OBJECTIVE:To optimize the preparation technique of norcantharidin liposome(NL) and study its pharmaceutical properties. METHODS: With envelopment efficiency(EE), mean particle size and span of the liposome as indexes, the effects of thin-film dispersion method, injection method, reverse phase evaporation and reverse phase film-evaporation method on the EE and particle size of the NL were evaluated. And the uniform design was used to optimize the reverse phase film-evaporation preparation technique of NL with the amount of phospholipid (X1), the mass ratio of phospholipid/ cholesterol (X2), the sonde-type ultrasounding times (X3), the dilution times of buffer phosphate (X4), the volume ratio of oil/water phase (X5) and the mass ratio of lipoids/ drug (X6) as integrated indexes. A verification test was performed on the optimal technique. RESULTS: The formulation prepared by reverse phase film-evaporation technique exhibited the best EE. The preparation conditions of the optimized NL were as follows: X1=200 mg; X2=7∶1; X3=20 times; X4=50 times; X5=1∶4; X6=30∶1. The verification test showed that the EE, the mean particle size and the span of the liposome were (42.5?1.3)%, (210.9?2.1) nm and (0.61?0.12), respectively. CONCLUSION: NL was prepared successfully.

Objective To discuss the clinical value of partial splenic embolization in the treatment of schistosomial hypersplenism. Methods Peripheral partial splenic embolization using gelatin sponge (gelfoam) was performed in 17 cases of schistosomial hypersplenism. Results The amount of devascularized parenchyma was 50%~75% (mean, 59%). Postoperative follow-up was conducted for 6~29 months (mean, 16.9 months) in all the 17 cases. The leucocyte count was elevated significantly on the latest follow-up (5.74?1.31?109/L), as compared with the preoperative value (2.19?0.73?109/L) (t=11.86,P=0.000). The platelet count was significantly higher on the latest follow-up (106.18?30.92 ?109/L) than before the embolization (31.29?14.09?109/L) (t=8.28,P=0.000). No severe complications were seen. Conclusions Partial splenic embolization in the treatment of schistosomial hypersplenism is safe and effective, but its long-term effects remain a question to be answered through further research.

OBJECTIVETo discuss the necessity of MRI as a routine examination for diagnosis of glomus tumor.

METHODSFrom Nov. 2013 to July 2014, 7 cases of glomus tumor were treated in our department. All patients had typical clinical symptoms of glomus tumor and received preoperative X-ray and/or MRI examination. The diagnosis was confirmed by postoperative histopathologic examination. All the patients were retrospectively analyzed by reviewing the preoperative examination results and PubMed search results.

RESULTS2 cases underwent only X-ray examination before operation with no positive results. 3 cases underwent both X-ray and MRI. No positive finding happened in X-ray, while MRI showed glomus tumor characteristic on T1- and T2-weighted images which demonstreated a more intense signal after injection of gadolinium. The last 2 cases underwent only MRI examination, which revealed positive images of glomus tumor.

CONCLUSIONSMRI plays an important role in diagnosis of glomus tumor and should be adopted as a routine examination.

Objective To evaluate the value of united nerve electrophysiological tests in the diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DNP).Methods The quantitative temperature threshold (QTT), including the cold sensation threshold (CST) , thermal sensation threshold (WST), cold pain threshold (CPT) and thermal pain threshold (HPT), sympathetic skin response (SSR) and nerve conduction velocity (NCV) were measured for 85 diabetic patients.Results The abnormal rate of QTT was 84.71％ , significantly higher than that of SSR and NCV (56.47％ and 31.76％ respectively).However, no significant difference was found in the abnormal rate of QTT between the DPN asymptomatic group and DPN symptomatic group (78.85％ and 93.94％ respectively).There was significant difference in the abnormal rate of SSR (48.08％ and 69.70％ respectively) and the abnormal rate of NCV (19.23％ and 51.52％ respectively) between the above two groups(P ＜ 0.05).There was no difference in the abnormal rate of QTT for patients with short or long course of disease (77.77％ and 89.80％ respectively), but significant difference in the abnormal rate of SSR (44.44％ and 65.31％ respectively) and the abnormal rate of NCV (19.44％ and 40.82％ respectively) Conclusion The abnormal rate of QTT was highest in detecting the diabetic patients, and it is not related to clinical symptoms or disease course.However, the abnormal rates of SSR and NCV were related to clinical symptoms and course.It is more sensitive to diagnose DPN using united electrophysiological tests of QTT, SSR and NCV.

Objective To evaluate the clinical application of partial splenic embolization in the treatment o hypersplenism caused by schistosomiasis. Methods Twenty four patients with hypersplenism caused by schistosomiasis were treated with peripheral partly splenic embolization with gelf.oam. The counts of white blood cell(WBC) and platelet (PLT) were compared between pre-and post-splenic embolization. Results The extent of splenic embolization were 50% - 75%(mean 59.24%) with post-therapeutic follow-up of 6 months ~ 2 years, showing significant increase of WBC count with preoperative, peak and the latest follow-up counts as (2.15?0.67)?109/L, (12.36?3.24)?109/L and (5.65?1.38)?109/L respectively(t = 11.08, P

