagic shock rabbit resuscitation monitoring can guide controlled hemorrhagic shock rabbit of blood transfusions,according to ScvO2 ≤75％ transfusion with traditional according to Hb or blood loss transfusion trigger comparison,can achieve the same resuscitation effect,and can more accurately and individualized guide transfusion,reduce unnecessary blood transfusions,save resources.

Angina Pectoris ; drug therapy ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Phytotherapy ; Technology, Pharmaceutical

Objective To discuss significance of continuous monitoring of jugular venous oxygen saturation(S_(jv)O_2)in the course of mild hypothermia treatment(MHT)for severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI).Methods Intracranial pressure(ICP),S_(jv)O_2 and brain tissue pressure(P_(bt)O_2)were contin- uously monitored in 36 cases with sTBI for analyzing the correlation between S_(jv)O_2 and P_(bt)O_2.Results (1)There was negative linear correlation between P_(bt)O_2 and ICP(r=-0.978,P＜0.05),negative lin- ear correlation between S_(jv)O_2 and ICP(r=-0.947,P＜0.05)and positive linear correlation between P_(bt)O_2 and S_(jv)O_2(r=0.965,P＜0.05)within 24 hours and at 36 hours and 48 hours after injury.(2) The cases with decreased S_(jv)O_2 value had a worse outcome than those with normal S_(jv)O_2.meanwhile,the cases with abnormal increase of S_(jv)O_2 value had worse prognosis.Prognnsis was improved significantly with increase of S_(jv)O_2 in certain range(P＜0.05).Conclusion Continuous monitoring of S_(jv)O_2 can reflect the condition of hemicerebral oxygen metabolism and guide treatment and predicting outcome.

The process of U(VI) biosorption by freshwater algae Chlorella pyrenoidosa and its absorption mechanism, absorption thermodynamics and absorption kinetics were investigated in this paper. The effects of pH, contact time, initial U(VI) concentration and temperature on biosorption were studied respectively. Research result showed that the absorption effect of U(VI) by Chlorella pyrenoidosa was affected by pH value of solution to a great extent, the absorption reached its balance within 5 min with optimal pH value 6 and max absorption quantity 2.7 mg/g. On the other hand, the absorption quantity of U(VI) by Chlorella pyrenoidosa was positively correlated with the initial concentration of U(VI); and the absorption quantity did not fluctuate remarkably when temperature was varied at the range of 20℃ to 30℃. Research result also showed that the process of U(VI) absorption was congruent with the second order kinetic model, and the correlation coefficient was high reaching to 0.99. It was suggested that the U(VI) biosorption by Chlorella pyrenoidosa was a complicated process consisting of many simultaneous reactions and could be described by Languir model quite well.

Seven acylated triterpene saponins were isolated from the roots of Securidaca inappendiculata by means of various chromatographic techniques such as silica gel, MPLC, preparative HPLC, and semi-preparative HPLC. Their chemical structures were identified as securioside A(1), securioside B(2), 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl presenegenin 28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-4-O-[(E)-3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl]-β-D-fucopyranosyl ester(3), 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl presenegenin 28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3) ] -4-O-[(E/Z)-3, 4-dimethoxycinnamoyl]-β-D-fucopyranosyl ester(3/4), 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl presenegenin 28-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1-->3)-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-4-O-[(E)-3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl]-β-D-fucopyranosyl ester(5), polygalasa- ponin XLV(6), and polygalasaponin XLVI (7) on the basis of spectroscopic data analysis and physicochemical properties. Among them, compounds 5-7 were isolated from the plants in genus Securidaca for the first time and compounds 3, 3/4 were isolated from the species for the first time. The cytotoxicity assay showed that compounds 2, 3/4, 5 have moderate cytotoxic activities against Lewis lung carcinoma LLC cells with IC50 values of 41.10, 38.17, and 48.92 µmol · L(-1), respectively; compound 2 exhibited moderate cytotoxic activities against human breast cancer MCF-7 cells with an IC50 value of 47.93 µmol · L(-1).
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Humans ; MCF-7 Cells ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Saponins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Securidaca ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study the factors affecting extracellular glycerol (Gly) in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (STBI).

