Owing to the specific distribution and pathology of intracranial giant aneurysm, the parent artery must frequently be interdicted. In order to avoid cerebral ischemia, many neurosurgeons create effective techniques of extracranial intracranial artery bypass(EIAB) for the treatment of intracranial giant aneurysm. In this review, the author summarized advances in the application of EIAB for the treatment of intracranial giant aneurysm.

Objective To investigate the salty, efficacy and feasiblify on eholedochotomy with endobiliary drainage and prumary closure of the common bile duct. Methods There were 20 partients without introhepatic or re-tained stones and biliary stricture underwent common bile duet exploration. 20 of them with endobiliary tube drainage and primary CBD closure and the other 20 patients with T tube drainage. Results The average of the time to return routine home was (9. 2 ±1. 3)d, (15. 2 ± 3.6) d(P < 0. 01). The hospital expense of postoperation was (3 252± 312)Yuan,(4 116±388)Yuan(P<0.01). Conclusion Choledochotomy with endobiliary catheter and primary closure of CBD is a safe, effective and feasible procedure for the management of choledochohthiasis.

Objective To explore the imaging features of pediatric splenic primary solitary tumor. Methods The medical imaging appearances of 6 children with splenic primary solitary tumor conifrmed by surgery and pathology from January 2010 to August 2015 were retrospectively studied. The related literatur were reviewed. Results In 6 children, 2 children of cystic lesions, ultrasound showed anechoic mass, CT scan showed low density mass, without change after contrast, pathologically conifrmed as congenital cyst;2 children’s ultrasound showed solid echo, color Doppler ultrasound explored the blood lfow signals, contrast CT showed the lower strength around the splenic parenchyma, pathologically conifrmed as splenic lymphangioma;one child’s unltrasound showed echo mass with rich signals of blood lfow, MRI scans showed T1WI, T2WI and other signals of lumps, with little homogenity after contrast, pathologically conifrmed as splenic hamartoma;one child’s ultrasound cannot distinguish tumor boundaries, contrast CT scan showed concentric filling reinforcement, pathologically confirmed as hemangioma. Conclusion Splenic primary solitary tumor in children is rare. There are no speciifc clinical characteristics. The image ifndings can deifne the locations and help the differential diagnosis. The ifnal diagnosis depends on pathology.

Objective To evaluate the sonography features of heptaobiliary involvement of pediatric Langerhans′cell histiocytosis ( LCH) . Methods Nine pediatric patients with LCH confirmed by the clinical presentation ,biochemical tests and pathologic results of our hospital were retrospectively analyzed . Results Eight patients were seen in multi‐system LCH ,while one patient only had liver involved . All patients showed varying hepatomegaly with multiple distributed lesions in ultrasound images . According the lesion distribution features ,they could be classified into three types:central type(6/9) ,peripheral type(1/9) and diffuse type(2/9) . In ultrasonography ,they manifested as linear lesions alongside the central portal veins , multi‐nodular and randomly distributed lesions in liver parenchyma ,or both of them . Eight bile‐duct involved patients behaved with unevenly thicked bile‐duct walls ,stenosis or dilated bile‐ducts ,and even sclerosing cholangitis , some of them with cholelithiasis . Conclusions Pediatric LCH patients with heptobiliary involved are seemed mainly in multi‐system LCH ,while it is rare but possible that pathological Langerhans′cell only infringe on liver and bile‐ducts . The ultrasound imaging findings of pediatric LCH liver infiltration are with characteristic and are helpful for the early diagnosis and clinical procedure .

Objective To study the impact of temperature, light, nitrogen and phosphorus on growth and microcystin-LR production of Microcystis aeraginosa strain under laboratory conditions. Methods M.aeraginosa strain was cultivated in BG-11 medium. Growth was determined by counting cell, while microcystin-LR was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Results M.aeraginosa strain had a biggest growth rate at temperature of 25 ℃ and light intensity of 3 000 lx, while microcystin-LR production contents reached maximum at 20 ℃ and 5 000 lx respectively. Under the phosphorus-fixed condition, M. aeraginosa amount and mircrocystin-LR content increased by nitrogen concentration and reached the peak when the nitrogen concentration was 650.0 ?mol/L. But higher concentration of nitrogen could probably restrain the cell growth and toxin production. Under the nitrogen-fixed condition, M. aeraginosa strain grew slowly at phosphorus concentration of 1.43 ?mol/L, but had a higher growth rate when phosphorus concentration was 6.50 ?mol/L. No significant change was found with the increase of phosphorus concentration. And almost similar contents of microcystin-LR produced by M. aeraginosa were observed at different phosphorus concentrations. Positive correlations between total microcystin-LR concentrations and chlorophyll-a contents and M. aeraginosa cell densities were found. Conclusion The optimum conditions for growth and toxin production of M. aeraginosa are not the same. Phosphorus is a probable limitation nutrient factor, and a low concentration will satisfy the growth and toxin production of M. aeraginos. The N∶P atomic ratio at 100∶1 was determined as the optimum for growth and toxin production. The total microcystin-LR concentration can be forecasted by M. aeraginosa cell density or chlorophyll-a content.

