Apoptosis ; Brain Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Cell Proliferation ; Genes, Retinoblastoma ; genetics ; Genes, erbB-1 ; genetics ; Genes, p53 ; genetics ; Glioma ; genetics ; pathology ; Humans ; Inhibitor of Growth Protein 1 ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; genetics ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins ; genetics ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; genetics

Objective To study the X-ray and CT findings of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia(PCP)in AIDS.Methods 18 cases with PCP in AIDS proved by clinic and pathologically were collected.HIV antibody was positive in all cases.Chest radigraphy and CT scan were taken in all cases.The imaging findings were analysed.Results The typical features of PCP on radiography and CT included unsymmetric diffuse mesh or reticulo-nodular changes,symmetric ground-glass opacification and many more even lobar consolidations which distributed in bilateral hilar regions and middle-lower lung fields.The atypical manifestations included cystic lesions,lobar consolidation,hilar and/or mediastinal adenopathy,pleural effusion,pneumothorax,atelectasis,mass and cavity-mass.Conclusion Plain chest film and CT scan are of important value in diagnosis of PCP.It is possible to diagnose PCP in patients with typical imaging manifestations positive HIV and in combination with clinical data.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for delayed graft function (DGF) recovery in the recipients of kidney transplantation after the operation. Methods The data of 209 recipients who received kidney transplantation during January 2005 to March 2007 were analyzed retrospectively. The DGF group comprised of 47 cases. 162 cases without DGF constituted the control group. Chi-square analysis method was employed to look for the risk factors of DGF, including warm ischemia time ≥10min, hypovolaemia in the recipient, acute tubular necrosis (ATN), nephrotoxicity of calmodulin inhibitors, acute rejection (AR), 12h ≤ cold ischemia time ≤ 24h, sex, age ≥ 50, the modus of dialysis, the number of times of transplantation, human leucocyte antigen (HLA) zygosity, urinary fistula or obstruction of ureter during early period after operation, blood-transfusion before transplantation and hepatitis virus infection. Then Logistic regression analysis was used to assess and rank the relative risk of potential variables. Results The incidence of DGF was 22.5%(47/209). All patients recovered within 20.8?10.3 days except 2 cases due to AR and 1 case due to graft phlebothrombosis. The relative risk factors include AR, ATN, nephrotoxicity of calmodulin inhibitors, recipient hypovolaemia and warm ischaemia time ≥ 10min. Conclusion The ranking of risk factors is as following, ATN, nephrotoxicity of calmodulin inhibitors, recipient hypovolaemia, AR and warm ischaemia time ≥ 10min, according to decrement of the coefficient correlation. It is very important to comprehend the risk factors thoroughly in order to prevent them effectively.

Objective To analyze the clinical data of living related donor kidney transplantation,and to evaluate the related problems including the donor selection and safety,the surgical approach of living donor nephrectomy,preoperative intervention,and the relation of type matching with transplantation result.Methods Data of 30 cases of living donor kidney transplantation during 07/2002 to 07/2007 were studied retrospectively.29 cases were primary transplantation and only in one patient the transplantation was repeated,2 patients secured their transplants from the spouse,while in 28 cases transplants were donated by relatives.The blood type of all the patients was identical with an exception in 2 cases,in whom the blood type was compatible.The HLA matching results were:1 case with no-mismatch,3 cases with 4-loci mismatch,13 cases with 2-loci mismatch and 13 cases with 1-locus mismatch.The kidney was obtained with open nephrectomy in 21 cases,and in 9 donors the was harvested laparoscopically.In the 30 cases,one right kidney was donated,and the left kidneys were donated in other 29 cases.Triple-combined immunosuppressive protocols consisted of calcineurin inhibitors(CNI),MMF/Aza and steroid.Results Except in one case the allograft was removed for hyperacute rejection,and in one recipient who was again retransplanted with a cadaveric kidney due to dysfunction of transplanted kidney,28 recipients recovered smoothly in 6.3?8.0 days.In 4 cases infection with cytomegalovirus after the surgery occurred,but recovered after anti-virus treatment with ganciclovir.One patient suffered from urinary leakage,and recovered after adequate drainage,nutritional support and infection prevention.Two patients suffered from acute rejection in the first month after transplantation and reversed after hormone stosstheraphy.All donors recovered.The renal function also recovered.Conclusion Both the strict selection of donor and the overall preoperative evaluation of the donor and recipient are critical for the success of transplantation.Living relative donor kidney transplantation is worth of popalarizing,as it has preferable HLA match,short waiting time and renal ischemia time,and the source of donor kidney is expanded.