METHODSPerilesional extracellular Gly and cerebral blood flow (CBF) in 53 patients with STBI were consecutively monitored. Simultaneously, the intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CCP) were monitored. The hourly minimum of CCP and CBF and the hourly maximum of ICP levels were matched with the hourly Gly. Gly values were divided into several groups according to regional ICP (less than 15 mm Hg or larger than 15 mm Hg), CCP (less than 70 mm Hg or larger than 70 mm Hg), CBF (less than 50 AU or 50-150 AU) and the outcomes (death or persistent vegetative state group, severe or moderate disability group, and good recovery group).

RESULTSIn comparison with the severe or moderate disability group, the Gly concentration of the death or persistent vegetative state group increased significantly, but CBF and CCP decreased significantly. In comparison with the good recovery group, the Gly concentration of the severe or moderate disability group increased significantly, but CBF and CCP decreased significantly. The Gly concentrations in patients with ICP larger than 15 mm Hg, CCP less than 70 mm Hg and CBF less than 50 AU were respectively higher than those of patients with ICP less than 15 mm Hg, CCP larger than 70 mm Hg and 50 AU less than CBF less than 150 AU. In patients with diffuse axial injury, the mean Gly concentration was (201.17+/-55.00) micromol/L, which was significantly higher than that of the patients with epidural hematoma (n equal to 7, 73.26+/-8.37, P less than 0.05) or subdural hematoma (n equal to 9, 114.67+/-62.88, P less than 0.05), but it did not increase significantly when compared with those in patients with contusion(n equal to 24, 167.48+/-52.63).

CONCLUSIONGly can be taken as a marker for degradation of membrane phospholipids and ischemia, which reflects the severity of primary or secondary insult.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Biomarkers ; analysis ; Brain Chemistry ; Brain Injuries ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; Extracellular Space ; chemistry ; Female ; Glycerol ; analysis ; Humans ; Male ; Microdialysis ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of mild hypothermia on glucose metabolism and glycerol of brain tissue in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (STBI) using clinical microdialysis.

METHODSThirty-one patients with STBI(GCS less than or equal to 8) were randomly divided into hypothermic group(Group A) and control group(Group B). Microdialysis catheters were inserted into the cerebral cortex of perilesional and normal brain tissue. All samples were analyzed using CMA microdialysis analyzer.

RESULTSIn comparison with the control group, lactate/glucose ratio(L/G), lactate/pyruvate ratio(L/P) and glycerol(Gly) in perilensional tissue were significantly decreased; L/P in normal brain tissue was significantly decreased. In control group, L/G, L/P and Gly in perilensional tissue were higher than that in normal brain tissue. In the hypothermic group, L/P in perilensional tissue was higher than that in relative normal brain.

CONCLUSIONSMild hypothermia protects brain tissues by decreasing L/G, L/P and Gly in perilensional tissue and L/P in "normal brain" tissues. The energy crisis and membrane phospholipid degradation in perilensional tissue are easier to happen after traumatic brain injury, and mild hypothermia protects brain better in perilensional tissue than in normal brain tissue.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Brain ; metabolism ; Brain Injuries ; metabolism ; therapy ; Glucose ; metabolism ; Glycerol ; analysis ; Humans ; Hypothermia, Induced ; methods ; Microdialysis ; Middle Aged

