White spot syndrome virus (WSSV), a unique member within the virus family Nimaviridae, is the most notorious aquatic virus infecting shrimp and other crustaceans and has caused enormous economic losses in the shrimp farming industry worldwide. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of WSSV morphogenesis, structural proteins, and replication is essential for developing prevention measures of this serious parasite. The viral genome is approximately 300kb and contains more than 180 open reading frames (ORF). However, most of proteins encoded by these ORF have not been characterized. Due to the importance of WSSV structural proteins in the composition of the virion structure, infection process and interaction with host cells, knowledge of structural proteins is essential to understanding WSSV entry and infection as well as for exploring effective prevention measures. This review article summarizes mainly current investigations on WSSV structural proteins including the relative quantities, localization, function and protein-protein interactions. Traditional proteomic studies of 1D or 2D gel electrophoresis separations and mass spectrometry (MS) followed by database searches have identified a total of 39 structural proteins. Shotgun proteomics and iTRAQ were initiated to identify more structural proteins. To date, it is estimated that WSSV is assembled by at least 59 structural proteins, among them 35 are defined as the envelope fraction (including tegument proteins) and 9 as nucleocapsid proteins. Furthermore, the interaction within several major structural proteins has also been investigated. This identitification and characterization of WSSV protein components should help in the understanding of the viral assembly process and elucidate the roles of several major structural proteins.

Purpose To analyze the 64-row spiral CT manifestations and evaluate the diagnostic value in early primary ureteral carcinoma.Materials and Methods Fifteen cases of early primary ureteral carcinoma proved by surgery and pathology were reviewd.Unenhanced scan,enhanced scan in arterial phase,parenchymal phase,delayed phase and CPR construction were performed in all patients.MIP were performed in 10 cases.Results ① the localization of lesions:7cases were located at the right ureter and 8 cases at the left.2 cases were located at the upper portion of the ureter,6 at mid portion,and 7 at lower portion;② CT manifestations:8 cases showed irregular thickened wall and central lumen stenosis,4 cases eccentric soft tissue mass in lumen and crescent or linear vestigial lumen,3 cases soft tissue density and obsolescent lumen;③the enhanced features:the tumor was demonstrated apparent and uniform enhancement in 13 cases,inhomogeneous enhancement in 2 cases after administration of contrast medium;④ the accompanied signs:proximate renal and ureteral presented distention,dropsy in different degrees,5 cases appeared delayed development.Conclusion 64-row spiral CT volume scan and 3D reconstruction with multiplane and multiorientation,combined with axial enhanced scan,can show lesions dimensionly and increase the dignostic accuracy in early primary ureteral carcinoma,which has an important value.

Recent studies showed that white spot syndrome virus(WSSV)isolates from different geographic locations share a high genetic similarity except the variable regions in ORF23/24 and ORF14/15,and variable number of tandem repeats(VNTR)within ORF94.In this study,genotyping was performed according to these three variable regions among WSSV isolates collected during 1998/1999 from Southern China.These WSSV isolates contain a deletion of 1168,5657,5898,9316 and 11093 bp,respectively in the variable region ORF23/24compared with WSSV-TW,and a deletion of 4749 or 5622 bp in the variable region ORF14/15 relative to TH-96-II.Four types of repeat units(RUs)(6,8,9 and 13 RUs)in ORF94 were detected in these isolates,with the shortest 6 RUs as the most prevalent type.Our results provide important information for a better understanding of the spatio-temporal transmission mode and the WSSV genetic evolution lineage.

Carcinoma of urinary bladder is one of the most common tumor.As life rhythm speeding up and lifestyle changing,bladder cancer incident increases year after year.Previous major treatment methods for the disease are open surgery and TURBT,but these therapies can not overcome the characteristics of its recurrence.Since the 21st century along with the rapid development of molecular biology technology,the discovery of Survivin gene,new knowledge about HSP molecules in tumor immunology and the progress of the technique called RNA interference,open up a whole new field for early diagnosis and treatment of bladder carcinoma.Discussing the role of Survivin gene in the development of tumor,survivin antisense RNA' s efficacy and the role of HSP70 in the cancer immunity,the review aims at exploring the possibility of the double gene expression vector constructed by Survivin antisense RNA gene and HSP70 gene for bladder carcinoma therapy.

