Objective　To investigate the pattern of human neutrophil degranulation mediated by Fc alpha receptors. Methods　IgA immune complexes (IgA IC) and specific monoclonal antibody were used to stimulate neutrophil degranulation. Lactoferrin released by stimulated neutrophils was quantitatively determined. Results　Monoclonal antibody and IgA IC could both induce neutrophil lactoferrin release. However, monoclonal antibody induced rapid and strong degranulation whilst the effect of IgA IC was much weaker. Conclusion　The pattern of neutrophil degranulation induced by IgA IC and monoclonal antibody is different.

Objective To optimize the extraction process and to establish a method for the content determination of the polysaccharides in Ophiopogonjaponicus.Methods With extracts rate of polysaccharide as the index,an orthogonal de- sign test was adopted to optimize the extraction process.And phenol-sulphuric acid colorimetric method was used to de- termine the content of polysaccharides in Ophiopogonjaponicus.Results The optimum extract conditions were as follows: refluxing twice with eight times amount of water,thirty minutes each time,and precipitation with 80 % alcohol.A good linearity of polysaccharides was in range of 0.02032～0.10008 mg(r=0.9998),and the average recovery rate was 102.41%,RSD was 1.78 %.Conclusion The polysaccharide can be fully extracted under these conditions.

Objective To study the inhibitory effect of triethyltin chloride(TETC) on proliferation of rat C6 glioma cells in vitro and its mechanism and provide basis for research on TETC in treatment for glioma.Methods MTT assay was performed to determine the inhibitory rate of 0.5,1.0 and 2.0 ?mol?L-1 TETC on rat C6 glioma cells for 24 and 48 h.The changes of nucleus of C6 glioam cells treated with 0.5,1.0 and 2.0 ?mol?L-1 TETC for 48 h were observed by fluorescent microscope.Flow cytometry was used to assess the effects of 0.5,1.0 and 2.0 ?mol?L-1 TETC on cell cycle and apoptosis in rat C6 glioma cells for 48 h.Results 0.5,1.0 and 2.0 ?mol?L-1 TETC inhibited the proliferation of C6 glioma cells in vitro,and the inhibitory rates were 7.92%,9.51%,19.03% and 15.62%,36.16%,41.92% in 24 h TETC treated group and 48 h TETC treated group,respectively.The inhibitory rate of TETC on C6 glioma cells determined by MTT assay increased in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner,and there were significant differences of the inhibitory rates at 48 h between control and various doses groups as well as between various doses groups(P

Objective To study the inhibitory effects of triethyltin chloride(TETC) on proliferation and the morphological changes of rat C6 glioma cells in vivo.Methods C6 glioma cells were autotransplanted into 16 Wistar rats,and the rats were divided into experiment group and control group.TETC was injected into each rat through intraperitoneal route at the dose of 1 mg?kg-1?d-1 and the injection lasted 4 d in experiment group,and the physiological saline was injected into each rat in the same way as experiment group in control group.The weights of C6 glioma were measured and the proliferation rate of the tumor was calculated after 14 d.The morphological changes of C6 glioma cells were observed by HE staining and electron microscope.Results The weight of C6 glioma in TETC group was lighter than that in control group(P

The results of different interventions administered in 118 cases with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) for 3 years were investigated. The rates of transformation of IFG to diabetes mellitus in metformin treatment groups and rosiglitazone treatment groups were significantly lower than that in life style intervention group. This study suggested that metformin or rosiglitazone treatment could effectively reduce transformation of IFG to diabetes as compared with life style intervention.

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This study was aimed to establish an analytical method to determine spinosin, jujuboside A, jujuboside B and betulinic acid content of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen quickly and accurately. The UPLC determination of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen method was established on an HSS T3 Column (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.8 μm) eluted with the mobile phase consisted of water containing 0.03% phosphoric acid and acetonitrile in gradient mode with the flow rate of 0.5 mL?min-1 and the detection wavelength was set at 204 nm. The standard curves of spinosin, jujuboside A, jujuboside B, betulinic acid showed a good linearity in 29.70 - 594.0 μg?mL-1, 10.68 - 213.6 μg?mL-1, 6.175 - 123.5 μg?mL-1, 22.00 - 440.0 μg?mL-1, respectively. The mean recoveries (n = 9) of the four components were between 98 . 3% and 99 . 4%, RSD < 1 . 4%. This method which is quick and accurate can be used to determine spinosin, jujuboside A, jujuboside B and betulinic acid in Ziziphi Spinosae Semen.

