Reflux esophagitis is considered as a commonly-seen esophageal disease.In recent years,certain advances were archived internationally in researches about its pathogenesis,treatment,complications,etc.This article reviewed advances in researches of reflux esophagitis in the year 2016.

Objective To investigate infection status and distribution characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)infection among voluntary blood donors in Xiangyang area in 2009-2014,and provide evidence for re-cruiting blood donors from low-risk population. Methods Blood specimens of 326 856 voluntary blood donors in Xiangyang area between January 2009 and December 2014 were detected anti-HIV with enzyme linked immunosor-bent assay(ELISA),positive specimens in HIV screening were performed confirmatory testing,epidemiological analysis was conducted on the positive detection results.Results 41 (0.13‰ )voluntary blood donors were con-firmed positive for HIV in Xiangyang area,positive rate among each year was significantly different (χ2 =27 801.87,P<0.01). Except marital status and infection routes,difference in positive rates among donors of dif-ferent gender,age,area,occupation,educational attainments,and number of blood donation were all significantly different(all P<0.01). Among HIV-infected voluntary blood donors,87.80% were male,41.46% and 31.71%were aged between 18-25 and 36-45 respectively,56.10% were through heterosexual transmission,and 43.90%were through male homosexual transmission. The percentage of workman and public service personnel infected with HIV were high,accounting for 21 .95% and 17.07% respectively,60.97% of confirmed positive HIV were from city area,56.10% only received junior middle school/technical secondary school education,65.85% of HIV-infec-ted persons were infected at the initial donation.Conclusion In order to ensure blood safety,blood center should in-crease publicity efforts,carry out health consultation before blood donation,and recruit blood donors from low-risk populations,nucleic acid detection should be carried out to shorten HIV detection window period.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of aerosol inhalation of budesonide combined with Compound ipratropium bromide on therapeutic efficacy and safety of patients with pneumoconiosis during perioperative period of massive whole-lung la-vage (WLL). METHODS:One hundred and fifty male patients with pneumoconiosis receiving WLL under general anesthesia se-lected from our hospital during Dec. 2014-May 2016 were divided into treatment group and control group in accordance with ran-dom number table,with 75 cases in each group. Both groups received WLL under general anesthesia as well as pure-oxygen manu-al positive pressure ventilation alternating with negative pressure drainage keeping interval and respiratory rate of ventilator synchro-nization. Treatment group was given Budesonide suspension 2 mL,bid+ Compound ipratropium bromide solution 2.5 mL,tid,by aerosol inhalation from 3 d before surgery to 3 d after surgery. The levels of arterial blood gas indexes(pH,PaO2,PaCO2,BE)at different lavage stages,lung function indexes (FVC,MVV,FEV1/FVC),blood gas indexes and clinical symptom score 3 d be-fore surgery and 7 d after surgery were observed in 2 groups,and the occurrence of ADR was recorded. RESULTS:After two-lung ventilation for 20 min following unilateral/bilateral lung lavage,PaO2 of 2 groups were all increased significantly compared to be-fore surgery,with statistical significance (P<0.05);but there was no statistical significance between 2 groups (P>0.05). three days after surgery,FVC,MVV,FEV1/FVC and PaO2 of 2 groups were all increased significantly,PaCO2 and clinical symptom score were all decreased significantly. FVC,FEV1/FVC,PaO2 and clinical symptom score of treatment group were significantly bet-ter than those of control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). The incidence of airway spasm,hypoxemia and airway pres-sure increasing in treatment group were significantly lower than in control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). CONCLU-SIONS:During perioperative period of WLL,the aerosol inhalation of budesonide combined with Compound ipratropium bromide for patients with pneumoconiosis can improve clinical efficacy of WLL and reduce the occurrence of ADR during surgery.