Objective To elucidate the effects of different modes of partial parenteral nutrition (PPN)on immunological function of T-lymphocyte in non small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)patients during chemotherapy.Methods Ninety-three patients with non-small cell lung cancer were randomly divided into three groups:the control group(30 patients),the low dose of PPN(32 patients) and the high dose of NNP(31 patients).Exactly the same chemotherapy was applied to each of three groups.During chemotherapy,three groups were supplied the same diet,the control group received conventional treatment;the low dose group and the high dose group received additional parenteral nutritional support besides diet.The low dose group was given 250 ml 9-AA daily and the high dose group was given 500 ml 9-AA daily.The T lymphocyte subsets CD3~+,CD3~++CD4~+ ,CD3~++CD8~+ and cells were detected respectively before and after chemotherapy.Results In all of the three groups,the percentage of NK cells,CD3~+ and CD3~++CD4~+ cells were decreased significantly before and after chemotherapy(all P＜0.05),In the control and low dose groups,NK cells changed more significantly after chemotherapy(P＜0.01).The percentages of CD3~+,CD3~++CD4~+,CD3~++ CD4~+/CD3~++CD8~+ of the low dose group and high dose group were higher than those of the control group before and after chemotherapy(all P＜0.05),the percentage of CD3~++CD8~+,CD3~++CD4~+/ CD3~++CD8~+ of the low dose group and hight dose group did not change notably(all P＞0.05). Conclusions The chemotherapy on patients with NSCLC will possibly cause malnutrition and immunosuppression.The benefits of giving 9-AA to NSCLC patients who were applying PPN and undergoing chemotherapy may include antagonizing immunological function aggravation,improving nutrition status and improving immunological functions of the T lymphocytes during chemotherapy.

To investigate the gene expression changes in the degenerated cervical intervertebral discs of rats, and to study the function of Yiqi Huayu Bushen Recipe, a compound Chinese herbal medicine, and its discomposed formulas in regulating gene expressions in the degenerated cervical intervertebral discs.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of Yiqi Huayu Recipe and its decomposed formulas-medicated sera on expressions of bcl-2, Bax and caspase-8 of apoptotic anulus fibrosus cells in rats. METHODS: Immunohistochemical and integral optical density analytic methods were used to observe the effects of Yiqi Huayu Recipe-, Yiqi Recipe-, Huayu Recipe-medicated sera and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) on the expressions of bcl-2, Bax and caspase-8 of apoptotic anulus fibrosus cells in rats induced by anti-Fas antibody. RESULTS: As compared with apoptosis group, bcl-2 expression was higher, Bax and caspase-8 expressions were lower in Yiqi Huayu-treated, Yiqi-treated, Huayu-treated and IGF-1 groups (P<0.01). As compared with Yiqi-treated group and Huayu-treated group, Bax expression was lower in Yiqi Huayu-treated group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Yiqi Huayu Recipe and its decomposed formulas can delay degeneration of the cervical intervertebral disc, which may be due to its action in regulating the expressions of bcl-2, Bax and caspase-8.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of Yiqi Huayu Recipe on the gene expression pattern in normal and apoptotic chondrocytes in the cervical intervertebral disc of rats. METHODS: The intervertebral disc endplates of rats were digested enzymatically. The apoptosis of the chondrocytes was induced by anti-Fas antibody. BiostarR-40s microarray chips were used to investigate the gene expression pattern in chondrocytes in the normal control, apoptosis and Yiqi Huayu Recipe groups. The results were scanned with Scan Array 4000 and analyzed with GenePix Pro 3.0, and then subjected to standardization and ratio analysis. RESULTS: In the apoptosis group, 30 kinds of genes expressed in cervical intervertebral disc chondrocytes were screened out, in which 10 were up-regulated (ratio>2) and 20 down-regulated (ratio<0.5) as compared with the normal control group. On the other hand, in the Yiqi Huayu Recipe group, 97 kinds of genes expressed in cervical intervertebral disc chondrocytes were screened out, in which 44 were up-regulated (ratio>2) and 53 down-regulated (ratio<0.5) as compared with the apoptosis group. CONCLUSION: There are some signal transduction pathways that control the apoptosis of the intervertebral disc chondrocytes. Yiqi Huayu Recipe regulates the gene express of the apoptotic chondrocytes in intervertebral disc. The study gives a further understanding to the mechanism of the cervical spondylosis and enriches the theories of qi and blood of traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective To discuss the technique of Neuroform stent-assisted coil embolization for the treatment of intracranial wide-necked aneurysms and to evaluate its clinical efficacy and complications.Methods Neuroform stent-assisted technique was used for coil embolization treatment in 31 patients with intracranial wide-necked aneurysms, all aneurysms were ruptured and the patients suffered from subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Of the total 43 aneurysms, 39 were wide-necked and 4 were narrow-necked. Results Thirty-five stents were inserted in 31 patients. The stents were implanted in both internal carotid arteries in 3 patients and in both middle cerebral arteries in one patient, Intra-arterial embolization with coils was successfully performed in 41 of 43 aneurysms. Intraoperative hemorrhage occurred in 2 patients, which probably resulted from the rupture of middle cerebral artery branch due to microwire damage. The cerebral isehemic symptom happened in 1 patient with posterior communicating artery aneurysm due to the shifting of the coil from the original site to M2 segment of middle cerebral artery. During a follow-up period of 24.7 months in average, neither death nor recurrent hemorrhage occurred in 29 cases. Twenty-eight patients were in good living condition and the remaining one patient showed obvious disturbance of neural function.Conclusion For the treatment of intracranial wide-necked aneurysms, intra-arterial coil embolization with Neuroform stent-assisted technique is a safe and effective clinical therapy. It can effectively broaden the extent of indications in treating intracranial aneurysms by using interventional technique.