Proteomics was be widely used in different kinds of diseases recently.The role of proteomics has also expanded from comparative proteomic research to the analysis of function of proteins and interaction of proteins.Our article summarized specially that the role of proteomics may play in the discovery of hepatocellular carcinoma biomarker in the recent years.

Objective To identify the significance of neuropsychological single-item scales in the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods A total of 676 elderly people living around Dongzhimen district in Beijing were recruited using multistage sampling method.Cognitive function was assessed by minimum mental state examination (MMSE)and other scales.MCI was diagnosed based on the criteria proposed by Petersen (1999),and AD was diagnosed based on the NINCDS-ADRDA.Subjects were divided into normal cognitive group (n=213 cases,31.5％),Alzheimer's disease (AD) group (n=167 cases,24.7％),amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) group (n=186 cases,27.5 ％) and non-AD dementia group (110 cases,16.3 ％).Results The MMSE scores in AD,aMCI and normal groups were 23.0 ± 5.9,25.9±2.6,8.1 ± 1.7,respectively.There were significant differences in MMSE scores between AD,aMCI and NC groups separately (all P＜0.01).Compared with MCI and NC group,th scores of time orientation,attention,calculation and immediate recall and delayed recall were significantly decreased in AD group (all P＜0.01).Comparing with normal group,the scores of attention and calculation were reduced in aMCI group (both P＜0.01).The delayed story recall (DSR) scores in AD,aMCI and NC groups were 15.7 ± 11.7,7.6 ± 4.9,26.5 ± 9.3,respectively.There were significant differences in mean DSR scores between AD,aMCI and NC groups separately (all P＜0.01).Compared with normal group,the clinical dementia rating (CDR) scores were higher and the mean clock drawing task (CDT)scores were lower in AD and aMCI groups (both P＜0.01).Conclusions Both neuropsychological assessment tools such as MMSE and single-item scales such as delayed story recall have the certain significance in the diagnosis of MCI and AD.

BACKGROUND: Some studies suggest that pre-injection of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)can protect focal cerebral ischemia in mice. Cerebral ischemia tolerance is related to the increase of TNF-α level; on the other hand, TNF-α is an injurious cytokine associated with stroke. Circulating antibody against anti-TNF-α can protect reperfused injury.OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of TNF-α pretreatment and post-treatment on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and explore possible mechanism.DESIGN: Randomized controlled study.SETTING: Neurological Department, the Second Hospital Affiliated to Harbin Medical University.MATERIALS: The experiment was conducted at the Animal Experiment Center of Harbin Medical University from January to April 2002. Totally 120 healthy adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the following 8 groups: TNF-α 0.05 μg, 0.5 μg and 1.0 μg pretreatment groups and PBS group, TNF-α 0.05 μg, 0.5 μg and 1.0 μg post-treatment groups and PBS group with 15 in each group.METHODS: The focal brain ischemia model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was made using inserting thread method. TNF-α of different doses (0.05 μg, 0.5 μg or 1.0 μg) or PBS was injected intracisternally and 22-hour reperfusion, 8 rats from each group were killed. Then the perhour reperfusion, 7 rats from each group were killed. Then pathological changes were observed, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression were inspected by immunohistochemical method. Histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation was made with the computer-assisted image analyzing system,and the number of GFAP positive cells and ICAM-1 positive vessels in each hemisphere was counted.riliary acidic protein and ICAM-1.infarct volume: TNF-α 0.5 μg and TNF-α 1.0 μg pretreatment groups showed reduced volume of lesion; infarct volume reduced by 70.9% in TNF-α 0.5 μg pretreatment rats and 66.5% in TNF-α 1.0 μg pretreatment rats. TNF-α 0.5 μg and TNF-α 1.0 μg post-treatment groups showed increased volume of lesion; infarct volume increased by 22.3% in TNF-α 0.5 μg post-treatment rats and 46.7% in TNF-α 1.0 μg post-treatment rats.TNF-α 0.05 μg and 1.0 μg pretreatment groups did not differ significantly (P ＞ 0.05), but there was an obvious difference between TNF-α 0.5 μg and pared with PBS pretreatment group, TNF-α 0.5 μg and 1.0 μg pretreatment groups showed lessened tissue damage and edema. Compared with PBS post-treatment group, TNF-α 0.5 μg and TNF-α 1.0 μg post-treatment fibriliary acidic protein and ICAM-1: TNF-α 0.5 μg and TNF-α 1.0 μg pretreatment groups showed reduced volume of glial fibriliary acidic protein and ICAM-1 (P ＜ 0.05); but TNF-α 0.5 μg and TNF-α 1.0 μg posttreatment groups showed increased volume of glial fibriliary acidic protein and ICAM-1 (P ＜ 0.05). TNF-α 0.05 μg and 1.0 μg pretreatment groups did not differ significantly (P ＞ 0.05); but there was an obvious difference between TNF-α 0.5 μg and 1.0 μg post-treatment groups (P ＜ 0.05).cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury. This effect is not related to the repair given after cerebral ischemia reperfusion, ischemia exacerbates, which is α are determined by whether TNF-αis given before or after cerebral ischemia in a dose-dependent manner.

