Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is a main type of syndrome from mild cognitive impairment to dementia,which is caused by cerebrovascular risk factors (eg,hypertension, diabetes,hyperlipemia),obvious (cerebral infarction and hemorrhage) or unobvious cerebrovascular disease (leukoaraiosis and chronic cerebral ischemia).Its incidence is increasing,however,its pathogenesis remains uncertain,and effective therapeutic tools are lacking.Therefore,an increasing attention is being paid to all aspects of studies.This article mainly reviews the recent development in research of neuropsychology,imaging,electrophysiology,biology,and gene.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and outcome of resection and reconstruction of hepatic artery in hilar cholangiocacinoma (HCC).Methods The data of 29 patients with HCC with hepatic artery reconstruction carried out from March 2009 to August 2013 in our center were retrospectively analyzed.23 right hepatic arteries and 6 common hepatic arteries were involved.In-situ anastomosis was carried out in 20 patients and a double anastomosis using gastrodoudenal artery grafts was carried out in 9 patients.Results There were no arterial thrombosis or other related complications on prolonged follow-up.Conclusion Hepatic artery resection and reconstruction should be carried out if the artery was invaded by a hilar cholangiocarcinoma to produce a high resection rate and a better outcome.

Objective To explore the possible function and significance of pancreatic polypeptide during the healing process of experimental gastric ulcer in rat. Methods The immunohistochemical PAP method,morphometry and image analysis were applied to study the changes of the morphology,numerical density on area(N_A) and mean grey degree of islet PP cells during the healing process of experimental gastric ulcer in rats. Results Compared with normal control group(NCG) and saline control group(SCG),the N_A of PP cells markedly decreased,and the mean grey degree markedly increased(P

Objective To summarize the clinical experience of hepatic artery bypass reconstruction using gastroduodenal artery in radical resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma,and to provide assistance for surgeons applying artery reconstruction technique correctly in radical operation of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.Methods 9 cases of hilar cholangiocarcinoma with hepatic artery invasion wcrc subjected to radical resection combined with tumor invaded hepatic artery resection and reconstruction.Hepatic artery bypass reconstruction was performed by end-to end anastomosis,using the gastroduodenal artery interposition graft.The clinical data of these patients were reviewed retrospectively.Results All tumors of these cases with hilar cholangiocarcinoma were involved right hepatic artery,and the in volvement length was not less than 2 cm.The artery reconstruction was one-time successfully per formed in all cases.The median time required for anastomosis was (23.0±3.1) min.No postoperative complications,the dysfunction of gastrointestinal peristalsis or abnormal gastric drainage volume for example,related to the gastro-duodenal artery resection was observed.None of the patients devel oped any complications related to the arterial bypass reconstruction in the follow-up period,which was confirmed by abdominal CT scan.Conclusion Hepatic bypass reconstruction using gastro duodenal artery graft decreases the morbidity related to artery reconstruction and has little effect on gastrointes tinal function,which is the optimal choice for arterial reconstruction in radical operation for hilar cholangiocarcinoma.

Objective To-identify the factors associated with radiation-induced liver disease (RILD) and to describe the probability of RILD using the Lyman normal tissue complication(NTCP) model for primary liver carcinoma(PLC) treated with hypofractionated conformal therapy (CRT).Methods A total of 109 PLC patients treated with hypofractionated CRT were prospectively followed according to the Child-Pugh classification for liver cirrhosis,93 patients in class A and 16 in class B.The mean dose of radi- ation to the isocenter was (53.5?5.5) Gy,fractions of (4.8?0.5) Gy,with interfraction interval of 48 hours and irradiation 3 times per week.Maximal likelihood analysis yielded the best estimates of parameters of the Lyman NTCP model for all patients;Child-Pugh A and Child-Pugh B patients,respectively.Results Of all the patients,17 developed RILD (17/109),8 in Child-Pugh A(8/93 ) and 9 in Child-Pugh B(9/ 16).By multivariate analysis,only the Child-Pugh Grade of liver cirrhosis was the independent factor (P= 0.000) associated with the developing of RILD.The best estimates of the NTCP parameters for all 109 pa- tients were n=1.1,m=0.35 and TD_(50) (1)=38.5 Gy.The n,m,TD_(50) (1) estimated from patients with Child-Pugh A was 1.1,0.28,40.5 Gy,respectively,compared with 0.7,0.43,23 Gy respectively,for patients with Child-Pugh B.Conclusions Primary liver cancer patients who possess Child-Pugh B cirrho- sis would present a significantly greater susceptibility to RILD after hypofractionated CRT than patients with Child-Pugh A cirrhosis.The predominant risk factor for developing RILD is the severity of hepatic cirrhosis in the liver of PLC patients.

