To investigate the effect of premedication with clonidine on the concentrations of plasma catecholamine (CA), renin, angiotension Ⅱ (A Ⅱ ) and carbohydrate metabolism during eardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Method: Twenty patients scheduled for cardiac surgery were randomly divided into two groups: clonidine group and control group. Oral premedication with clonidine 5?g?kg~(-1) was taken in colndine group 60 rain before anesthesia in duction in addition to common same premedication in both groups. Arterial plasma concentrations of CA,renin, AⅡ, blood suger, pyruvic acid, lactic acid were measured before anesthesia, before CPB, 30,60,90 and 120 min following CPB and 30 rain after CPB. Result: The levels of CA, blood suger, pyruvic acid and lactic acid increased significantly during CPB in both groups, but were higher markedly in control group than those in clonidine group (P

Objective To design a stimulating instrument for physiology experiment.Methods A sine wave was produced by a high frequency oscillator,and then the sine wave increased in voltage by a transformer to accord with the maximal range needed.Afterwards,the increscent sine wave became a direct current signal with high voltage by a rectifier and a filter.Finally,the signal became a stimulating impulse to be exported by a switch,which was controlled by a controlling signal with adjustable frequency and width.Results Voltage range adjusted between 1 and 80V;Frequency adjusted between 0.1 and 200Hz;Impulse width adjusted between 0.1 and 5ms.Conclusion The stimulating instrument designed can be used to do electricity stimulating experiment in Physiology.

Objective To describe the importance of anesthesia management in performing interventional procedures. Methods A total of 24 382 patients, who were admitted to authors’ hospital during the period from April 2011 to April 2015 to receive level Ⅲ or level Ⅳ interventional procedures, were enrolled in this study. According to the anesthesia method, the patients were divided into (1) mechanical ventilation group (group A), i.e. intravenous general anesthesia combined with laryngeal mask or endotracheal intubation, (2) intravenous general anesthesia and autonomous respiratory group (group B), (3) conscious sedation group (group C) and (4) local anesthesia group (group D). The heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (ABP), blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) and anesthesia-related complications of the patients of all four groups were kept under close observation before, during and after the interventional procedures, the results were statistically analyzed. Results The anesthesia was successfully implemented according to the operation plan in all 24 382 patients. Interventional procedure of level Ⅲ was performed in 16 702 patients(68.5%) and interventional procedure of levelⅣwas adopted in 7 680 patients (31.5%). The patients receiving interventional procedure of level Ⅲof group A, B, C and D were 6 797 (40.7%), 3 608 (21.6%), 5 095(30.5%) and 1 202(7.2%) respectively;while the patients receiving interventional procedure of level Ⅳ of group A, B, C and D were 4 193 (54.6%), 2 527 (32.9%), 699 (9.1%) and 261 (3.4%)respectively. No statistically significant differences in preoperative HR, ABP and SpO2 existed between each other among the four groups (P>0.05). In group A, B and C the HR and ABP values determined in operation were not statistically different from the preoperative ones(P>0.05), and the differences in HR and ABP values among the three groups were also not statistically different (P>0.05);SpO2 levels showed no obvious changes (P>0.05). In group D, the HR and ABP values determined in operation were significantly higher than the preoperative ones (P<0.05), and also these values were statistically different from those of other three groups (P<0.05);SpO2 levels showed no obvious changes (P>0.05). In 22 patients of group D the operation had to be stopped as they were unable to tolerate the procedure. Conclusion In performing different levels of interventional procedures, level Ⅲ and level Ⅳ intervention surgeries in particular, careful selection of individualized anesthesia plan on the base of patient’s condition and operation requirement is an important guarantee for ensuring a safe operation with no interference, and it is also a good way to reduce the pain severity of patient. Therefore, individualized anesthesia plan is worth to be widely used in interventional procedures.

Aged ; Aging ; Health Services for the Aged ; Humans

Objective To explore the differences between the conservative treatment and the operative treatment in the management of cervical spinal cord injury, and the timing of the operation. Methods The therapeutic effectiveness o f the 45 cases who were treated from October 1996 to January 2002 was analyzed. 21 of them underwent conservative treatment and 24 operative treatment. The corr elation between the therapeutic effects of the operation and its timing was expl ored. Results The myeloid functional recovery was poor in the patients who had b een treated with conservative means but good in those who had been given an oper ation. The earlier the operation, the more effective it could be, and the higher the probability of the myeloid functional recovery. Conclusions The operative treatment promises better outcome than the conservative treatment. To get the be st effects, the operation should be done within one month after the injury, for the longer the lapse between the injury and the operation, the worse the effect.