Objective To determine the prevalence of female urinary incontinence among Chinese people in different areas. Methods A sampling survey of urinary incontinence was conducted on 668 female adults in a Beijing community,the Uygur region and a residential district inside the First Hospital of Peking University with questionnaire. Results The prevalence of female urinary incontinence was 46.5%(94/202) in the Beijing community,43.8%(134/306) in the Uygur Region and 40.6%(58/143) in the residential district inside the First Hospital of Peking University.The ratios of those who consulted with doctors to the separate surveyed population were 24.5%(23/94),29.1%(39/134),13.8%(8/58),respectively. Conclusions The prevalence of female urinary incontinence is similar in different population.Only a few of these women went to doctors,especially among the hospital staff and workers.

Objective To analyze the genetic quality and to determine the strain of laboratory mice. Methods Ten strains of mice were analyzed by using AFLP method. Results Polymorphism was detected in 10 strains of mice by 17 single enzyme primers and 20 pairs of double enzyme primers amplification. A total of 251 bands were shown by single enzyme AFLP in agarose gel with the size of the bands ranging from 100 bp to 2 000 bp and 89 polymorphic loci were detected. A total of 1507 clear bands between 50 bp and 600 bp were shown by double enzyme AFLP and 378 polymorphic loci were detected. Through statistical analysis, we calculated the similar index and genetic distance index. Our results showed BALB/c and BALB/c nu had the closest relationship and KM had a closer relationship with TA2, BALB/c and BALB/c nu, while DBA/2 showed a distant relationship with T739, 615 and C57BL/6J, coinciding with the origins of breeds. Conclusion Each strain could be distinguished from others by using the AFLP polymorphic primers, which provides reference data for genetic quality analysis and strain determination of mice.

Object To explore the beneficial effect of phytoecdysone (EDS) on myocardial infarction and its mechanism of action Methods Rat myocardial infarction model was prepared by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery, and EDS was injected ip for seven consecutive days Serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, infarct size(IS), coronary blood flow, capillary vessel density and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression were determined Results 0 5, 5, and 50 mg/kg of phytoecdysone were able to effect the activities of serum CPK, GOT, LDH in a dose depending manner with an optimal effect for improving cardiac zymogram at the dose of 5 mg/kg ip At this dosage EDS can markedly reduce IS, increase coronary blood flow, capillary vessel density and the expression of VEGF Conclusion ESD can alleviate myocardial infarction symptoms The mechanism of such beneficial effect may due to its ability to promote VEGF expression regeneration of capillary vessels and increase coronary blood flow

Objective To evaluate the influence of duration of laser irradiation on histomorphometric meas- urements in experimentally tenotomized and repaired rabbit Achilles tendons and to explore the best irradiation time. Methods A total of 20 male New Zealand rabbits aged 10-12 weeks were used and randomly divided into 4 groups:a control group and three experimental groups.All the animals underwent surgical excised and then repair of their Achillis tendon.The animals in the control group were then treated with sham laser irradiation,while those in the three experimental groups were treated with 10,20 and 30 minutes of He-Ne laser irradiation(632.8 nm, 18.9 mW)daily,respectively,for 14 days.On the 28th day after surgical operation,the animals were sacrificed and their Achilles tendons were sampled.HE stain and Van Geison stain were used to observe morphometric changes of tendons.The SDS-PAGE electrophoresis method and CS-930 photodensity scan instrument were employed to measure the content of typesⅠandⅢcollagen.Results it was shown that laser irradiation enhanced cell proliferation,cel- lular content,granulation tissue formation and collagen deposition in laser-treated tendons,especially in those irradia- ted for 20 minute daily,as compared to the control group.TypeⅠand typeⅢcollagen levels were significantly in- creased at the 28th day in the healing tendons and the ratio of collagenⅢtoⅠincreased in all the 3 experimental groups,and the increase of both collagen content and ratio of collagen typeⅢtoⅠwas significantly greater in those ir- radiated 20 minutes daily(P

