Objective To design a stimulating instrument for physiology experiment.Methods A sine wave was produced by a high frequency oscillator,and then the sine wave increased in voltage by a transformer to accord with the maximal range needed.Afterwards,the increscent sine wave became a direct current signal with high voltage by a rectifier and a filter.Finally,the signal became a stimulating impulse to be exported by a switch,which was controlled by a controlling signal with adjustable frequency and width.Results Voltage range adjusted between 1 and 80V;Frequency adjusted between 0.1 and 200Hz;Impulse width adjusted between 0.1 and 5ms.Conclusion The stimulating instrument designed can be used to do electricity stimulating experiment in Physiology.

To investigate the effect of premedication with clonidine on the concentrations of plasma catecholamine (CA), renin, angiotension Ⅱ (A Ⅱ ) and carbohydrate metabolism during eardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Method: Twenty patients scheduled for cardiac surgery were randomly divided into two groups: clonidine group and control group. Oral premedication with clonidine 5?g?kg~(-1) was taken in colndine group 60 rain before anesthesia in duction in addition to common same premedication in both groups. Arterial plasma concentrations of CA,renin, AⅡ, blood suger, pyruvic acid, lactic acid were measured before anesthesia, before CPB, 30,60,90 and 120 min following CPB and 30 rain after CPB. Result: The levels of CA, blood suger, pyruvic acid and lactic acid increased significantly during CPB in both groups, but were higher markedly in control group than those in clonidine group (P

Aged ; Aging ; Health Services for the Aged ; Humans

Objective To describe the importance of anesthesia management in performing interventional procedures. Methods A total of 24 382 patients, who were admitted to authors’ hospital during the period from April 2011 to April 2015 to receive level Ⅲ or level Ⅳ interventional procedures, were enrolled in this study. According to the anesthesia method, the patients were divided into (1) mechanical ventilation group (group A), i.e. intravenous general anesthesia combined with laryngeal mask or endotracheal intubation, (2) intravenous general anesthesia and autonomous respiratory group (group B), (3) conscious sedation group (group C) and (4) local anesthesia group (group D). The heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (ABP), blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) and anesthesia-related complications of the patients of all four groups were kept under close observation before, during and after the interventional procedures, the results were statistically analyzed. Results The anesthesia was successfully implemented according to the operation plan in all 24 382 patients. Interventional procedure of level Ⅲ was performed in 16 702 patients(68.5%) and interventional procedure of levelⅣwas adopted in 7 680 patients (31.5%). The patients receiving interventional procedure of level Ⅲof group A, B, C and D were 6 797 (40.7%), 3 608 (21.6%), 5 095(30.5%) and 1 202(7.2%) respectively;while the patients receiving interventional procedure of level Ⅳ of group A, B, C and D were 4 193 (54.6%), 2 527 (32.9%), 699 (9.1%) and 261 (3.4%)respectively. No statistically significant differences in preoperative HR, ABP and SpO2 existed between each other among the four groups (P>0.05). In group A, B and C the HR and ABP values determined in operation were not statistically different from the preoperative ones(P>0.05), and the differences in HR and ABP values among the three groups were also not statistically different (P>0.05);SpO2 levels showed no obvious changes (P>0.05). In group D, the HR and ABP values determined in operation were significantly higher than the preoperative ones (P<0.05), and also these values were statistically different from those of other three groups (P<0.05);SpO2 levels showed no obvious changes (P>0.05). In 22 patients of group D the operation had to be stopped as they were unable to tolerate the procedure. Conclusion In performing different levels of interventional procedures, level Ⅲ and level Ⅳ intervention surgeries in particular, careful selection of individualized anesthesia plan on the base of patient’s condition and operation requirement is an important guarantee for ensuring a safe operation with no interference, and it is also a good way to reduce the pain severity of patient. Therefore, individualized anesthesia plan is worth to be widely used in interventional procedures.

