Objective To study the X-ray and CT findings of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia(PCP)in AIDS.Methods 18 cases with PCP in AIDS proved by clinic and pathologically were collected.HIV antibody was positive in all cases.Chest radigraphy and CT scan were taken in all cases.The imaging findings were analysed.Results The typical features of PCP on radiography and CT included unsymmetric diffuse mesh or reticulo-nodular changes,symmetric ground-glass opacification and many more even lobar consolidations which distributed in bilateral hilar regions and middle-lower lung fields.The atypical manifestations included cystic lesions,lobar consolidation,hilar and/or mediastinal adenopathy,pleural effusion,pneumothorax,atelectasis,mass and cavity-mass.Conclusion Plain chest film and CT scan are of important value in diagnosis of PCP.It is possible to diagnose PCP in patients with typical imaging manifestations positive HIV and in combination with clinical data.

Apoptosis ; Brain Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Cell Proliferation ; Genes, Retinoblastoma ; genetics ; Genes, erbB-1 ; genetics ; Genes, p53 ; genetics ; Glioma ; genetics ; pathology ; Humans ; Inhibitor of Growth Protein 1 ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; genetics ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins ; genetics ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; genetics

Objective To investigate the risk factors for delayed graft function (DGF) recovery in the recipients of kidney transplantation after the operation. Methods The data of 209 recipients who received kidney transplantation during January 2005 to March 2007 were analyzed retrospectively. The DGF group comprised of 47 cases. 162 cases without DGF constituted the control group. Chi-square analysis method was employed to look for the risk factors of DGF, including warm ischemia time ≥10min, hypovolaemia in the recipient, acute tubular necrosis (ATN), nephrotoxicity of calmodulin inhibitors, acute rejection (AR), 12h ≤ cold ischemia time ≤ 24h, sex, age ≥ 50, the modus of dialysis, the number of times of transplantation, human leucocyte antigen (HLA) zygosity, urinary fistula or obstruction of ureter during early period after operation, blood-transfusion before transplantation and hepatitis virus infection. Then Logistic regression analysis was used to assess and rank the relative risk of potential variables. Results The incidence of DGF was 22.5%(47/209). All patients recovered within 20.8?10.3 days except 2 cases due to AR and 1 case due to graft phlebothrombosis. The relative risk factors include AR, ATN, nephrotoxicity of calmodulin inhibitors, recipient hypovolaemia and warm ischaemia time ≥ 10min. Conclusion The ranking of risk factors is as following, ATN, nephrotoxicity of calmodulin inhibitors, recipient hypovolaemia, AR and warm ischaemia time ≥ 10min, according to decrement of the coefficient correlation. It is very important to comprehend the risk factors thoroughly in order to prevent them effectively.

Objective To analyze the clinical data of living related donor kidney transplantation,and to evaluate the related problems including the donor selection and safety,the surgical approach of living donor nephrectomy,preoperative intervention,and the relation of type matching with transplantation result.Methods Data of 30 cases of living donor kidney transplantation during 07/2002 to 07/2007 were studied retrospectively.29 cases were primary transplantation and only in one patient the transplantation was repeated,2 patients secured their transplants from the spouse,while in 28 cases transplants were donated by relatives.The blood type of all the patients was identical with an exception in 2 cases,in whom the blood type was compatible.The HLA matching results were:1 case with no-mismatch,3 cases with 4-loci mismatch,13 cases with 2-loci mismatch and 13 cases with 1-locus mismatch.The kidney was obtained with open nephrectomy in 21 cases,and in 9 donors the was harvested laparoscopically.In the 30 cases,one right kidney was donated,and the left kidneys were donated in other 29 cases.Triple-combined immunosuppressive protocols consisted of calcineurin inhibitors(CNI),MMF/Aza and steroid.Results Except in one case the allograft was removed for hyperacute rejection,and in one recipient who was again retransplanted with a cadaveric kidney due to dysfunction of transplanted kidney,28 recipients recovered smoothly in 6.3?8.0 days.In 4 cases infection with cytomegalovirus after the surgery occurred,but recovered after anti-virus treatment with ganciclovir.One patient suffered from urinary leakage,and recovered after adequate drainage,nutritional support and infection prevention.Two patients suffered from acute rejection in the first month after transplantation and reversed after hormone stosstheraphy.All donors recovered.The renal function also recovered.Conclusion Both the strict selection of donor and the overall preoperative evaluation of the donor and recipient are critical for the success of transplantation.Living relative donor kidney transplantation is worth of popalarizing,as it has preferable HLA match,short waiting time and renal ischemia time,and the source of donor kidney is expanded.