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations and mortality related risk factors in patients with acute superior mesenteric artery embolism (ASMAE).Methods Clinical data of forty-three confirmed ASMAE patients in the PLA General Hospital from June 2002 to June 2012 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients were classified into the survival group (28 cases) and the death group (15 cases)according to the prognosis.The prognosis associated factors were further analyzed.Results The study group consisted of 31 men (72.1％)and 12 women (27.9％),with average age of (63 ± 11) years.The majority patients with ASMAE in our study had history of atherosclerotic diseases.The main clinical manifestationsincluded abdominal pain [100％ (43/43)],nausea and vomitting [55.8％ (24/43)],hematochezia [32.6％ (14/43)].Abdominal CT scan was performed in 74.4％ (32/43) patients with a high positive result of 96.9％ (31/32).Weight loss occurred more frequently in survival group than in death group [32.1％ (9/28) vs 6.7％ (1/15),P =0.001].Moreover,weight loss has been shown as a protective factor for ASMAE survival (OR =0.75,P =0.038) by logistic analysis.Compared with the death group,the incidence of either peritoneal irritation sign or ascites was significantly lower in survival group [respectively 7.1％(2/28) vs 66.7％ (10/15),14.3％ (4/28) vs 73.3％ (11/15),P ＜0.05],which were two independent risk factors of mortality(OR =8.51,P =0.014 ; OR =3.07,P =0.028).The incidence of main artery embolism of superior mesentery artery (SMA) in death group was higher than that in survival group [93.3％ (14/15) vs 60.7％ (17/28),P =0.023].Main artery embolism of SMA was also an independent mortality risk factor of ASMAE patients (OR =5.05,P =0.039).A total of 18 patients were treated with enterectomy.Intestine excision length was shorter in survival group than in death group [(82.8 ± 25.2) cm vs (141.0 ± 18.1)cm,P =0.017].The time from onset to operation in survival group was shorter than that in death group [(44.8 ±29.7) h vs (69.1 ±28.0) h,P =0.013].Conclusions Patients with ASMAE based on chronic ischemia have a relative good prognosis for survival.Peritoneal irritation sign,ascites and main artery embolism of SMA were independent risk factors for death in ASMAE.Intestine excision length and the interval from onset to operation may affect the mortality of ASMAE patients.

Aim To evaluate the efficacy and safety of different routes for vinpocetine injection by intravenous or trans-angiographic catheter on cerebral vasospasm(CVS).Methods A total of 105 aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage(aSAH)patients with CVS following intracranial aneurysm embolization were chosen and randomly divided into group C, B and A, with 35 cases in each group.Patients in group C were treated with 3H therapeutic regimen, while those in group B and A were with 3H therapeutic regimen plus vinpocetine by intravenous injection or trans-angiographic catheter, respectively.The index including middle cerebral artery(MCA) blood flow velocity, National Institutes of Health stroke scale(NIHSS) score, Glasgow outcome scale(GOS) grading, clinical efficacy, hypotension rate and rehaemorrhagia rate were detected and compared among three groups.Results After the 7 d and 14 d treatment, the MCA blood flow velocity of group A and B was observed to be significantly lower than that of group C(P<0.05), and the MCA blood flow velocity of group A was significantly lower than that of group B(P<0.05).The NIHSS score of group A and B was significantly lower than that of group A(P<0.05), and the score of group A was significantly lower than that of group B(P<0.05) following 28 d treatment.Moreover,the clinical efficacy of group A and B was significantly higher than that of group C(P<0.05), and the clinical efficacy of group A was significantly higher than that of group B(P<0.05).After the 28 d treatment, the hypotension rate of group B was found to be significantly higher than that of group C and A(P<0.05), while there was no statistical difference(P>0.05) observed in the hypotension rate between group A and C.Also, there was no statistical difference(P>0.05)found in the rehaemorrhagia rate among three groups.However, the GOS grading of group A and B was significantly better than that of group C(P<0.05), and the grading of group A was significantly better than that of group B(P<0.05)after 3 months treatment.Conclusions Using vinpocetine by intravascular injection or by trans-angiographic catheter could be the efficient treatment for the CVS after intracranial aneurysm embolization, and vinpocetine injection by trans-angiographic catheter is the better mode of administration with the consideration of efficacy and safety.

Objective To investigate the incidence and related risk factors of female stress urinary incontinence(SUI) in a county of Chengdu. Methods The women were interviewed with questionnaires,which were designed to the modified standard of the Advisory Committee of Urinary Incontinence of Asia-pacific Region. Results The total number of the women investigated was 563,while the number of the valid questionnaires was 512,with the efficient rate 98.5%.Of these women,46.1%(236/512) had urinary incontinence,21.9%(112/512) had simplex SUI,4.7%(24/512) had simplex urgent urinary incontinence and 19.5%(100/512) had complex urinary incontinence.The incidence of SUI(simplex SUI plus complex urinary incontinence) was 41.4%(212/512).The incidence of SUI was associated with factors such as age,pregnancies,drinking and education level,and the severity was associated with age,body mass index and education level.Conclusion The incidence of SUI in this county of Chengdu is relatively higher.Heath education is very important for the female health.