Objective To explore the differences between the conservative treatment and the operative treatment in the management of cervical spinal cord injury, and the timing of the operation. Methods The therapeutic effectiveness o f the 45 cases who were treated from October 1996 to January 2002 was analyzed. 21 of them underwent conservative treatment and 24 operative treatment. The corr elation between the therapeutic effects of the operation and its timing was expl ored. Results The myeloid functional recovery was poor in the patients who had b een treated with conservative means but good in those who had been given an oper ation. The earlier the operation, the more effective it could be, and the higher the probability of the myeloid functional recovery. Conclusions The operative treatment promises better outcome than the conservative treatment. To get the be st effects, the operation should be done within one month after the injury, for the longer the lapse between the injury and the operation, the worse the effect.

0.05) after SVT episode. Compared to the SVT group and basic status, the extraction ration of glucose and oxygen of CAD patients obviously increased( P

Objective To observe and analyze the outcomes o f open reduction and Y plate internal fixation in treatment of intra-articular calcaneal fractures.Methods Open reduction and Y plate internal f ix-ation by the extended L-shaped lateral approach were performed in 68pati ents with 82cases of intra-articula r calcaneal fractures under X-ray.Results82cases were followed up for an avera ge of 26months,and the clinical results were evaluated wit h the Maryland Foot Score.58cases ac hieved excellent results,16good,6fair,with the rate of excellent and good re sults being 90.24%.Conclusion Open reduction and Y plate internal fixation can obtain good clinical re sults in treatment of intra-articul ar calcaneal fractures.[

Objective To investigate the entry points for clinical work of intensive care unit (ICU) pharmacists.Methods Through combination with daily work and referring the domestic and foreign literature,the characteristics of ICU medications were discussed to find out the entry point for clinical work of ICU pharmacists.Results ICU patients particularly need individualized pharmaceutical care because of the special pathophysiological characteristics and medicine use.Conclusion ICU pharmacists should provide pharmaceutical care based on Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics knowledge and focus on the drug dosage adjustment,drug interactions and adverse event prevention.

To explore the risk factors and features in patients with premature coronary artery disease (CAD) and mature CAD. Methods: General and clinical information was collected from 747 patients who received coronary angiography (CAG) in our hospital from 2015-01 to 2016-02 and the patients were divided into 3 groups based on CAG findings: Premature CAD group, n=138, Mature CAD group, n=364 and non-CAD group, n=245. CAD diagnosis was defined by at least one major coronary artery stenosis ≥50%; premature CAD was defined by the onset age in male<55 years, in female<65 years. Risk factors and features were compared between premature CAD and mature CAD patients. Results: Compared with Mature CAD group, Premature CAD group showed the higher incidences of family history of hypertension, abnormal blood glucose and BMI, increased blood levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, elevated apolipoprotein A and B (APOA and APOB); while the lower ratio for combining hypertension, P<0.05. Multinomial Logistic regression analysis presented the following parameters had the increased risk for premature CAD occurrence: combining hypertension and diabetes (OR=2.98, 95% CI 1.04-8.57), family history of hypertension (OR=3.50, 95% CI 1.28-9.57), abnormal blood glucose (OR=1.98, 95% CI 1.04-3.80) and elevated APOB (OR=36.67, 95% CI 3.51-99.83). The following parameters had the increased risk for mature CAD occurrence: advanced age (OR=1.20, 95% CI 1.15-1.24), male gender (OR=6.22, 95% CI 3.31-11.69), combining hypertension (OR=1.75, 95% CI 1.08-2.82), concomitant hypertension and diabetes (OR=3.25, 95% CI 1.42-7.46) and elevated APOB (OR=16.39, 95% CI 1.74-99.44). Compared with Mature CAD group, Premature CAD group presented the higher ratio of double vessel disease (38.4% vs 22.3%) and lower ratio of multi vessel disease (31.2% vs 48.1%), all P<0.05. Conclusion: The incidences as family history of hypertension, abnormal blood glucose and BMI, elevated APOB were higher in premature CAD patients than mature CAD patients. It is important to conduct targeted prevention to control relevant risk factors.