Larotaxel, a new taxane compound prepared by partial synthesis from 10-deacetyl baccatin Ⅲ, is active against tumors. In this research, a selective LC–MS method was developed and validated for the study of degradation kinetics of larotaxel, which was carried out in aqueous solutions with different pH (1.5, 3.0, 5.0, 6.5, 7.4, 9.0, 10 and 11.0) and temperature (0, 25, 37 and 45 °C). The linear range was 0.5–25μg/mL, the intra-and inter-day precisions were less than 7.0%, and accuracy ranged from 97.4–104.5% for each analyte. The observed rate obtained by measuring the remaining intact larotaxel was shown to follow first-order kinetics. The activation energies for degradation were 126.7 and 87.01 kJ/mol at pH 1.5 and 11, respectively. Although larotaxel was stable in pH 5, 6.5 and 7.4 buffers at 37 °C for 24 h during our study, increasing or decreasing the pH of the solutions would decrease its stabilities. Moreover, three main degradation products in alkaline condition were separated by HPLC and identified by Q–TOF–MS. The three degradation products were confirmed as 10-deacetyl larotaxel, 7, 8-cyclopropyl baccatin Ⅲ and 10-deacetyl-7, 8-cyclopropyl baccatin Ⅲ.

ObjectiveTo analyze the disc working zone of intervertebral foramens (ⅣF) for percutaneous posterolateral approach to the lumbar disc with dissection and measurement of adult cadaveric spine speciments.MethodsTwenty-five lumbar IVFs of cadaveric spines(age:45-65 years; body height:150-176 cm) were studied.The heights of the intervertebral space at the most posterior margin (h) and the angles between the nerve root and the plane of the disc (β) at the sagittal plane and the distance from the nerve root to posterolateral margin of disc(d) were measured.The distances from nerve root to the lateral edge of articular process at the plane of the inferior endplate of the upper vertebra (a1) and the plane of the superior endplate of the vertebra below(a2) were measured.We also measured the distance between the nerve root and the dura at two planes of the vertebra endplate(b1,b2) after removing the lamina and articular processes.ResultsThe disc in the ⅣF is contained in the trapezoid shaped zone at the sagittal plane or the coronal plane.The parameters of two trapezoids are displayed:h is (7.0±1.1) mm; β is 77.6°±8.4°; d is (3.4±2.3)mm; a1 is (9.4±2.2) mm; a2 is (10.8±4.6) mm; b1 is (9.9±2.7) mm; and b2 is (17.7±2.1) mm.All values increase as the level goes down except the value of β,which decreases.ConclusionThe disc working zone of ⅣF is a complicated three-dimensional structure changed from the Kambin's triangle,which could be simulated by construction of two trapezoid on sagittal and coronal planes.The anatomic study of the structure is able to help the clinical transforaminal managements of the lumbar disc.For example,the dimension of working cannula could be figured out by the height of the intervertebral space.The angle of the needle inserted is affected by the distance from nerve root to the disc in this structure.

Aspergillus oryzae is an important microorganism,which was widely used in the fields of food,brewing,pharmacy and fermentation industry etc and was termed as a generally regarded as safe(GRAS) organism by the United States Food and Drug Administration(FDA).The strategies for promoting the expression of homologous and heterologous proteins in Aspergillus oryzae were reviewed.Which included the usage of strong promoters,multicopies of coding genes,optimization of culture medium and overexpression of the hemoglobin domains(HBD) etc.Heterologous proteins were usually exhibited low expression in Aspergillus oryzae due to the degradation by the proteinases from host.Therefore,development of proteinase auxotrophic stains of Aspergillus oryzae as host is neccessary.In addition,fusion of the heterologous protein with a highly secreted protein of Aspergillus oryzae was an alternative way to prompt the expression of heterologous protein in Aspergillus oryzae.