Objective To analyze the technique and clinical effect of percutaneous nephrolithotomy combined with endoscopic balloon dilation in the treatment of upper ureterostenosis with recurrent renal calculi.Methods From February 2009 to May 2012,20 ureteral stenosis patients with the history of ureteral open surgery,postoperative residual or recurrent kidney renal calculi were treated.Fifteen cases were with hydronephrosis of 2-4 cm,4 cases were with hydronephrosis of 5-6 cm and 1 case was with hydronephrosis ＞ 6 cm.Subsequent calculi size ＜ 1 cm was found in 16 cases,1-3 cm in 3 cases,＞ 3 cm in 1 case.All patients were treated with percutaneous nephrolithotomy ultrasonic lithotripsy combined with balloon dilatation.The calculi clearance rate,hydronephrosis changes,complications,intraverous urography (IVP) and CT urography (CTU) situation before and after surgery were analyzed.Results All the 20 cases were completed surgery successfully.There was 1 case with renal hemorrhage 3 d after surgery and controlled with DSA hemostasis.There was 1 case accepted adjusting double-J tube by ureteroscopy.Seventeen patients'calculi were completed removed.Two cases with residual calyceal calculi size ＜ 5 mm was not further treated.There was 1 case treated with nephrectomy because of renal calculi with infection.The patients were followed up for 6-39 (12.5 ± 1.9) months.Hydronephrosis improved significant changes [2.1-4.0 (2.2 ±0.9) cm vs.2.5-7.5 (3.9 ± 1.2) cm,P ＜ 0.05].All patients achieved significant improvement in IVP and CTU comparing of preoperative and postoperative data.Conclusion The use of percutaneous nephrolithotomy combined with endoscopic balloon dilation is a safe and effective treatment option in the treatment of kidney calculi with ureteral stenosis.

Objective To investigate the changes in myocardial deformation in donor and reeipient hearts in response to selective fetoscopic laser photocoagulation (SFLP) for twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS).Methods Totally 25 twin pairs before 24-hour and 1 week after SFLP had fetal echocardiography and digital dynamic two-dimensional four chamber views which were interrogated off-line using velocity vector imaging (VVI) software.Global longitudinal strain (S),systolic strain rate (SRs) and diastolic strain rate (SRd) were measured off-line in the left (LV) and right (RV) ventricles.Results In the donor,SFLP resulted in increase in cardiothoracic ratio ( CTR,0.29 ± 0.03 versus 0.34 ± 0.05,P ＜ 0.01 ),with development of new onset tricupid regurgitation ( n =7 ) and pericardial effusion ( n =5 ) and worsening of all measures of myocardial deformation in both systole and diastole for LV and RV [ LV-S:( - 19.24 ± 3.68 )％ versus (-13.78±3.64)％,P＜0.01; LV-SRs:(-2.28±0.53) versus (-1.43 ±0.41) s-1,P＜ 0.01 ; LV-SRd:( 1.67 ± 0.43 ) versus ( 1.15 ± 0.70) s - 1,P ＜ 0.01 ; RV-S:( - 20.20 ± 3.19) ％ versus (-16.10±3.07)％,P＜0.01; RV-SRs:(-2.03 ±0.65) versus (-1.72±0.38) s-1,P＜0.05; RV-SRd:( 1.71 ±0.30) versus ( 1.50 ±0.36) s-1,P ＜0.05].In the recipient,CTR decreased (0.42 ± 0.04 versus 0.37 ±0.04,P ＜0.01 ) and all parameters for both LV and RV improved substantially [ LV-S:( - 10.62 ± 2.72) ％ versus ( - 16.46 ± 3.23 ) ％,LV-SRs:( - 1.09 ± 0.30) versus ( - 1.60 ± 0.31 ) s-1,LV-SRd:(0.99 ± 0.34) versus (1.53 ± 0.32) s-1,RV-S:( - 11.66 ± 4.56)％ versus ( - 17.96 ± 3.97 ) ％,RV-SRs:( - 1.26 ± 0.39) versus ( - 1.74 ± 0.45 ) s-1,RV-SRd:( 1.15 ± 0.49) versus ( 1.63 ± 0.44 ) s- 1 ; all P ＜ 0.01 ].Conclusion Myocardial deformational mechanics improve in the recipient but worsen in the donor following SFLP for TTTS.

Objective: To observe the effects of autotransplantatio n of costochondral graft in the defects in temporomandibular joint. Methods: Twenty New Zealand white rabbits aged 3 months were div ided into 4 groups: the animals in group A received autotransplantation of 4 mm costochondral graft and in group B received that of 1 mm after excision of the disk, condyle and upper part of the ramus. The rabbits in group C received the same excision operation without graft transplantation as surgical controls and those in group D were used as healthy controls. Samples of temporomandibula r joint were obtained and examined by X-ray cephalometry and histopathology. Results: Cephalometric measurements revealed that height of the mandibles on left side was significantly shorter than that on right sid e in group B and C(P

The inhibitory environment and loss of axonal connections after spinal cord injury pose many obstacles to regenerating the lost tissue.Cellular therapy provides a means of restoring the cells lost to the injury and could potentially promote functional recovery after such injuries.This review presents a summary of the various types of cellular therapy used to treat spinal cord injury.A wide range of cell types have been investigated for such uses and the advantages and disadvantages of each cell type are discussed along with the research studying each cell type.Based on the current research,suggestions are given for future investigation of cellular therapies for spinal cord regeneration.