50 tracheotomy patients with mechanical breathing were performed respiratory tract control for suitable breathing. Result 5 patients recovered and had spontaneously breathing without respirator in 3~5days, then the trachea cannulas were pulled out in 1~2 weeks. Conclusion effective respiratory tract control may enhance the curative rate and improve patients' life quality.

Phylogenetic markers are the gene fragments that demonstrate the gene tic relationships between organisms To differentiate close taxa, many new phyl oge n etic markers were used, with which the polyphasic taxonomy was enriched This a r ticle chiefly described the characters of several phylogenetic markers and their applications in the studies of the phylogenetics of bacteria

Medical purpose is a concept of viewing the situation as a whole, development and perpetuity. It is important that how to realize the medical purpose but not define itself.There are similar main conten of medical purpose extending directly from various stages and existing between eastern and western countries, and this is determined by characteristics of mde-icine. However, the fommer concept of medical purpose will show relative partial deficiency, and its intension will enlarge in the new stage of social, ecconomic and medical development. It also brings us new methods, ideas of thought, and make them fit for the requirement of society to medicine and the non-fungible function of medicine to human health. So the central content of medical purpose is running after the health of person and human based on elevating life quality, maintain and enhance social productive forces. This is extreme purpose of medicine and common adimission of world medicine.The realization of medical purpose is guided and restricted by the concept of humanistic ethics. So, understanding and discussion of medical bepose must be carried out guided by it and its theory frame. The centre of mordern medical humanism is the respection to the human valuation related to medicine, including that of person, group and society. Primarily, the valuation is emphasized on the human life quality and health valuvation, which are directly and first reflected not only in mordern medical humanism, but also in medical purpose.In this sense, the intension of medical humanism is equivalent to the central content of medical prupose defined above all, and the medical humanism is medical purpose. The focus reflection of medical purpose is the thought of medical humanism, one is objective of medical developmant another is the thought and principle defined for achieving the objective.

Objective: To study the chemical constituents of Chinese herb Fructus Ligustri lucidi , providing theoretic evidence for its exploitation and utilization. Methods: Chemical constituents of Fructus Ligustri lucidi were isolated and purified by solvent extraction and chromatography; their structures were identified by physiochemical properties and spectroscopic analysis. Results: Seven compounds were isolated from the ethanol extract of the fruits and identified as oleanolic acid(Ⅰ), luteolin 7 O ? D glucoside(Ⅱ), quercitrin(Ⅲ), ? sitosterol 3 O ? D glucoside(Ⅳ), p hydroxyphenethyl ? D glucoside(Ⅴ), D mannitol(Ⅵ) and hexitol(Ⅶ). Compounds Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅶ were obtained from this plant for the first time. Conclusion: Seven compounds have been obtained from the title plant, which provides a base for its future use.

The pterion of 400 Chinese adult skulls, 252 males and 148 females, wasstudied. It was found that the epipteric bone was rather common. When cal-culated according to A. J. P. von Broek's classification which includes epiptericumanterius, epiptericum posterius, in addition to the most common epiptericumtypicum, the frequency was 42% in terms of number of skulls ed 27% interms of number of sides. The fronto-temporal suture type, however, was smallin number (3.0% in terms of the number of skulls and 1.75% in terms of thenumber of sides), due to the presence of a frontal process of the temporalbone. Both the epipteric bone and the fronto-temporal suture were found to bemore common in the female than in the male. Various theories regarding theorigin of these alterations are introduced and discussed.

Objective To understand the application status of physical assessment in clinical nurses. Methods Using self-designed physical assessment skills questionnaire to investigate nurses in six provinces of China, 1115 questionnaires were valid. Results There were 171 items in this questionnaire,4.0% of them were used regularly, 19.3% used frequently, 76.7% used occasionally. The result of Spearman correlation showed that there was positive correlation between the frequency of physical assessment skills and the subjective needs of nurses, regional, educational background, hospital level. There was also negative correlation with title, age and seniority. Conclusions The main factors lead to imbalance development of physical assessment skills are regional, hospital-level and education background; the assessment skills of specialist hospitals and wards need to be standardized immediately.

Objective To investigate the role of the pulmonary function, arterial blood gas analysis, the St George respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ) score and nutritional status in evaluating the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Method Changes of the above-mentioned parameters were analyzed in hospitalized patients suffered from moderate to severe COPD and compared with parameters of those who had acute exacerbations when admitted to hospital. Results The forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)% pred and oxygenation index of the patients declined significantly with the development of the disease after one, two, three, four times in hospital [(68.43 ± 3.09)%, (61.27 ± 3.38 )%, (42.05 ± 4.16)%, (33.64 ± 3.34)% and 435.55 ± 10.23, 404.35 ± 11.56, 358.38 ± 13.21, 321.29 ± 11.78] (P < 0.05), while the level of PaCO2 increased significantly in moderate COPD [(36.23 ± 3.62), (45.44 ± 4.67), (57.82 ± 4.12), (78.28 ± 5.21 )mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa) ] (P<0.05). The oxygenation index was declined significantly in severe COPD. The scores of SGRQ score declined significantly in all patients while the level of hemoglobin, albumin and body mass index did not change significantly. Conclusions Acute ex-acerbation attributes to the deterioration of pulmonary function and life quality of COPD patients. Monitoring the changes of pulmonary function, arterial blood gas analysis and SGRQ score may be useful in the evaluation of the development of COPD.

Since the first successful establishment of human embryonic stem cell line in 1998,embryonic stem cell research has attracted much attention in recent years.Theoretically,embryonic stem cells are pluripotent 0f in vitro proliferation and in vivo differentiation.which could serve as a promising seed cell source for cell thera PY or tissue engineering.Differentiation of the embryonic stem cells into a certain type of cell still remains a big challenge.Studies regarding chondrogenic ifferentiation have been reported.This article summarizes the chon drogenic process in developing embryo and the currently known factors involved in the in vitro chondrogenic differentiation of embryonic stem cell.Foreground of the study in this field is discussed.

Driven by information technology,medical English classes are becoming more plural and autonomous. However,how can the application of modern information technology assist class teaching more effectively? This paper explores into the internal cause and external cause while collecting real-time videos for English classes,the influence of system platform on English learning as well as the realization of the platforms.

ApolipoptoteinA1isthemaincomponentofhigh-densitylipoproteincholesterolintheplas-ma,which plays an important role in the lipid transportation and metabolism.It is closely related with cardio-vascular disease,liver disease,hereditary amyloidosis and so on.CA1 25 ,as an important biomarker,has been widely used for the diagnosis and monitoring treatment of ovarian cancer.Improved sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis are obtained when it is combined with other tumor markers,especially CA1 25 .As reported recently, it also is related with the generation,progress and prognosis of ovarian cancer.It has been promising to be a new kind of treatment.