PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate influences of drinking, smoking, and obesity indices on cardio-cerebrovascular disease risk factors in Korean young men. METHODS: The subjects were 234 young men, aged 20 to 39 years. Body mass index (BMI), percent body fat (PBF), body fat mass (kg), and waist hip ratio (WHR) were measured as obesity indices. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting blood sugar (FBS), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured as cardio-cerebrovascular disease risk factors. The data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis using SAS 9.4. RESULTS: Statistically significant factors were BMI for SEP; age, degree of drinking, body fat mass for DBP; WHR for TC; WHR and age for TG; age, degree of smoking and PBF for HDL-C; WHR, age and degree of smoking for LDL-C. CONCLUSION: Factors identified in this study need to be considered in cardio-cerebrovascular disease prevention programs for young men.

Familial juvenile polyposis is a rare intestinal polyposis characterized by the occurrence of multiple juvenile polyps in the gastrointestinal tract. We report a case of familial juvenile polyposis in a 17-year-old man with a review of the literature. This patient underwent total colectomy due to a 6 years history of rectal bleeding. Grossly, the colon showed 36 variable sized pedunculated polyps, measuring 2.5cm x 2cm from the largest size and 0.2cm x 0.2cm to the smallest size. Histologically, the polyps consisted of cystically dilated glands, lined by normal colonic epithelial cells, scattered in loose, edematous stroma containing inflammatory cell infiltration. There were no areas of tubular adenoma or malignancy in any of the polyp.
Adenoma ; Adolescent ; Colectomy ; Colon ; Epithelial Cells ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Intestinal Polyposis ; Polyps

Induction of general anesthesia with tracheal intubation may eause hypertension and tachycardia with concomitant increase in plasam catecholamine concentration. These transient stress responses are undesirable, especially in patients with cardiovascular or intracrainal diseases. Many drugs(topical or i.v. lidocaine, inhalation anestheties, opioids, adrenergic blockers, etc) are used in an attempt to blunt these potentially adverse hemodynamic responses. This study was made to examine blunting effect of labetalol and fentanyl for hemodynamic changes after tracheal intubation. Eighty patients, ASA physical status I or II, scheduled for elective surgery were selected randomly. They were divided into four groups. Group l: Control(saline)(n=20) Group 2: Labetalol 0.125 mg/kg(n=20) Group 3: Labetalol 0.25 mg/kg(n=20) Group 4: Fentanyl 3 ug/kg(n=20) Study drugs were injected 3 minutes before induction with thiopental sodium. Patients were induced with thiopental sodium 5 mg/kg and succinylcholine chloride l mg/kg i.v.in all groups. 5 minutes after injection of study drug, laryngoscopy was initiated and performed tracheal in- tubation. After the completion of intubation, 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen and 1.5vol.% halothane was administed. The blood pressure and heart rate were measured using automated noninvasive blood pressure device and E.C.G. monitoring for 10 minutes per 1 minute. Data were analyzed with Stu- dent's t-test within the group and unpaired t-test between the groups. P<0.05 was considered significant. Labetalol or fentanyl pretreatment significantly blunted the increase in heart rate and rate pressure product caused by laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation. But the increase of arterial blood pressure was blunted significantly in fentanyl 3 ug/kg group. Labetalol and fentanyl may offer an important role in patients in whom an increase in blood pressure, heart rate and/or rate pressure product should be avoided during the endotracheal intubation.
Adrenergic Antagonists ; Analgesics, Opioid ; Anesthesia, General ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Pressure ; Fentanyl* ; Halothane ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics* ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Inhalation ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal* ; Labetalol* ; Laryngoscopy ; Lidocaine ; Nitrous Oxide ; Oxygen ; Succinylcholine ; Tachycardia ; Thiopental