ObjectiveTo study the diagnosis and trea tm ent of bilateral renal angiomyolipomas.MethodsThe clin ic data of 13 cases of bilateral renal angiomyolipoms were reviewed.There were 2 male and 11 female patients with an average age of 42.Preoperative ultrasonogra phy and CT scanning have been undertaken in all.Renal angiomyolipoma was diagnos ed in 11 and cancer nodules could not be ruled out in the other 2.Unilateral and bilateral renal sparing surgerys were carried out in 5 and 8 cases respectively .ResultsAll cases were examined with rapid frozen sect ion analysis at operations.The renal function of all the patients except 1 was n ormal after operation except 1 with a temporary rise in Scr (350 ?mol/L).The pa tients have been followed up 1 to 4 years after discharging from hospital and th e renal function became normal in all.No recurrence was found.Conc lusionsUltrasonography and CT are important methods to diagnose ang iomyolipoma with specific manifestations.Rapid frozen section analysis at operat ions is helpful to diagnose and to choose the correct surgical technique.Attenti on should be paid to reserve the renal tissues as much as possible and renal fun ction should be protected properly.

Objective To explore the value of video-assisted thoracoscopic thymectomy in the treatment of thymoma accompanied by myasthenia gravis.Methods In this study,forty-two patients who were preoperatively con-firmed to be thymoma accompanied by myasthenia gravis from 2008.1 to 2012.12 were treated using VATS,including typeⅠin 23 cases,typeⅡa in 11 cases,typeⅡb in 7 cases,and type Ⅲ in 1 case.Thymectomy and dissection of all fatty tissue anterior to the pericardium were performed in all cases.The operation time,blood loss,chest drainage time,hospital stay and outcomes were recorded and compared.Results In this group,one patient showed myasthenic crisis after surgery and recovery well after treated by ventilatory support.the patients had fewer blood loss(<35mL) , shorter operation and postoperative drainage time, and shorter postoperative hospital stay.Conclusion Extended thymectomy by VATS is safe and feasible with the advantage of less invasion,less surgical trauma and pain,lower rate of complication,and good curative effect.

Objective:The aim of the current study was to investigate the expression of nuclear factor-?B(NF-?B) and metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9) in the small intestine and to explore the potential role of NF-?B and MMP-9 in the damage of gut mucosal barrier after traumatic brain injury.Methods:The trauma was produced by a free-falling weight on the exposed dura of right parietal lobe.The rats were randomly divided into control group and traumatic brain injury groups at hours 3,12,24 and 72,and on day 7.NF-?B binding activity in the small intestine was studied by electrophoretic mobility shift assay(EMSA),and the expression of MMP-9 was studied by immunohistochemistry.Results:The results showed that NF-?B binding activity and MMP-9 expression in the small intestine was progressively increased,reached the maximum at 72 h and kept at high level up to 7 d after TBI.Concomitant upregulation of NF-?B~()and MMP-9 was observed.MMP-9 positively immunostained cells were mainly located at villous interstitium,lamina propria,crypt and submucosal layer,including endothelial cells,lymphocytes and neutrophils.Conclusion:It was concluded that cortical contusion trauma could induce a concomitant and persistent upregulation of NF-?B binding activity and MMP-9 expression in the small intestine which might play a central role in the~()damage of gut mucosal barrier.

AIM:Activin A,a member of transforming growth factor superfamily,is the negative regulator factor in liver regeneration. In this study,the effects of extract of Ginkgo Biloba on hepatic fibrosis and the expression of Activin A in rats with cirrhosis were investigated. METHODS:The experiment was performed at in the Central Laboratory of Wuhan First Hospital from September 2005 to December 2006. ①Thirty-six male SD rats of(160?20) g were randomized into 3 groups:control group,model group and treatment group. ② Except the rats in the control group,others were intraperitoneally injected with 500 mL/L CCl4 for 8 weeks to establish models of hepatic fibrosis. Meanwhile,the extract treatment group was infused with the extract of Ginkgo Biloba(Chinese drugs preparation laboratory of Wuhan First Hospital,detected by Hubeu Wushi Medicine Industry Co.,Ltd. No. 02-391) daily for 8 weeks. ③After administration,all anesthetized rats were sacrificed. Blood samples were collected for the determination of liver function biochemical indexes. Liver tissue samples were used for histopathological examinations. The expression of Activin A was determined by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. RESULTS:All 36 rats were involved in the final analysis. ①The liver function in extract treatment group was significantly improved compared with that in model group. ②The grade of fibrosis in extract treatment group were remarkably lower than that in model group under light microscope. ③The positive staining of Activin A in treatment group was significantly reduced compared with model group. ④The expression of Activin A mRNA in extract treatment group was significantly reduced compared with model group. CONCLUSION:Extract of Ginkgo Biloba can effectively decrease the expression of Activin A in rats with hepatic fibrosis caused by CCl4,and lessen the degree of hepatic fibrosis.

Aim To explore the inhibitory effect of isobavachalcone (IBC)on migration and invasion of
tongue squamous cell carcinoma Tca81 1 3 cells and its possible mechanism.Methods Tca81 1 3 cells were
treated in different concentrations of IBC in vitro.Cell proliferation was detected by MTT;Wound healing as-say and Transwell chamber assay were used to detect the ability of cell migration and invasion;Western blot was applied to detect the expression of Akt,p-Akt, MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins.Results IBC could in-hibit the proliferation of Tca81 1 3 cells in a concentra-tion-and time-dependent manner.IBC can reduce cell migration and invasion.Western blot showed that IBC could an decrease the expression of p-Akt,MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins in a concentration-dependent manner.
However,the level of Akt was not affected by the con-centration of IBC treatment.Conclusion IBC could inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion in Tca81 1 3 cells and its mechanism may be associated with the down-regulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 pro-teins and the inhibition of phosphorylation of upstream Akt.