This paper reports 17 cases of hypomagnesemic convulsiens of the newhorn that were admitted from Se-Ptember 1981 to January 1983. Only 2 patients were breast-fed.Symptoms and signs of hypomagnesemia are indistinguishable from these of hypocalcemia unless the serum magne-sium is determ ined. Serum magnes iumlevels had been determined in 50 normal children. The average value-2 standard deviation=2.17-2?0.34=1.49mEq/L.We defined hypomagnesemia as the serum magnesium lcvels below 1.48mEg/L. The serum magnesium levels of 17 patients varied from 0.65 to 1.46m Eq/L. Of 10 cases serum calcium le-vel6mg/dl.2.5%MgSO_4 was given intraveno-usly by continuous infusion in a dose of 2-4ml/kg every 12 hours. After the convulsions had been controlled a dose of 25% MgSO_4 was given intramuscul-arly in a dose of 0.4ml/kg twice daily Convulsions usually ceased after 1--4doses of MgSO_4, but the serum magne-sium levels did not rise to normal le-vels until 2-6 days. The convulsions could not be controlled by repeated ad-ministrations of calcium gluconate in 5 patients who had both hypomagnes-emja and hypocalcemia. Only after theadministiation of MgSO_4 did the serum calicum levels rise to the normal level and the convulsions cease.Electrocardjograms recorded in 7 patients all were abnormal but 1 case,so we should pay attention to the inf-luence of magnesium upon the heart.

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of large flow-through venous flap for salvaging the limb on the verge of amputation complicated with arterial defect.Methods Between March 2012 and January 2015,large flow-through venous flap was used in 10 patients with upper limb on the verge of amputation to reconstruct artery defect and large-area skin and soft tissue defect,including 6 males and 4 females with a mean age of 27.9 years (range,18 to 41 years).Injury was caused by machine crush in 4 patients,twisting belt pulley in 4,and traffic accident in 2.The dimension of skin defect ranged from 6.5 cm× 10.0 cm to 10.5 cm × 18.0 cm (mean,9.0 cm × 12.0 cm).Vascular defect length ranged from 6.0 to 16.0 cm (mean,12.3 cm).Time from injury to operation was 1.5-5.5 h (mean,3.5 h).After operation,flap survival,appearance,texture and sensation were recorded.Upper limb function was evaluated using the standard set up by hand surgery branch of Chinese Medical Association.Results The flap varied in size from 8.0 cm×12.0 cm-12.0 cm ×20.0 cm (mean,10.0 cm × 13.5 cm).One patient was amputated due to severe postoperative infection,and 9 patients were successfully operated.The flap showed small-area necrosis on the distal end in 2 patients,which was cured after dressing change,while survived completely in 7 patients.The donor wounds healed in one stage.After 12-27 months of follow-up (mean,13.7 months),the thickness,texture and appearance of the flap were close to the surrounding normal tissues and the skin protective sensation was restored.The functional results were excellent in 6 patients,good in 2 and poor in 1,with the excellent and good rate of 89％.Conclusion Large flow-through venous flap can reconstruct upper-limb vascular defect while repairing large-area wound,and has advantages of easy operation,less damage to the donor site and good appearance.

OBJECTIVETo explore clinical effects of suturing-assisted locking plate in treating elderly proximal humeral fractures.

METHODSFrom January 2005 to January 2013, 55 elderly patients with three- and four-part fractures of proximal humeral fractures were divided into treatment group and control group. In treatment group, there were 31 patients including 12 males, and 19 females aged from 65 to 85 with an average of (74.00±5.42) years old, and treated with suturing-assisted locking plates; 19 patients were Neer 3-part fractures, and 12 patients were Neer 4-part fractures of proximal humerus; 23 patients were suffered from low-energy injuries and 8 patients were caused by high-energy injuries. In control group, there were 24 patients including 7 males, and 17 females aged from 65 to 85 with an average of (72.79±5.34) years old, and treated with locking plates; 16 patients were Neer 3-part fractures, and 8 patients were Neer 4-part fractures of proximal humerus; 17 patients were suffered from low-energy injuries and 7 patients were caused by high-energy injuries. Operative time, blood loss during operation, and bone healing time between two groups were observed and compared. Postoperative Neer scoring were used to evaluate recovery of shoulder joint function.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up from 6 to 24 months with an average of 16.1 months. In treatment group, blood loss was (495.806±143.150) ml, function of Neer scoring was 22.645±2.443, range of action was 18.194±2.613, anatomy was 7.935±1.504 and total score of Neer scoring was 77.161±8.335; while in control group, blood loss was (641.667±169.851) ml, function of Neer scoring was 13.958±1.989, range of action was 13.083±2.165, anatomy was 5.500±1.978 and total score of Neer scoring was 58.792±7.313. There were sigificant difference between two groups in these indexes.

