1.2 had no significant difference between the unilateral MCA-M1 stenosis group and the control group.Conclusion Transcranial Doppler can help us to analyze collateral flow on the foundation of NVUE,and can also determine the qualitative and the semi-quantitative information of collateral flow.

Objective To explore the application effect of Sandwich teaching method in clinical teaching in the department of neurosurgery.Methods Totally 144 clinical medicine students were divided into 2 groups:Sandwich teaching group (n=72) and traditional teaching group (n=72).The analysis of test and the questionnaire of the students were conducted after the course.Comparison between the two groups was made using independent sample t test and measurement data were expressed as as ± s.P＜0.05 signifies statistically significant differences.Rank sum test was used to compare the distribution of the test scores.Results The test score was statistically higher in Sandwich teaching group than control group [(76.38 ± 10.84) vs.(69.67 ± 10.50)].And the main distribution of the test scores was 70～90 in Sandwich teaching group while 60～80 in control group.Questionnaire showed that the scores of Sandwich teaching group were statistically higher than those ofthe control group in five aspects such as enhancing self-learning ability,improving the ability to analyze and solve problems,and so on.Conclusions Sandwich teaching method achieves good teaching effect and it is worth recommending in clinical teachifig.

Objective To evaluate the effect of intrathecal (IT) NR2B antisense oligonucleotide (aNR2B) on cognitive function in morphine-dependent rats.Methods Male SD rats weighing 230-270 g were used in this study. The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal pentobarbital 60 mg/kg.IT catheter was placed at L3-4 interspace according to the technique described by Yang. Thirty rats in which IT catheter was successfully placed without any complication were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=10 each):control group (group C), morphine dependence group (group MD) and group aNR2B.Morphine dependence was induced in group MD and aNR2B by increasing doses of morphine for 6 days. The initial dose of morphine was 10mg/kg injected subcutaneously (SC) twice a day and was increased by 10 mg/kg.every other day.The final dose was 50mg/kg. Then morphine 30 mg/kg was administered SC once a day for 4 weeks. aNR2B 15 nmol was administered IT at 30 min before SC morphine every day in group aNR2B.In control group normal saline was administered instead of morphine. Morris water maze was used to assess the cognitive function at 0 (T0, baseline),1 and 3 weeks of morphine administration (T1,T2).The escape latency and the number of times the animals crossing the plateform were recorded. The animals were killed after the test and the hippocampus was isolated for determination of choline acetytransferase(ChAT)expression.Results There was no significant difference in the baseline escape latency and the baseline number of times the animals crossing the plateform at T0 among the 3 groups. The escape latency was significantly prolonged and the number of times the animals crossing the plateform decreased at T1 and T2 as compared with the baseline at T0 in group MD.The ChAT expression was significantly down-regulated in group MD as compared with control group. IT aNR2B significantly ameliorated cognitive dysfunction at T1 and T2 and increased ChAT expression in group aNR2B compared with group MD.Conclusion IT NR2B antisense oligonucleotide can attenuate cognitive dysfunction through up-regulation of ChAT expression in hippocampus in morphine-dependent rats.

Objective To investigate possible disturbance of Th1/Th2 immunoregulation of blood serum and bladder mucosa in patients with interstitial cystitis(IC). Methods Blood serum and bladder mucosal specimens were collected from 16 female patients with IC and 16 female normal controis.The age of IC patients was 51.3±10.2 years.The age of normal controls was 53.1±9.6years.The expressions of Th1(IFN-γ,IL-2)and Th2 cytokines(IL-4,IL-10)were determined by enIFN-γ and IL-2 in IC blood serum were(4.57±2.92),(17.52±7.52)pg/ml and in normal blood serum were(4.11±2.27),(20.99±5.09)pg/ml.Such two factors had no significant differences in these two groups.The expressions of IL-4 and IL-10 in IC blood serum were(0.34±0.22),(4.37±2.34)pg/ml and in normal blood serum were(O.14±O.07),(1.18±0.61)pg/ml.Such two factors had sighad no significant differences with normal bladder tissues(IFN-γ:χ2＝1.900,IL-2:χ2＝0.514).The expressions of IL-4 and IL-10 in IC bladder tissues had significant differences with normal bladder tiswere(0.16±0.11)and(2.42±1.27)pg/ml but in high PUF group were(0.53±0.12)and(6.31±1.21)pg/ml.The expressions of these two factors had significant correlations with the degree of PUF,which intensified in the IC of high PUF. Conclusion The expression of Th2 type eytokines is predominant in IC blood plasm and bladder tissues,the expression of Th2 type cytokines in IC blood plasm and bladder tissues has positive correlation with the degree of PUF.