Objective To explore the effects of combining tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-αt) inhibitor with adenosine A2b receptor antagonist CVT-6883 on asthmatic lung irflammation in mice.Methods A total of 40 female Balb/c mice were evenly randomized into 5 groups,including normal control group,asthma group,CVT-6883 group,CVT-6883 + etanercept group,and etanercept group.The pathological changes in the lungs were determined and the number of white blood cells(WBC) and eosinophil(EOS) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) was counted by cell count in each group.The levels of TNF-α in BALF were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The expression of adenosine A2b receptor mRNA in the lung tissues were measured by reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Results 1.The lung tissue in asthma group,dyed by HE,was found to have a large number of airway inflammatory cell infiltration,thickening of the bronchial mucosa,the alveolar septa widened and fracture.In the CVT-6883,CVT-6883 + etanercept and etanercept group,the pathological changes were relieved.2.The WBC and EOS counts in BALF of the asthma group[(413.8 ±5.8)/L,(139.3 ± 1.4)/L] were higher than those of the normal control group [(24.0 ± 1.3)/L,(1.8 ± 0.1)/L,P ＜ 0.05].The WBC and EOS counts of the CVT-6883 group[(111.5 ±3.8)/L,(3.3 ±0.1)/L],the etanercept group + the CVT-6883 group[(173.8 ±3.9)/L,(10.4 ± 0.2)/L],and the etanercept group[(138.4 ± 3.0)/L,(4.1 ± 0.1)/L] were lower than those of the asthma group (P ＜0.05).3.Compared with the control group(100.4 ± 5.7) ng/L,the TNF-α concentration of the asthma group (145.2 ± 8.8) ng/L was significantly higher (P ＜ 0.05) ; the TNF-α concentration of CVT-6883 group (130.9 ± 5.9) ng/L,CVT-6883 + etanercept group(115.7 ± 8.2) ng/L and the etanercept group(122.0 ± 8.7) ng/L,were significantly decreased compared with asthma group (P ＜ 0.05).4.In asthma group (8.9 ± 1.1) compared with the control group(0.6 ± 0.2),the A2bAR (adenosine A2b receptor) mRNA expression was upregulated (P ＜ 0.05) ; CVT-6883 group(1.6 ±0,3),CVT-6883 + etanercept group(2.5 ±0.6) and the etanercept group(5.3 ±0.4),the A2bAR(adenosine A2b receptor) mRNA expression was significantly decreased compared with asthma group (all P ＜0,05).Conclusion Combination of TNF-α inhibitor with adenosine A2b receptor antagonist can reduce asthmatic lung inflammation.

stir-baked Radix Paeoniae Alba with vinegar. Conclusion Different processing method has great influence on the paeoniflorin content of Radix Paeoniae Alba.

Objective To explore the feasibility of CT-guided puncture and cystoperitoneal shunt in the treatment of septum pellucidum cysts.Methods Twelve patients with symptomatic septum pellucidum cysts were treated by CT-guided puncture and cystoperitoneal shunt.There were 8 patients with accompanying hydrocephalus.Before operation,routine coronal CT scans were carried out to determine the relationship between the center of the cyst and the baseline.Results Symptoms of headache and dizziness disappeared in all the 12 patients.No recurrence of epileptic attack was found in 3 patients with epileptic history.Clear consciousnesss was observed in 2 patients with loss of consciousnesss.All the 12 patients were followed for 2~36 months(mean,11 months).Postoperative CT and MRI examinations showed that the cyst disappeared in 10 patients and decreased in size in 2 patients(the maximum diameter decreased by 3~18 mm,with a mean of 12.6 mm).The enlarged ventricle in 8 patients with hydrocephalus was 30% or more smaller than that before operation.All the patients were discharged from hospital without any complications.Conclusions CT-guided puncture and cystoperitoneal shunt in the treatment of symptomatic sepeum pellucidum cysts is feasible and it has advantages of minimally invasion,simple to perform,less complications.

Objective: To develop a type of oral biofilm to treat ora l ulcer.Methods:Chitosan film was prepared with chitosan only,comp osite chitosan film was prepared with chitosan(7 mg/cm 2),aloe (51 mg/cm 2),di caine(0.55 mg/cm 2) and EGF(40 IU/cm 2).Oral ulcer was made by local applicati on of crystal NaOH in 90 SD rats. The rats were divided into 3 groups with 30 in each. The oral ulcer in each group was treated by chitosan film(group C), compo site chitosan film(group CC) or without treatment(control). The ulcer healing wa s obsered by naked eye and examined pathologically. Results:The average healing time(d) of the ulcer in the groups of C,CC and control was 6.2 5 ? 1.29 ,5.58?1.3 and 8.75?2.49 respectively (C or CC vs Control P0.05). 2 days after treatment higher PCNA expression was observ ed in group CC than that in control(P

OBJECTIVE: To observe the therapeutic efficacy of compressed atomized inhalation of Tanreqing injection for herpangina.METHODS: A total of 137 children with herpangina were enrolled: 69 cases(trial group) received Tanreqing injection 0.5 mL?kg-1?d-1 plus 5 mL normal saline q.d by atomized inhalation for 5 consecutive days,and 68(control group) received penicilin G sodium and ribavirin by iv gtt.The curative efficacy of the two groups was followed.RESULTS: There were significant differences between the trial group and the control group in total effective rate and marked effective rate(85.51 % vs.95.65% for total effective rate and 27.94% vs.66.18% for marked effective rate,P

In this article the prophylactic effects of the compound injection of tanshinone to panereatic tissues in the experimental white rats with acute pancreatitis was reported. The compound injection of tanshinone could retard the degrec of pancreatic hemorrhage and necrosis of the experimental white rats. It could also reduce the fatality rate of the animal, The value of serum superoxide dismutase in tanshinone protected group were significantly low or than that of nonprotected group The result suggested that the compound injection tanshinone might minimize the pathological change degrees of the panereatie tissue by means of improving microcirculation of the pancreatic tissues, enhencing the tolerence of the pancrease to anoxia, reducing generation of the free redical.