This paper discuss new object about internal hospice care. first: Hospice care will suit for the needs of market economy. Second: Hospital Care how to neet different demoands.

Objective To evaluate the effects of peer education program on HIV/AIDS prevention among senior high school students. Methods Three senior high schools were randomly selected from Hongkou District of Shanghai as sample schools. One hundred and forty-three students from one class of each school were randomly selected as intervention group,and 152 students from another class of each school were served as control group. Six class hours of peer education program on HIV/AIDS prevention were conducted among intervention group. The same questionnaires which contained knowledge of reproductive health,HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases were administered before the program,one week and one year after the program. Results The knowledge scores before the program,one week and one year after the program in intervention group were 21.66?8.71,31.72?7.78 and 30.97?8.46,respectively,and those in control group were 22.32?9.24,22.61?8.66 and 22.51?9.16,respectively. There was no significant difference in the knowledge scores before the program between intervention group and control group,while there were significant differences in the knowledge scores one week and one year after the program between intervention group and control group (P

The single colonel composition of pituitary adenomas of human attests to the molecular basis of pituitary tumorigenesis. This review offers a specific overview of the involvement of alternation of tumor oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) in the pathogenesis of human pituitary adenomas. Mutations of gsp and H ras oncogenes genes and amplification of PKC have been identified in pituitary adenomas. Especially the mutation of gsp has been detected in 40% human GH secreting pituitary adenomas. The role of TSGs(tumor suppressor genes) including MEN 1, p53, Rb and p16 in pituitary adenoma formation and progression has yet be observed. Providing evidence proves that activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes seem to be at least one mechanism by which human pituitary adenomas origin and progress.

Newer retinal imaging technologies help us in understanding the pathogenesis of many retinal pathologies,such as diabetic retinopathy,age related macular degeneration,glaucoma and uveitis.Early detection of these retinal diseases can prevent the onset of progressive vision loss,and aid in the development of new treatment options.Retinal functional imager (RFI) is an unique and noninvasive functional imaging system.Unlike most of the available newer retinal imaging tools,the RFI not only shows retinal structural changes,but can directly monitor functional changes and measure hemodynamic parameters,such as retinal bloodflow velocity,oximetric state,etc.This article reviews the utility progress of RFI in various retinal diseases.

Aged ; Humans ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Presbycusis ; genetics

Adult ; Aged ; Benzidines ; toxicity ; Coloring Agents ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; epidemiology

Accidents, Occupational ; Acrylamide ; poisoning ; Adolescent ; Critical Illness ; Humans ; Male ; Young Adult

AIM: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of surgery for spontaneous subconjunctival orbital fat prolapse via bulbar conjunctiva under topical anesthesia.
●METHODS: A total of 22 eyes of 11 patients received surgery for spontaneous subconjunctival orbital fat prolapse via bulbar conjunctiva under topical anesthesia were included. Objective and subjective duration of the operation, degree of cooperation during surgery, postoperative recovery, recurrence and complications were observed.
●RESULTS: In the process of surgery, patients without pain and being-cooperated were recorded in 17 eyes. The patients who occasionally felt slight pain, but within endurance after adding topical anesthesia once and the operation was completed successfully were recorded in 5 eyes ( the second eye surgery ) . The operation was successfully completed in all the patients. Compared the coordination degree during surgery of Gradel with GradeⅡ, the difference was statistically significant ( t=-3. 123, P<0. 01). All eyes were healed well after operation.
● CONCLUSION: The surgery for spontaneous subconjunctival orbital fat prolapse via bulbar conjunctiva under topical anesthesia can ensure satisfactory anesthetic effect and get better quality of operation. It′s a simple, safe and effective anesthesia method for spontaneous subconjunctival orbital fat prolapse.

Cancer is still one of the major diseases threatening human life and health. At present, how to achieve precise diagnosis and treatment of tumors is the biggest challenge in cancer treatment. Prodrugs use the tumor specificity of targeting molecules to deliver anticancer drugs to tumor sites, which can effectively improve drug bioavailability, therapeutic efficacy and safety, and are currently a hot spot in the research and development of anticancer drugs. The targeting molecules of prodrugs mainly include nucleic acid aptamers, polymers, antibodies, polypeptides, etc. Among them, polypeptides have the advantages of good biocompatibility, controllable degradation performance, high in vivo responsiveness, and simple and easy preparation methods, and are widely used. It is used to construct peptide-drug conjugates (PDC) prodrugs to achieve targeted therapy of tumors. In recent years, with the development of phage peptide library technology and peptide standard solid-phase synthesis technology, more and more targeted peptides have been discovered and effectively synthesized and modified, providing strong support for the development of PDC. This review briefly introduces the types and functions of functional peptides and linkers in PDC, and discusses the application of PDC in chemotherapy, immunotherapy and photodynamic therapy in tumor targeted diagnosis and treatment, and finally summarizes the difficulties faced by PDC drug development.

Objective To observe clinical curative effect of pregabalin combined with oxycodone hydrochloride controlled-release tablets on patients with postherpetic neuralgia(PHN).Methods 84 patients with PHN were randomly divided into observation group (n=42 cases) and control group ( n=42 cases); control group was given oxycodone hydrochloride controlled-release tablets, observation group received pregabalin combined with oxycodone hydrochloride controlled-release tablets treatment; NRS, dermatology life quality index (DLQI), Pittsburgh sleep quality score (PSQI) and SAS score were recoded before and after 1,2,4 weeks treatment; 24 h duration of pain, 24 h total sleep time , pain-relief effectiveness and adverse reactions of two group were compared.Results NRS, DLQI, PSQI and SAS score of two groups after 1,2,4 weeks treatment was lower than before treatment (P<0.05), all the scores of observation group were lower than control group (P <0.05); 24 h duration of pain of observation group was obviously less than control group ( P <0.05 ) , 24 h total sleep time was longer than control group ( P <0.05 ); dose of oxycodone hydrochloride controlled-release tablets in observation group was lower than control group ( P <0.05 ); pain relief effectiveness of observation group was obviously higher than that of control group (P<0.05); adverse reactions of observation group such as dry mouth, dizziness was higher than control group (P<0.05), the rest of the adverse reactions in two groups had no significant statistical difference.Conclusions Treatment of pregabalin combined with oxycodone hydrochloride controlled-release tablets are both effective and safe significantly, and can obviously improve the patient’ s pain symptoms, improve quality of life, preferable satisfactory comprehensive curative effect.