CONCLUSIONSuturing-assisted locking plate for the treatment of proximal humerus fractures in elderly, has advantages of less blood loss, simple fracture reduction and rapid recovery of shoulder joint, and is a effective method.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Plates ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Recovery of Function ; Shoulder Fractures ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Shoulder Joint ; physiopathology ; Sutures

To study the protective effect of astragalus saponin extracts (AS) on kidneys of diabetic rats. Totally 32 diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin (STZ) were divided into AS high and low dose groups, the positive control group and the model group (DM group) and orally administered with 50 mg x- kg(-1) x d(-1) AS 200, 25 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) valsartan, 10 mL x kg(-1) x d(1) physiological saline, respectively. Another 8 healthy rats were collected in the normal control group (NC group, physiological saline 10 mL x kg(-1). d(-1)). All rats were treated for consecutively 6 weeks. After the administration, the body weight was measured every week, the concentration of blood glucose was monitored on week 2, 4 and 6. The total urine and total urinary protein (U-TP) in 24 h were measured by the metabolic cage method on week 6; At the end of week 6, blood samples were collected from hearts to detect blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr), uric acid (UA) , total cholesterol (CH) triglyceride (TG) by biochemical methods. Kidneys were collect to calculate the kidney hypertrophy index and observe the pathological sections. The laboratory results show that in the DM group, the blood glucose, metabolic cost in 24 h, kidney hypertrophy index, U-TP, BUN, Scr, UA, TG were significantly higher than that in the NC group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) , with significant pathological changes; After the intervention with AS, the metabolic value in 24 h, kidney hypertrophy index, U-TP, BUN, Scr, UA, TG were significantly lower in the high dose group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), and the kidney hypertrophy index, BUN, Scr, UA, TG in the low dose group were also significantly lower (P < 0.05), with slight reduction in renal pathological changes in both groups. In conclusion, Astragalus saponin extracts have a certain protective effect on kidneys of diabetic rats.
Animals ; Astragalus Plant ; chemistry ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; metabolism ; prevention & control ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Kidney ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Saponins ; administration & dosage ; Uric Acid ; metabolism

Objective To discuss the value of diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) and 18F-FDG-PET/CT in assessing the early therapeutic effect of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for VX2 sarcomas in experimental rabbits. Methods VX2 sarcoma was inoculated at bilateral hind limbs in 14 New Zealand white rabbits to establish the animal models. The implanted VX2 tumor on one hind leg was treated with ultrasound-guided percutaneous RFA (study group), while no RFA was given to the VX2 tumor on the contralateral hind leg (control group). DWI-MRI was performed at 2 days after RFA, and 18F-FDG-PET/CT examination was employed at 3 days after RFA. The mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and standard uptake value (SUV) of the untreated tumor and the ablated tumor were separately calculated. Taking the pathologic result as the gold standard, the consistency of DWI-MRI, PET/CT as well as the combination of DWI-MRI and PET/CT with the clinical diagnosis was separately evaluated by Kappa test. Results Before RFA, DWI-MRI demonstrated that the VX2 tumor was characterized by hypo-intensity signal on T1 and hyper-intensity signal on T2 with ring-shaped enhancement on T1-weighted image; PET/CT showed that the tumor had nodular or ring-shaped 18F-FDG accumulation. After RFA, DWI-MRI revealed that the VX2 tumor was manifested as hyper-intensity signal on T1 and slight higher density on T1 with slight enhancement on contrast-enhanced T1-weighted image; PET/CT showed lowered accumulation of 18F-FDG. The mean ADC value of the ablated tumor was (1.52 ± 0.24) × 10-3 mm2/s, which was obviously higher than that of the un-ablated tumor, that was (1.09 ± 0.12) × 10-3 mm2/s, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The mean SUV value of the ablated tumor was (0.6 ± 0.3), which was significantly lower than that of the ablated tumor (9.6 ± 3.2, P<0.05). No significant difference in sensitivity, specificity and accuracy existed between DWI-MRI and pathology as well as between PET/CT and pathology, the Kappa value being 0.357 and 0.428 respectively (P>0.05). The Kappa value of the consistency between combination of DWI-MRI with PET/CT and pathology was 0.786, which was significantly different from the result by simple DWI-MRI or simple PET/CT evaluation (P< 0.05). Conclusion Both ADC value of DWI-MRI and SUV value of PET/CT are useful indexes for evaluating the early therapeutic effect of RFA. Both DWI-MRI and PET/CT have their respective advantages, nevertheless, combination use of both can effectively improve the evaluation of curative effect for VX2 tumor after RFA in experimental rabbits.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of warming yang method, nourishing yin method, activating blood method, and the combined treatment method on the ventricular remodeling (VR) and the heart function of heart failure (HF) rats of Shen-yang deficiency syndrome (SYDS).