A case of traumatic delayed meningo-encephalocele suffered orbital fracture, but bony defects in frontal sinus had not been found on CT scanning. We treated the patient with surgery of intranasal endoscopy and repaired the skull base defect successfully during the first attempt. There was no recurrence in 10 months followed up. The leak site may not correlate with imaging in traumatic delayed meningo-encephalocele by comparing operative findings with the imaging estimate and endoscopy. Therefore, endoscopical approaching is effective in seeking and treatment.
Encephalocele ; complications ; Endoscopy ; Exophthalmos ; etiology ; Frontal Sinus ; pathology ; Humans ; Orbital Fractures ; pathology ; Recurrence ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

ObjectiveTo compare the clinical effectiveness and adverse effects following low doses versus traditional doses of amphotericin B liposome (L-AmB) in the treatment of patients with invasive pulmonary fungal infections (IPFI) after renal transplantation.MethodsA total of 26 postrenal transplantation patients with IPFI between Jan. 2005 and Mar. 2011in Zhujiang hospital received L-AmB treatment identified low doses group (0.2-0.5 mg·kg-1·d-1,n =19) or traditional doses group (1-5 mg· kg-1,d-1,n =7) were reviewed.ResultsThe treatment duration in low doses group and traditional doses group was 20.3 +12.7 and19.3 ±13.2 days respectively (P＞0.05).The effective rate in low doses group and traditional doses group was 84.2％ and 57.1％ respectively (P＞0.05).The overall dosage was significantly less in the low doses group (414.7 ± 241.7 mg) than in the traditional doses group (1158.8 ± 928.0 mg) (P＜0.05).The incidence of adverse effect was significantly lower in the low doses group than in the traditional doses group (21.1％ vs.85.7％,P＜0.05).ConclusionThe effectiveness of low doses of L-AmB protocol in the treatment of IPFI postrenal transplantation patients was similar to that of traditional doses of L-AmB protocol,but the incidence of adverse effects in low doses of L-AmB protocol was significantly lower.

Adult ; Efficiency ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Psychometrics ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective To investigate the effect and underlying mechanisms of ghrelin in a rat model of renal fibrosis. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups , including sham operation +saline or brain gut peptide treatment group , model + saline or brain gut peptide treatment group. Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) was established by left ureteral ligation. 7 days and 14 days after operation, the rats were sacrificed , while the kidney tissue of obstruction side was harvested for pathlogical changes through Masson coloration. Expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-β1) and phosphorylated Smad3 (p-Smad3) in renal tissues were analyzed through immunohistochemistry. Expression of α-SMA and TGF-β1 mRNA was detected by real-time-PCR. Apoptosis kidneys cells were marked with TUNEL. Results Ghrelin inhibited renal fibrosis by reducing the production of collagen , restraining extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and decreasing the expression of α-SMA. Meanwhile, ghrelin inhibited the accumulation of myofibroblasts by blocking the transforming growth factor-β1/Smad3 (TGF-β1/Smad3) signaling pathway. Moreover, ghrelin could attenuate renal tubular cell apoptosis induced by UUO injury. Conclusion Ghrelin can reduce renal fibrosis and renal cell apoptosis induced by UUO , demonstrating that ghrelin is a potent antifibrotic agent that may have therapeutic potential for patients with obstructive nephropathy.

0.05]. Conclusion: Cigarettes smoking may increase the levels of sera IL-8 in rats,and it can been depressed by glycyrrhiza uralensis and glucocorticoid respectively,however glycyrrhiza uralensis show significantly faster and were powerful action than glucocorticoid.

Objective Motility is an important physiological characteristic of a mature sperm.Nerve growth factor(NGF) is a protein essential for the development,maintenance and survival of the peripheral and central nervous systems.NGF and its receptors TrkA and p75 are widely expressed in the testis,accessory reproductive organ,and the epididymal sperms.In the present study,we investigated the role of NGF on human sperm motility.Methods Use 0.1,1 and 10 μmol/L concentrations of NGF,on sperm motility study to investigate the optimal concentration.Use CASA to detect Sperm motility changes every 10 minutes in an hour after 10 μmol/L NGF was added to the semen.Results The parameters of sperm motility increased after NGF incubation had significant difference, in particular,VAP,VSL,VCL,BCF and LIN mean were significantly increased more than 32%.MAD,STR,ALH and WOB mean had no notable difference.Furthermore,NGF promotes the sperm motility in a time- and dose- dependent manner.In addition,the enhancement of NGF on sperm motility was more stronger than those of sperm culture medium.Conclusion Our findings suggest that NGF plays a promoted role in human sperm motility.