PURPOSE : The 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases(17HSDs) play an important role in the regulation of the physiologic activities of sex steroid hormones. The predominance of 17HSD type 1 in the malignant breast tissue could increase the estrogen-dependent proliferation and stimulate the cancer progression. On the other hand, the oxidative 17HSD type 2 may protect the normal breast cells from an excessive estradiol effect. To identify the role of 17HSD type 2 in the carcinogenesis of breast cancer, we investigate the mutation of 17HSD type 2 in 35 breast cancers. METHODS : We analyzed the entire coding region of the 17 HSD type 2 gene for detection of the somatic mutations in 35 invasive ductal carcinomas of the breast by polymerase chain reaction, single strand conformation polymorphism, and DNA sequencing. RESULTS : We found one missense mutation in exon 6(2.86%). It revealed the CCT-->CTT (Pro-->Leu) transition type at codon 262 in exon 6. CONCLUSION : In present study, we found only a mutation of the 17beta -HSD type 2 gene in breast cancer and could not demonstrate the direct relationship between the mutation of the 17beta -HSD type 2 gene and the development of breast cancer. These results suggest that the mutation of 17HSD type 2 doesn? play a major role in the development of breast cancer.
Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Clinical Coding ; Codon ; Estradiol ; Exons ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones ; Hand ; Mutation, Missense ; Oxidoreductases* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

PURPOSE : The 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases(17HSDs) play an important role in the regulation of the physiologic activities of sex steroid hormones. The predominance of 17HSD type 1 in the malignant breast tissue could increase the estrogen-dependent proliferation and stimulate the cancer progression. On the other hand, the oxidative 17HSD type 2 may protect the normal breast cells from an excessive estradiol effect. To identify the role of 17HSD type 2 in the carcinogenesis of breast cancer, we investigate the mutation of 17HSD type 2 in 35 breast cancers. METHODS : We analyzed the entire coding region of the 17 HSD type 2 gene for detection of the somatic mutations in 35 invasive ductal carcinomas of the breast by polymerase chain reaction, single strand conformation polymorphism, and DNA sequencing. RESULTS : We found one missense mutation in exon 6(2.86%). It revealed the CCT-->CTT (Pro-->Leu) transition type at codon 262 in exon 6. CONCLUSION : In present study, we found only a mutation of the 17beta -HSD type 2 gene in breast cancer and could not demonstrate the direct relationship between the mutation of the 17beta -HSD type 2 gene and the development of breast cancer. These results suggest that the mutation of 17HSD type 2 doesn? play a major role in the development of breast cancer.
Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Clinical Coding ; Codon ; Estradiol ; Exons ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones ; Hand ; Mutation, Missense ; Oxidoreductases* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

Gallbladder carcinoma is the most common primary hepatobiliary carcinoma and the fifth most common malignancy of the GI tract. The most common type of gallbladder carcinoma is adenocarcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma of the gallbladder is rarer and is responsible for up to 12.7% of gallbladder tumors. A 78-year-old man was incidentally suspected of having a gallbladder mass on an abdominal CT scan and underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Pathology results confirmed the mass as a squamous cell carcinoma. Here we report a case of keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma of the gallbladder and review the literature.
Adenocarcinoma ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cholecystectomy ; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic ; Gallbladder ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Keratins

Among the four-hundred patients with cerebral aneurysms confirmed by cerebral angiography, we divided them into two age groups, one with ages 39 years or younger(young-aged group: 51 patients, 12.8%), and another with ages 65 years or older(old aged group: 45 patients, 11.3%). A comparison was undertaken in regard to clinical characteristics and overall outcome in two groups. In young-aged group, the female-to-male ratio was 2.2: 1 whereas, women was predominant by five times more in old aged group. Anterior communicating artery aneurysm was the most common site(43.1%) in young-aged group, unlike to old aged group where posterior communicating artery was the most common site(33.3%). The most common symptom was headache in both groups, and the hypertension was more frequent in young-aged group(45.5%) than old-aged group(33.3%). Surgery was performed in 43 patients(84%) in younger group, and 37 patients(82.2%) in elderly group. Young-aged group showed more favorable outcome(91%) than old-aged group(70%).
Aged ; Arteries ; Cerebral Angiography ; Female ; Headache ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Prognosis