METHODSThe Sprague-Dawley (SD) HF rat model of SYDS was established by continuously intravenous dripping adriamycin after economizing bilateral thyroid tissues. Rats were then randomly divided into the model group (administered with normal saline at the daily dose of 6 mL/kg by gastrogavage), the warming yang group (administered with Wenyang Jianxinling Extractum at the daily dose of 6 mL/kg by gastrogavage), the activating blood group (administered with Ligusticum Wallichii and Salvia Miltiorrhiza Extractum at the daily dose of 6 mL/kg by gastrogavage), the nourishing yin group (administered with Radix Ophiopogonis and Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Extractum at the daily dose of 6 mL/kg by gastrogavage), and the combined treatment group (administered with Yin-Yang Supplementing Extractum at the daily dose of 6 mL/kg by gastrogavage), 10 in each group. Another 10 SD rats were taken as the normal control group. They ate food and drank water freely. All rats were intervened for four successive weeks. The left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP), maximal rate of left ventricular pressure of development ( +dp/dtmax), and maximal rate of left ventricular pressure of decline (-dp/dtmax) were observed. The systolic blood pressure (SBP) and the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were determined. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) was calculated. The heart rate (HR) was recorded. Then all rats were killed and their hearts were taken out to weigh the heart mass (HM), the left ventricular mass (LVM), the right ventricular mass (RVM). The heart mass index (HMI) and the left ventricular mass index (LVMI) were calculated. The mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP1) in the myocardium were detected using RT-PCR. The serum levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), MMP-9, and TIMP-1 were assayed by double antibody sandwich ELISA.

RESULTSCompared with the normal control group, HR, LVEDP, HM, LVM, HMI, RVM, LVMI, NT-proBNP, MMP-9, and MMP-9 mRNA significantly increased, but SBP, DBP, MAP, LVSP, +/- dp/dtmax, TIMP-1, and TIMP-1 mRNA significantly decreased in the model group with statistical difference (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, SBP and DBP, +/-dp/dtmax increased,while LVEDP, NT-proBNP, and MMP-9 decreased in the warming yang group. HR, LVEDP, HM, LVM, HMI, RVM, LVMI, MMP-9 mRNA, NT-proBNP, and MMP-9 significantly decreased, while TIMP-1 mRNA increased in the activating blood group. HR, LVEDP, +/- dp/dtmax, LVMI, NT-proBNP, and MMP-9 decreased, while TIMP-1 increased in the combined treatment group, showing statistical difference (P<0.05). Compared with the warming yang group, SBP and +dp/dtmax decreased in the nourishing yin group; HR and MMP-9 mRNA decreased in the activating blood group, HR decreased in the combined treatment group, all showing statistical difference (P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in the rest indices (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONActivating blood method and combined treatment method could regulate the expressions of MMP-9 and TIMP1 mRNA of HF rats of SYDS, effectively ameliorate the VR, and improve the HF.

Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Heart Failure ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; metabolism ; Phytotherapy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 ; metabolism ; Ventricular Remodeling ; Yang Deficiency ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect and mechanism of Compound Salvia injection (CSI) on nitrate ester tolerance.

METHODSEighty-four patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) were randomly divided into three groups, Group A treated with isosorbide dinitrate (ISD, 15 mg, 4 times per day) alone, Group B with ISD plus CSI and Group C with ISD plus vitamin C. The therapeutic course for all groups was 10 days. The tolerance to nitrate ester and blood pressure were monitored. Before and after treatment, the color Doppler ultrasonic apparatus was used to detect the baseline value of humeral arterial internal diameters (D0), the humeral arterial dilatory response under compression [D1, that is, the flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD)] and the vasodilatory response after sucking of nitroglycerin (D2). And the blood levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) mRNA expression were determined. The endothelial-dependent vasodilation (EDD) was expressed by (D1 - D0)/D0 x 100%, and the endothelial-independent vasodilation (EID) was expressed by (D2 - D0)/D0 x 100%.