Objective　To investigate the pattern of human neutrophil degranulation mediated by Fc alpha receptors. Methods　IgA immune complexes (IgA IC) and specific monoclonal antibody were used to stimulate neutrophil degranulation. Lactoferrin released by stimulated neutrophils was quantitatively determined. Results　Monoclonal antibody and IgA IC could both induce neutrophil lactoferrin release. However, monoclonal antibody induced rapid and strong degranulation whilst the effect of IgA IC was much weaker. Conclusion　The pattern of neutrophil degranulation induced by IgA IC and monoclonal antibody is different.

According to the latest data from the National Cancer Center of China, prostate cancer (PCa) has become the highest incidence tumors of urinary since 2008, and its incidence and mortality has occupied great attention in the past decades. Therefore, the choice of safe and effective diagnostic method, to detect the occurrence of PCa, is necessary. The way of clinical diagnosis mainly includes digital rectal examination, serum PSA, transrectal ultrasound, MRI spectroscopy imaging, and prostate biopsy, ect. Prostate biopsy is the most reliable diagnosis method and agold standardfor the diagnosis of PCa. The systematic use of the prostate biopsy has greatly improved the diagnosis of PCa. However, there are several prostate biopsy scheme and scholars proposed a variety of programs on the choice of puncture point. It has not yet formed a standard method at this stage. In this study, we will review the development of prostate biopsy and the status recent research to explore application value of different method.

Objective To investigate that whether the immuno-modulatory capacity is intact in myelodysplastic syndrome-refractory anemia (MDS-RA) derived mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) and what are the differences compare with those from normal donors.Methods Isolating MSC from MDS and normal donors respectively and exam their differences on T lymphocyte activation,proliferation and suppression.Results The results showed that the capacity of suppressing T cell proliferation and activation is weakened.Conclusion We propose that MSCs from pathological environment might be abnormal and should not be used for autologous transplantation.

Nursing experience in the therapy of 45 cases of Rh blood group incompatibility was reported,and the nursing requirements were raised as follows:(1)good nurse patients relationship is important and psychological nursing should be done well.(2)Teach the patient to insist of systematic treatment,master timely intrauterine state of fetus.(3)Observe progressions and regression of jaundice,and general statement of newborn.(4)Enhance newborn nursing in the phototherapy.(5)Observe newborns physical signs in the course of blood exchange,predict the occurrence of complications.Results:one case was labor induced sine fetal death,40 cases lived without complications,4 cases died,the cure rate reached 88.9 percent.Conclusion:Though Rh blood group incompatibility is severe,most of them can be cured through timely treatment and careful nursing.

AIM　To observe the effect of quateranary ammonium salt derivative (F2) of haloperidol on calcium level in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) isolated from thoracic aortas of rat. METHODS　VSMCs were loaded with Fluo-3-AM, a calcium sensitive fluorescent dye, and ［Ca2+］i was determined by the use of laser scanning confocal microscope (LCSM). RESULTS　In Ca2+ (1.26 mmol*L-1) bath solution, intracellular calcium fluorescent intensity (FI) in VSMCs was increased when application with 30 mmol*L-1 KCl, and then was inhibited after addition with F2. The FI of the ASMCs with different concentrations of F2 (0.1,1,10,100 μmmol*L-1)within three minutes were 64%±9%(n=16, P<0.05),16%±5%(n=20, P<0.01),0.6%±0.8%(n=20, P<0.01),0.1%±0.3%(n=15, P<0.01), respectively. CONCLUSION　F2 could decrease the intracellular Ca2+ level in the VSMCs by blocking the voltage-dependent calcium channel.

Objective To study the reliability of Gleason score by prostate biopsy with prostatic cancer(PCa)in prediction of tumor location and analyse related influencing factors of positive surgical margins after radical prostatectomy.Methods The retrospective study recruited 72 patients with PCa who had been diagnosed by trans rectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy,and eventually treated with laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.The correlation of each index were analyzed by statistical software.Results In this study,Kappa test indicated a good agreement that Gleason score between prostate biopsy and radical prostatectomy.Biopsy positive more focused on four peripheral points near the bottom.Biopsy tumor location was not suitable for predicting tumor distribution.Biopsy Gleason score and biopsy positive percentage in biopsy specimen were independent predictors of positive surgical margins.F and L points had good correlation with the positive surgical margins.Conclusion The biopsy Gleason score is a good evidence to pathological grading in patients.These information will lead to positive surgical margins rise possibly:needle biopsy Gleason score exceed 7.25,positive biopsy percentage more than 45% and the location positive biopsy close to prostate apex.