A rare case of primary reticulum cell sarcoma of the brain in a 56-year-old male is reported. The tumor was located in the left temporoparietal lobe. Brain CT scan revealed well enhanced mass with surrounding brain edema in left temporoparietal area. Osteoplastic craniotomy was performed for removal of tumor. Then the patient received radiation therapy with a good result.
Brain Edema ; Brain* ; Craniotomy ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reticulum* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

PURPOSE: Partial obstruction of the rat bladder outlet induces a rapid hypertrophy characterized by increased smooth muscle content and collagen deposition. This increased collagen is likely to reduce the quality of the contraction and compliance of the bladder wall. Also it has been reported that an alteration in the ratio of type I and III collagen may be more important than the amount of collagen in determining compliance. To evaluate the genetic basis of collagen deposition in the partially obstructed rat bladder, the author observed the change of proalpha1(I) collagen, proalpha1(III) collagen, proalpha(IV) collagen and matrix-metalloproteinase(MMP)-2 mRNA after partial urethral obstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Female Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 150-200g were used. Individual bladders were obtained from unoperated rats, and from rats at 6, 12, 48, 72, hours, 5 and 7 days after partial urethral obstruction and sham operation. Total RNA was extracted from each of these tissue, The expression of mRNAs were assessed by Northern blot analysis. The band intensities of the autoradiographs measured by densitometry were compared between the obstructed and sham group. RESULTS: Partial urethral obstruction induced a gradual increase in bladder weights, The expression of mRNA for proalpha1(I) collagen was generally attenuated within 24hours after obstruction. In extended period of obstruction, the expression of mRNA for proalpha1(I)collagen reached a peak at day 3-5(219% increase), and remained elevated through day 7. The expression of mRNA for proalpha1(I)collagen was coregulated with that of pro alpha1(I) collagen, however, the mean ratio to control value of band intensity for proalpha1(III)collagen mRNA was 2 times higher than that of proalpha1(I) collagen, during days 3-7. The expression of mRNA for proalpha1(IV)collagen showed a sharp increase at 48 hours(438% increase)after obstruction earlier than proalpha1(I)collagen and proalpha1(III)collagen mRNA. In extended period of obstruction the expression reached a peak at 72 hours(883% increase) and the mean ratio to control value of band intensity for proalpha alpha collagen mRNA was much higher than those of proalpha1(I) collagen and proalpha1(III) collagen. The expression of MMP-2 mRNA increased from 48hours after obstruction, and reached a peak at day 3-5. CONCLUSIONS: These results sugges that the increase of collagen in the rat bladder after partial urethral obstruction results from an increase of expression of collagen genes, and the decrease of bladder wall compliance results from an increased transcription of type I collagen gene and increase of the ratio of proalpha1(III)collagen to proalpha1(I)collagen mRNA. Because expression of proalpha1(I), (III), (IV) collagen and MMP-2 mRNA increased sharply after 48hours, it is suggested that genetic events leading to remodeling of bladder start at 48hours after partial urethral obstruction.
Animals ; Blotting, Northern ; Collagen Type I* ; Collagen* ; Compliance ; Densitometry ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Muscle, Smooth ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; RNA ; RNA, Messenger* ; Urethral Obstruction ; Urinary Bladder* ; Weights and Measures

Aneurysmal bone cysts are uncommon bony lesions that usually occur in the metaphyseal region of the long bones in adolescents. Approximately 20% of the aneurysmal bone cysts occur in the spine, predominantly in the lumbar region. These lesions commonly arise from the posterior elements(ex, spinous process, laminae) and occasionally invade the pedicles and the vertebral body. We experienced a case of aneurysmal bone cyst on the entire 5th cervical vertebra(vertebral body, pedicle, laminae, spinous process and transverse process). We perfomed C5 corpectomy and fusion with ORION plate and autologous bone graft on C4-5-6, and C5 total laminectomy with gross total mass removal and posterior fusion with Heid lateral plate system and autologous bone graft and wiring on C4-5-6. The patient showed good recovery. We report a rare case of aneurysmal bone cyst on the whole involved 5th cervical vertebra
Adolescent ; Aneurysm* ; Bone Cysts* ; Bone Cysts, Aneurysmal ; Humans ; Laminectomy ; Lumbosacral Region ; Spine* ; Transplants