1.Congenital Glaucoma from Sturge-Weber Syndrome: A Modified Surgical Approach.
Nancy Shi Yin YUEN ; Ian Yat Hin WONG
Korean Journal of Ophthalmology 2012;26(6):481-484
Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) is a rare congenital neurocutaneous disorder that causes congenital glaucoma. Previous experiences have shown that drainage procedures are often required to control associated glaucoma. The conventional surgical approach in trabeculectomy carries a significant risk of intraoperative expulsive hemorrhage. Here, we describe a modified approach of the conventional trabeculectomy technique, which may lower the risk of expulsive hemorrhage. A viscoelastic device was employed to maintain a steady intraocular pressure throughout the procedure. Details of the surgical technique and material used are described. One patient with congenital glaucoma associated with SWS underwent a successful trabeculectomy using the modified technique. Postoperative intraocular pressure was successfully reduced and no intraoperative complications occurred. We describe a successful case of trabeculectomy in a SWS case where a modified technique was applied.
Glaucoma/*congenital
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Humans
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Infant, Newborn
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*Intraocular Pressure
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Male
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Sturge-Weber Syndrome/*complications/diagnosis/surgery
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Trabeculectomy/*methods
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Visual Acuity
2.18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid induces ROS-mediated apoptosis to ameliorate hepatic fibrosis by targeting PRDX1/2 in activated HSCs
Zhang QIAN ; Luo PIAO ; Zheng LIUHAI ; Chen JIAYUN ; Zhang JUNZHE ; Tang HUAN ; Liu DANDAN ; He XUELING ; Shi QIAOLI ; Gu LIWEI ; Li JIAHAO ; Guo QIUYAN ; Yang CHUANBIN ; Wong Kwan YIN ; Xia FEI ; Wang JIGANG
Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2022;12(4):570-582
Hepatic stellate cells(HSCs)are essential drivers of fibrogenesis.Inducing activated-HSC apoptosis is a promising strategy for treating hepatic fibrosis.18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid(18β-GA)is a natural com-pound that exists widely in herbal medicines,such as Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch,which is used for treating multiple liver diseases,especially in Asia.In the present study,we demonstrated that 18β-GA decreased hepatic fibrosis by inducing the apoptosis in activated HSCs.18β-GA inhibited the expression of α-smooth muscle actin and collagen type Ⅰ alpha-1.Using a chemoproteomic approach derived from activity-based protein profiling,together with cellular thermal shift assay and surface plasmon reso-nance,we found that 18β-GA covalently targeted peroxiredoxin 1(PRDX1)and peroxiredoxin 2(PRDX2)proteins via binding to active cysteine residues and thereby inhibited their enzymatic activities.18β-GA induced the elevation of reactive oxygen species(ROS),resulting in the apoptosis of activated HSCs.PRDX1 knockdown also led to ROS-mediated apoptosis in activated HSCs.Collectively,our findings revealed the target proteins and molecular mechanisms of 18β-GA in ameliorating hepatic fibrosis,highlighting the future development of 18β-GA as a novel therapeutic drug for hepatic fibrosis.
3.A highly efficient protein corona-based proteomic analysis strategy for the discovery of pharmacodynamic biomarkers
Yuqing MENG ; Jiayun CHEN ; Yanqing LIU ; Yongping ZHU ; Yin-Kwan WONG ; Haining LYU ; Qiaoli SHI ; Fei XIA ; Liwei GU ; Xinwei ZHANG ; Peng GAO ; Huan TANG ; Qiuyan GUO ; Chong QIU ; Chengchao XU ; Xiao HE ; Junzhe ZHANG ; Jigang WANG
Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2022;12(6):879-888
The composition of serum is extremely complex,which complicates the discovery of new pharmaco-dynamic biomarkers via serum proteome for disease prediction and diagnosis.Recently,nanoparticles have been reported to efficiently reduce the proportion of high-abundance proteins and enrich low-abundance proteins in serum.Here,we synthesized a silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticle and devel-oped a highly efficient and reproducible protein corona(PC)-based proteomic analysis strategy to improve the range of serum proteomic analysis.We identified 1,070 proteins with a median coefficient of variation of 12.56%using PC-based proteomic analysis,which was twice the number of proteins iden-tified by direct digestion.There were also more biological processes enriched with these proteins.We applied this strategy to identify more pharmacodynamic biomarkers on collagen-induced arthritis(CIA)rat model treated with methotrexate(MTX).The bioinformatic results indicated that 485 differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)were found in CIA rats,of which 323 DEPs recovered to near normal levels after treatment with MTX.This strategy can not only help enhance our understanding of the mechanisms of disease and drug action through serum proteomics studies,but also provide more pharmacodynamic biomarkers for disease prediction,diagnosis,and treatment.
