[Objective] To explore the status of chlorite pollution in drinking water due to chlorine dioxide , aswell as its causes and counter measures. [Methods]A water plant collecting surface water as raw water slightly pol-luted by organic compounds and B water plant collecting ground water without organic compounds pollution wereselected as observed objectives. Chlorine dioxide generators were used in both of A and B water plants, their rawmaterials was chlorite for A plant and chlorate for B plant. The levels of chlorite in treated water from these twowater plants were determined by amperometric titration. [Results]The levels of chlorite in treated water of A waterplant ranged 0.530～0.760 mg/L, 2.6～3.8 times of the standard value, with a over standard rate of 100％, thelevels of B water plant range 0.257～0.733 mg/L, 1.3～3.7 times of the standard value, with a over standard rateof 83.3％. [Conclusion] The treated water of A and B water plants presented higher pollution by chlorite, the by-product of chlorine dioxide disinfection.

The precise surgical treatment for hepatobiliary diseases has been a challenging topic in hepatobiliary surgery for a long time.A perfect preoperative plan can help the surgeon make R0 resection of the lesion and preserve the healthy tissue as much as possible.In addition,all of these depend on the application of different imaging modalities,especially three-dimensional reconstruction technique.But some limitations of 3D reconstruction should be noted:different surgeons may have different views for one object because of different observation points;or it cannot be used for intraoperative re-orientation and so on.3D printed model can overcome some disadvantages of 3D reconstruction.This paper reviewed related literature that reported the usage of 3D printed model in hepatobiliary surgery.

The changes in the total and differential leukocyte counts as well as glycogen con- tent and alkaline phosphatase activity of neutrophile granulocyte of peripheral blood were studied during tubal ligation through abdomen with electro-acupuncture at Zha- guan point(tubal ligation point).This work may help to detect the role of the leuko- cytes in the regulatory function of the body and its relationship to acupuncture anal- gesia.The resuhs were as follows: 50 patients undergoing tubal ligation under acupuncture anesthesia were observed. During the operation,the total number of leukocytes was increased as compared with that before the operation.In patients of grade Ⅰefficacy(35 cases)the total number of leukocytes was increased most markedly.In all patients operated under acupuncture anesthesia,the relative proportion of various types of leukocytes showed little or no significant changes,but their absolute number increased to some extent,with the excep- tion of eosinophile granulocyte of grade Ⅱpatients which decreased slightly.A cyto- chemical study of the glycogen content of neutrophil was carried out in 45 patients during acupuncture anaesthesia.The content was decreased during operation especially in 31 cases of Grade Ⅰpatients it was decreased most markedly.On the other hand,the neutro- phil alkaline phosphatase activity was increased during the operation in 20 patients. The control group of 33 cases was further divided into three subgroups.In the first subgroup,we used acupuncture anaesthesia without operation and the total number of leukocytes was decreased slightly.In the second subgroup the patients were operated under local anesthesia(2% procain solution injection subcutaneously),and the last sub- group comprised only normal adults without any operation or anesthesia.There were little or no significant changes in total and differential leukocyte counts during the experiment in th last two subgroups. The above alterations of leukocyte observed in patients operated under acupuncture anesthesia may explain the enhancement of bodily protection produced by acupuncture, by the way of the regulation effect of central nervous system.

Botulinum neurotoxin(BoNT) is the most lethal biotoxin known to mankind. It inhibits acetylcholinerelease from the cholinergic nerve ending by cleavage of SNARE proteins, followed by neuromuscular blockadeand paralysis. Gangliosides are considered to act as a first receptor of BoNT with low affinity.Then the membranebound gangliosides-BoNT complex moves laterally to reach and bind the toxin specific protein receptor,synaptotagmin, with a high affinity constant. At last the gangliosides-BoNT-synaptotagmin complex undergoesreceptor-mediated endocytosis. This double-receptors theory is widely accepted. The research data are summarizedand reviewed.

OBJECTIVE: To study the endosomatic pharmacokinetics and bioequiavailability of kushenin tablets in health adults. METHODS: The blood concentrations of the blood samples taken from 22 healthy volunteers were determined by HPLC-MS after a single oral 0.3g kushenin (either tablet or capsule) dose and pretreatment with the internal standard (cimetidine) with m/z 265 (kushenin) taken as the detection ions and m/z 253 as the internal standard. RESULTS: The main pharmacokinetic parameters of the tablet and capsule of kushenin were as follows: t1/2 stood at (2.30?1.09)h and (1.90?0.58) h, respectively; tmax stood at (1.86?0.74)h and (1.68?0.55) h, respectively; Cmax stood at (525.09?208.94)ng/ml and (530.32?202.04) ng/ml, respectively; AUC0～11 stood at(2 048.5?749.4)(ng?h)/ml and (2 042.0?743.0)(ng?h)/ml, respectively;AUC0～∞ stood at(2 163.2?783.1)(ng?h)/ml and (2 136.4?792.1)(ng?h)/ml, respectively. The relative bioavailability of the kushenin tablet stood at (101.06?9.41) %. CONCLUSION:The tablet and capsule of kushenin were bioequiva_lent.

Protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) belongs to the receptor family which is coupled with G-protein. The N-terminus of PAR-2 is cleaved by some proteases to generate a new N-terminus. The new N-terminus can interact with and activate the receptor itself. The update research reported that PAR-2 could be expressed on some cancers as well as tumor cell lines. There are some relationships between the PAR-2 expression and the behaviors of tumor cell, such as proliferation, angiogenesis, migration and invasion.

Objective To discuss the clinical application of preoperative transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in treating squamous cell carcinoma of tongue. Methods A total of 26 patients with pathologically proved squamous cell carcinoma of tongue were enrolled in this study. Using Seldinger technique, lingual artery angiography and TACE were carried out in all patients. Radical resection of tongue cancer was performed in 2-3 weeks after TACE. Results Super-selective catheterization and TACE was successfully accomplished in all patients. After TACE the tumor size was significantly decreased in all patients. During the operation, clear lesion's border was observed, and the amount of blood loss was less than usual. Conclusion For the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of tongue, preoperative superselective TACE is safe and effective;it can increase the opportunity of surgical resection, reduce the surgical damage, and improve the quality of life as well as the survival rate.

Objective To study the surgical treatment and the related risk factors of cholangioenterostomy anastomotic stenosis.Methods We retrospectively analysed the clinical data of 41 patients who underwent surgical treatment for cholangioenterostomy anastomotic stenosis in the PLA General Hospital from January 1,2008 to November 30,2014.Results All patients' clinical symptoms were alleviated and they were discharged home.No one died perioperatively.Anastomotic restenosis happened in 5 patients.Conclusions Reoperation for cholangioenterostomy anastomotic stenosis was difficult.The surgeon should make the anastomosis as large as possible to decrease the risk of restenosis.A T tube should be used when necessary.

Objective To study the changes and clinical significance of P selectin (CD 62P), lysosome protein (CD 63) expression in patients with ischemic stroke.Methods 168 cases of acute ischemic stroke (both acute and convalescence) and 40 normal controls were tested for CD 62P and CD 63 expression using flow cytometry. The correlation between the expression and neurological functional deficit scale was analyzed.Results (1) The expression of CD 62p and CD 63 in acute phase (9.48%, 8.36%) of ischemic stroke was markedly higher than that in convalescence phase (5.73%, 4.21%)( P0.05). (3) CD 62P and CD 63 expressions were positively related with the scores of neurological functional deficit scale( r=0.84 and r=0.817, P