The paper is to report the establishment of a method of characteristic figure analysis for the quality control of Panacis Quinquefolii Radix. Application of HPLC-UV-ELSD techniques was connected in series and applied. The separation was carried out on the Agilent Extend-C18 (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 microm) column. The mobile phase consisted of water and acetonitrile with gradient elution. The flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1) and the wavelength of measurement was 203 nm. The temperature of drift tube was maintained at 106.5 degrees C and the flow rate of air was set at 2.9 L x min(-1). Twenty batches of the Panacis Quinquefolii Radix were determined. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied to study on the HPLC characteristic figure and chemical pattern recognition. The HPLC-UV and HPLC-ELSD characteristic figure of Panacis Quinquefolii Radix was developed, the ginsenosides Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rc, Rb2, Rb3, Rd and the pseudoginsenoside F11 were identified. This method is accurate and reliable, and it can be used to control the quality of the Panacis Quinquefolii Radix.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Cluster Analysis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Ginsenosides ; analysis ; Panax ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Principal Component Analysis ; Quality Control

Panax ginseng is the king of herbs and plays important roles in the traditional Chinese medicine industry. In this paper, we summarized the development of ginseng cultivation in China and other main countries, analyzed the effects of ecological factors of soil and climate on ginseng distribution, and investigated the characteristic of main cultivation patterns (conversion of forest to cultivate ginseng soils, cultivated ginseng in the farmland and wild nursery). Aimed at the serious issues in the cultivation, research strategies have been provided to guarantee the sustainable development of the ginseng industry. The patterns of cultivated ginseng in the farmland should be strive to develop; pollution-free cultivation and studies of continuous cropping obstacles should be carried out; ginseng varieties suited to ecological environment of farmland should be bred using modern biotechnology.
Agriculture ; methods ; China ; Climate ; Ecosystem ; Panax ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Soil ; chemistry

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Cerebral Cortex ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; metabolism ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; metabolism ; Progesterone ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To discuss the meanings and methods of the screening, diagnosis and treatment of the left subclavian artery stenosis before the coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods A total of 612 patients intend to perform coronary artery bypass grafting in Tianjin Thoracic Hospital,and who were with severe stenosis or occlusion with left subclavian artery were screened by non invasive arteriosclerosis before operation. The diagnosis was confirmed by computerized tomography angiography(CTA),then the stenting angioplasty to the left subclavian artery was performed.The off-pump bypass surgery with the left internal thoracic artery(LITA)-left anterior descending artery (LAD) bypass was performed one week after operation.Results The CTA and digital subtraction angiography(DSA)confirmed the results of the left subclavian stenosis according to the non-invasive artery testing.All the 5 patients were performed with the stenting angioplasty to the left subclavian artery successfully,and the residual stenosis rate was<10%.The clinical symptoms were markedly improved after operations in all symptomatic patients,and the systolic pressure difference was<20 mmHg in two upper extremities.The blood flow was enough in LITA during the LITA-LAD bypass.The angina pectoris was improved after the operation. No coronary-subclavian artery steal phenomenon occurred. Neither stroke, myocardial infraction nor death occurred during perioperative period.All the patients were followed up for a time of 6-12 months,and the average time was about 10 months.No posterior circulation,upper limbs or myocardial ischemia occurred,and the systolic pressure difference was<20 mmHg in two upper extremities.Conclusion The non-invasion testing is of unique value in the screening of the left subclavian artery stenosis.

Objective To investigate radiological features of patients with heroin spongiform leukoencephalopathy(HSLE)of different clinical stages and discuss the evolutional characteristics of the disease.Methods Thirty two patients with HSLE underwent precontrast MRI and postcontrast MRI.The history of addiction,clinical presentations,and brain MRI were analyzed and summarized according to the patient's clinical staging.There are 6 cases in Ⅰ stage,21 cases in Ⅱ stage,5 cases in Ⅲ stage.Results All patients had history of heroin vapor inhalation.Most of the cases developed subacute cerebellar impairment in earlier period.Brain MRI revealed symmetrical lesion within bilateral cerebellum in all patients.Splenium of the corpus callosum,posterior limb of the internal capsule,deep white matter of the occipital and parietal lobes,were gradually involved with progressive deterioration of HSLE.The brain stem and deep white matter of the frontal and temporal lobes were involved in some cases.Conclusions The history of heated heroin vapor inhalation was the prerequisite for the diagnosis of HSLE.Brain MRI presented the characteristic lesion and its evolution of HSLE.Brain MRI was very important for accurate diagnosis and helpful to judge the clinical stages according to the involved brain region.