4.Clinical efficacy and long-term immunogenicity of an early triple dose regimen of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in cancer patients.
Matilda Xinwei LEE ; Siyu PENG ; Ainsley Ryan Yan Bin LEE ; Shi Yin WONG ; Ryan Yong Kiat TAY ; Jiaqi LI ; Areeba TARIQ ; Claire Xin Yi GOH ; Ying Kiat TAN ; Benjamin Kye Jyn TAN ; Chong Boon TEO ; Esther CHAN ; Melissa OOI ; Wee Joo CHNG ; Cheng Ean CHEE ; Carol L F HO ; Robert John WALSH ; Maggie WONG ; Yan SU ; Lezhava ALEXANDER ; Sunil Kumar SETHI ; Shaun Shi Yan TAN ; Yiong Huak CHAN ; Kelvin Bryan TAN ; Soo Chin LEE ; Louis Yi Ann CHAI ; Raghav SUNDAR
Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 2023;52(1):8-16
INTRODUCTION:
Three doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines have been recommended for cancer patients to reduce the risk of severe disease. Anti-neoplastic treatment, such as chemotherapy, may affect long-term vaccine immunogenicity.
METHOD:
Patients with solid or haematological cancer were recruited from 2 hospitals between July 2021 and March 2022. Humoral response was evaluated using GenScript cPASS surrogate virus neutralisation assays. Clinical outcomes were obtained from medical records and national mandatory-reporting databases.
RESULTS:
A total of 273 patients were recruited, with 40 having haematological malignancies and the rest solid tumours. Among the participants, 204 (74.7%) were receiving active cancer therapy, including 98 (35.9%) undergoing systemic chemotherapy and the rest targeted therapy or immunotherapy. All patients were seronegative at baseline. Seroconversion rates after receiving 1, 2 and 3 doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination were 35.2%, 79.4% and 92.4%, respectively. After 3 doses, patients on active treatment for haematological malignancies had lower antibodies (57.3%±46.2) when compared to patients on immunotherapy (94.1%±9.56, P<0.05) and chemotherapy (92.8%±18.1, P<0.05). SARS-CoV-2 infection was reported in 77 (28.2%) patients, of which 18 were severe. No patient receiving a third dose within 90 days of the second dose experienced severe infection.
CONCLUSION
This study demonstrates the benefit of early administration of the third dose among cancer patients.
Humans
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SARS-CoV-2
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COVID-19/prevention & control*
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Treatment Outcome
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Neoplasms/drug therapy*
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Hematologic Neoplasms
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Vaccination
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RNA, Messenger
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Antibodies, Viral
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Immunogenicity, Vaccine
5.Pandemic of the aging society - sporadic cerebral small vessel disease.
Alexander Yuk Lun LAU ; Bonaventure Yiu Ming IP ; Ho KO ; Bonnie Yin Ka LAM ; Lin SHI ; Karen Ka Yan MA ; Lisa Wing Chi AU ; Yannie Oi Yan SOO ; Thomas Wai Hong LEUNG ; Adrian WONG ; Vincent Chung Tong MOK
Chinese Medical Journal 2021;134(2):143-150
Age-related sporadic cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) has gained increasing attention over the past decades because of its increasing prevalence associated with an aging population. The widespread application of and advances in brain magnetic resonance imaging in recent decades have significantly increased researchers' understanding in the in vivo evolution of CSVD, its impact upon the brain, its risk factors, and the mechanisms that explain the various clinical manifestation associated with sporadic CSVD. In this review, we aimed to provide an update on the pathophysiology, risk factors, biomarkers, and the determinants and spectrum of the clinical manifestation of sporadic CSVD.
Aged
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Aging
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Brain/diagnostic imaging*
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Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases/epidemiology*
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Humans
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Pandemics