RESULTS(1) The occurrence rate of nitrate tolerance in Group B and C (28.57% and 35.7%) was lower than that in Group A (64.29%), but insignificant difference was found between the former two. (2) After treatment, blood pressure increased in Group A to the level of pre-treatment, that in Group C also increased but still lower than that of pre-treatment, while insignificant increase was observed in Group B, comparison between Group B and C showed significant difference (P < 0.05). (3) After treatment, EID lowered in Group A, EDD increased in Group B and C (P < 0.05), EDD and EID in Group B and C were higher than those in Group A (P < 0.05), and EDD was higher in Group B than in Group C (P < 0.05). (4) After treatment, ET-1 mRNA expression lowered in Group B, eNOS mRNA expression increased in Group B and C, with significant difference as compared with those before treatment and those in Group A (P < 0.05), and eNOS mRNA expression in Group C was lower than that in Group B (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONCSI could partially prevent the occurrence of tolerance to nitrate ester, with the effect better than vitamin C, the mechanism might be related with its regulation on eNOS, ET-1 mRNA expression and protection on vascular endothelial function.

Adult ; Aged ; Coronary Disease ; drug therapy ; Drug Resistance ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Endothelin-1 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Isosorbide Dinitrate ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III ; Phytotherapy ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; Vasodilator Agents ; therapeutic use

Glutaraldehyde clinically is the most commonly accepted crosslinking reagent for bioprosthetic valves preparation. Glutaraldehyde-treated tissue is stable against chemical and enzymatic degradation; however, its calcification and cytotoxicity are severe. Dye-mediated photooxidation is an alternative tissue preservation method that oxidizes the protein with visible light in the presence of a suitable photosensitizer. This article reviews chemical mechanism, research progress, clinical applications future development of these two methods.
Animals ; Bioprosthesis ; Calcinosis ; Cross-Linking Reagents ; Glutaral ; Heart Valve Prosthesis ; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation ; Humans ; Photochemistry

OBJECTIVETo crosslink bovine pericardial valves by phthalocyanine sensitized photooxidation reaction.

METHODSFresh bovine pericardial tissues were immersed in PBS solution containing 0.01% cupreous sulfonatophthalocyanine and exposed to a broad wavelength light source for 20-120 h. Using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyarylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) to analyze the cross-linking extent of pericardial tissue. With the help of attenuated total reflection-fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), explained the change of protein structure after photooxidation reaction. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to measure the change of shrinkage temperature. Tissue water content experiment method was also used.

RESULTSPhotooxidized tissue was resistant to extraction when it was compared with untreated tissue and had similar crosslinking extent over glutaraldehyde-treated tissue. The three dimension structure of collagen were changed but not seriously destroyed and the model of photooxidation reaction was validated. Phthalocyanine-treated tissue was much more flexible than glutaraldehyde-treated tissue.

CONCLUSIONBovine pericardial tissue can be successfully crosslinked by phthalocyanine-mediated photooxidation reaction.

Animals ; Bioprosthesis ; Cattle ; Cross-Linking Reagents ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Heart Valve Prosthesis ; Indoles ; Pericardium ; chemistry ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared

OBJECTIVETo observe the prevalence and distribution of ideal cardiovascular health behavior.

METHODSHealth examination data between 2008 to 2009 from the employees of Kailuan Group were analyzed.

RESULTSA total of 101 333 subjects took part in the health examination, subjects with previous myocardial infarction (n = 871), stroke (n = 2255), myocardial infarction and stroke (n = 162) and subjects with incomplete examination data (n = 9311) were excluded and 88 534 subjects were included for final analysis [mean age (50.6 ± 12.3) years, male 69 916]. (1) Body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic pressure, cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride were significantly higher in males than in females (all P < 0.05), women's income and the education lever were significantly higher than men (P < 0.05). (2) The distribution of ideal cardiovascular health behavior (smoking, BMI, physical exercise, salt intake) was 55.8%, 41.4%, 18.9% and 14.0% respectively among the population; the ideal cardiovascular factors (fasting blood glucose, TC, blood pressure) was 80.9%, 61.8% and 18.5%, respectively. (3) The subjects with distribution of seven, six, five, four ideal cardiovascular health behavior and factors was 0.1%, 1.9%, 9.1%, 20.3%, respectively. (4) Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that female, age < 55 and high education level were associated with the ideal cardiovascular health status with a RR value (95%CI) of 4.52 (4.32 - 4.72), 1.46 (1.39 - 1.53) and 2.23 (2.10 - 2.37), respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe prevalence of ideal cardiovascular health is extremely low in the study population, most persons were not in the ideal cardiovascular health behavior and factors and female, age < 55 and high education level are linked with ideal cardiovascular health status.

Adult ; Age Factors ; Body Mass Index ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity ; epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Smoking ; epidemiology