A case of traumatic delayed meningo-encephalocele suffered orbital fracture, but bony defects in frontal sinus had not been found on CT scanning. We treated the patient with surgery of intranasal endoscopy and repaired the skull base defect successfully during the first attempt. There was no recurrence in 10 months followed up. The leak site may not correlate with imaging in traumatic delayed meningo-encephalocele by comparing operative findings with the imaging estimate and endoscopy. Therefore, endoscopical approaching is effective in seeking and treatment.
Encephalocele ; complications ; Endoscopy ; Exophthalmos ; etiology ; Frontal Sinus ; pathology ; Humans ; Orbital Fractures ; pathology ; Recurrence ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

0.05]. Conclusion: Cigarettes smoking may increase the levels of sera IL-8 in rats,and it can been depressed by glycyrrhiza uralensis and glucocorticoid respectively,however glycyrrhiza uralensis show significantly faster and were powerful action than glucocorticoid.

Objective To discuss the CT characteristics of AIDS's brain common disease,so that to improve the diagnostic level.Methods CT features of brain lesions in 25 patients with AIDS were retrospectively analyzed.Results Acute HIV encephalitis(n=6),CT features included low density at the basis festival area and the ventriculi laterals,no enhancement on contrast-enhanced scan in 1 case.Subacute HIV brain illness(n=5),CT images showed different degree of atrophy.Toxoplasmosis(n=4),CT images showed iso-dense tubercles with edema in the deep part of brain white matter or iso-dense circle at the edema area.Cytomegalovirus encephalitis(n=3),CT images showed symmetrical low density at bilateral cerebral occipital lobe,internal capsule and thalamus.Progressive multifocal leukoencepathy(n=3),CT showed multiple low density at the inferior surface of brain cortex,the gyri close of focus was clearer,and far of tapetum room system.Mixed infectious(n=4),mixed CT characteristics.Conclusion CT is beneficial in the differential diagnosis of brain disease in AIDS.

Objective To investigate the relationship between proteinuria components and the severity of pregnancy induced hypertension syndrome (PIH), the unconcentrated urine samples from patients with PIH were analyzed on proteinuria components by electrophoresis.Methods Proteinuria components were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-agarose gel electrophoresis (SDS-AGE) in unconcentrated urine samples from PIH patients (PIH group,n=114) and normal third trimester pregnant women (control group,n=110).Results Eleven kinds of urinary protein were detected in the PIH group and four in the control group. The results showed positive relationship between the urine protein component complexity and the severity of PIH (P

Aim Targeted drug delivery in the brain is the necessary way for the treatment of brain diseases. In our study, a new peptide derived from the rabies vi-rus glycoprotein ( RVG-derived peptide, RDP ) was used as a targeted carrier to modify the curcumin stealth liposomes, and their characteristics and brain targeting effect were studied. Methods The curcumin liposomes were prepared by thin film dispersion. The release test in vitro was conducted to investigate their drug release. Curcumin distribution in several organs of mice was investigated by caudal vein injection of curcumin suspension liquid ( CUR ) , curcumin lipo-somes ( CUR-L) , RDP modified curcumin stealth lipo-somes ( RDP-CUR-L) via HPLC assay at different time points. Results The prepared stealth nano liposomes had a size of around 100 nm, and also had a good dis-persion and reproducibility. The entrapment efficiency was larger than 85%. After caudal vein injection of CUR, CUR-L and RDP-CUR-L in mice respectively, no curcumin was detected in brain of CUR group, and only a little was detected in CUR-L group. Neverthe-less, high concentration of curcumin was detected in RDP-CUR-L group. Conclusion RDP can deliver li-posome into the brain, which may provide a new meth-od for the treatment of brain diseases.

ObjectiveTo compare the clinical effectiveness and adverse effects following low doses versus traditional doses of amphotericin B liposome (L-AmB) in the treatment of patients with invasive pulmonary fungal infections (IPFI) after renal transplantation.MethodsA total of 26 postrenal transplantation patients with IPFI between Jan. 2005 and Mar. 2011in Zhujiang hospital received L-AmB treatment identified low doses group (0.2-0.5 mg·kg-1·d-1,n =19) or traditional doses group (1-5 mg· kg-1,d-1,n =7) were reviewed.ResultsThe treatment duration in low doses group and traditional doses group was 20.3 +12.7 and19.3 ±13.2 days respectively (P＞0.05).The effective rate in low doses group and traditional doses group was 84.2％ and 57.1％ respectively (P＞0.05).The overall dosage was significantly less in the low doses group (414.7 ± 241.7 mg) than in the traditional doses group (1158.8 ± 928.0 mg) (P＜0.05).The incidence of adverse effect was significantly lower in the low doses group than in the traditional doses group (21.1％ vs.85.7％,P＜0.05).ConclusionThe effectiveness of low doses of L-AmB protocol in the treatment of IPFI postrenal transplantation patients was similar to that of traditional doses of L-AmB protocol,but the incidence of adverse effects in low doses of L-AmB protocol was significantly lower.