The purpose of study was to investigate the feasibility of the application of cationic propyl gallate (C-PG) as inducer of platelet aggregation for evaluating the platelet function of single-donor plateletpheresis and identifying the incidence of defective platelet function among donors. Experiments were as follows: 3 healthy volunteers' platelet aggregation induced by 100-300 micromol/L C-PG was determined by LG-PABER analyzer to observe the effect of C-PG concentration on platelet aggregation; 30 healthy volunteers' platelet aggregation before and 24 hours after administration of 200-400 mg acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) was examined after induction by 200 micromol/L C-PG for determining the cut-off value to discriminate platelet dysfunction donors; the platelet aggregation of 483 platelet donors was detected and the activated plasma clotting time (APCT) of donors who have deficiency in platelet aggregation was examined for investigating the incidence of defective platelet function among donors. The results showed that platelets were activated by C-PG induction in a dose dependent manner, when concentration of C-PG reached 200 micromol/L, the percentage of platelet aggregation was highest. It significantly decreased after 24 hours with ASA than that before the administration (P < 0.001), especially in 180 seconds induced by C-PG. If cut-off point was fixed on the platelet aggregation < 20% in 180 seconds, donors of platelet dysfunction can be selected effectively. 25 of defective platelet aggregation function among 483 donors were detected, and 11 out of 25 platelet dysfunction donors had the deficiency in procoagulant activity with prolonged APCT. It is concluded that C-PG as inducer of platelet aggregation is feasible to screen the platelet function of donors. Five percent of platelet donors has function defect examined by C-PG as inducer of platelet aggregation.
Antioxidants ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Aspirin ; administration & dosage ; Blood Donors ; Blood Platelets ; cytology ; drug effects ; physiology ; Cations ; chemistry ; Humans ; Platelet Activation ; drug effects ; Platelet Aggregation ; drug effects ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; administration & dosage ; Platelet Function Tests ; Platelet Transfusion ; Propyl Gallate ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Whole Blood Coagulation Time

Objective To elucidate gene mutation and promoter methylation changes of p16 gene in pheochromocytomas (PHEO) and paragangliomas (PGL) and to assess its relation with tumor clinical characters. Methods A total of 34 tumors (20 PHEO, 14 PG L, 15 benign, 19 malignant) were collected.Direct sequencing of p16 gene after PCR was performed to analyze genetic alterations. Hypermethylation of p16 gene promoter CpG island was analyzed by methylation specific PCR(MSP). In addition, mRNA expression was detected by RT-PCR. Results Homozygous deletion and gene mutation were not observed in 34 PHEO and PGL. Aberrant methylation of p16 gene promoter CpG island was found in 35.3% (12 of 34 tumors, 3 PHEO, 9 PGL). The p16 promoter hypermethylation in PGL was significantly higher than PHEO (P=0. 005). The higher p16 promoter hypermethylation was associated with malignant behavior, tumor number, and younger age at presentation, but no statistical significance, due to the limited number of cases. The p16 mRNA expression in malignant cases was lower than in benign tumors(0.83±0.65 vs 1.12±0.81 ,P=0.278). Conclusion p16 gene homozygous deletion and mutation were not frequent in PHEO and PGL. The promoter hypermethylation is mainly attributed to inactivation of the p16 gene.

CD62p expression was an important monitoring parameter for preserved platelets quality. To setup an optimized flow cytometry assay for preserved platelets based on the CD62p expression on platelets, the platelet samples were collected, 0.1 mmol/L persantine and 1.1 mmol/L EDTA were added into the modified TB S used to replace PBS dilution; the methodological evaluation were carried out. Results showed that 0.1 mmol/L persantine and 1.1 mmol/L EDTA achieved to prevent platelets activation during the test procedure. The favorable negative or positive samples were prepared for check of fluorescence antibody's quality to ensure the validity of results. CD61 was used to identify platelets for assay and improve veracity of assay. The special injector was also replaced by special big syringe needle for blood collection to reduce in vitro artifacts, and the prepared sample can be steady-going for 48 hours at 4 degrees C after fixed by 1% paraformaldehyde. It is concluded that this flow cytometry assay for CD62p positive platelets is simple and efficient.
Blood Platelets ; chemistry ; Blood Preservation ; Flow Cytometry ; methods ; Humans ; P-Selectin ; blood