Objective:To investigate the effect of synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide containing CpG motifs (CpG ODN) on antibody production to recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen (rHBsAg) or hepatitis B vaccine respectively. Methods:The antigens were injected into the back leg tibialis anterior(TA) muscle of all the mice (Km breed and Balb/c breed) for two times.The serum anti HBs titers were detected by ELISA.Results:The anti HBs titers of additional CpG ODN groups are obviously higher than those of rHBsAg group or vaccine group alone, the antibody persistent time is some longer. Nevertheless, the anti HBs titers of pure breeding mice are significantly higher than those of non pure breeding mice. Conclusion:CpG ODN has enhanced efficacy for anti HBs production in immunized mice and synergetic effect can be observed in alum adjuvant of hepatitis B vaccine.

Hypertension is a global problem,affecting both developed and developing nations. The mor-bidity of hypertension in children and adolescents has increased year by year in recent years. Hypertension in children can cause target organ damages(mainly renal,cardiovascular,central neurological,or optic fundal). In clinical practice,we need to find simple and easy methods for early recognition of target organ damages,thus se-rious consequences in adult hypertension may be prevented.

Prof. SHI Xue-min is the first one who proposes the theory of quantitative needling manipulation. This theory requires corresponding quantitative marker of each point. In order to meet this quantitative requirement, he set up strict and rigorous needling methods for each point. Part of his experience in this regard is introduced in this article.

Gastric cancer is the first in morbidity and mortality among cancers in China. The presence of peritoneal dissemination is the most common cause of recurrence after radical surgery, and has become a pivotal to the curative resection. Whether intraperitoneal chemotherapy can prevent peritoneal dissemination,lymph node metastasis, eradicate invisible seeding tumor cells, reduce peritoneal metastasis, improve survival and quality of life is always under investigation. This review focus on the theory, clinical applications and problems of intraperitoneal chemotherapy for gastric cancer.

Not only shofld the process of program establishment be emphasized for the management of the newly developed programs,but also great attention should be paid to the normal management after the establishment.The management and supervision should be practiced on the whole process of the programs newly developed by hospital departments so that the written report on the program advancement should be submitted in the half a year as planned.Furthermdre,an exclusive account should be opened for the granted fund of the program;and the establishment of new research program and the purchase of equipment should be approved according to the related rules and regulations of the hospital.

Objective To study the breast augmentantion by a large amount of auto fat granule injection. Methods The author selected the fat patients who wanted both breast augmentation and liposection. Large amount of auto fat granule, the fat suspended solution, was obtained from patient's abdomen or buttocks and thighs. The fat suspended solution had been washed by normal saline solution repeatedly, in order to get rid of blood, serum and liquefied fat. Then the auto fat granule solution was injected into breast glands and their underneath and behind pectoral majority muscle. The quantity of fat suspended solution injected was 150～305 ml in each side of breast. Total of 21 cases had been performed by auto fat granule solution injection in our department from Oct.1997 to April 2001. Results Breast augmentation by auto fat granule solution injection were successful and positive, without any complications. The results were satisfied both from patients and surgeons. It showed that the contouring of breast were improved and more chubbiness than that before operation. Conclusions The auto fat granule injection for the breast augmentation is an effective and practical method. It can also be used to inject into the other parts of the body to fill in soft tissue defects.

Objective:To investigate the effects of lymphocyte proliferation using the synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide containing CpG motif(CpG ODN) as immunal adjuvant immunized with the recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen(rHBsAg) in mice.Methods:BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups,injected into back leg tibialis anterior(TA) muscle for two times.The spleen and thymus lymphocytes proliferation was tested by MTT and()~3H-TdR incorporation respectively.Results:Analytical study showed that all groups compared with control the proliferation of spleen and thymus lymphocytes was increased obviously,except the specific proliferation of thymus lymphocyte there didn't obviously difference in CpG ODN plus vaccine group and the vaccine group.Meanwhile,the proliferation of the groups plus CpG ODN was much stronger than the not-CpG ODN groups in all the tests.Conclusion:CpG ODN has the ability stimulating the lymphocyte proliferation in mice obviously anti could have potential adjuvant effectiveness.