Objective To observe the effects of seawater immersion at different temperatures on survival time and mortality and physiological state of non-anesthetized rats.Methods Totally 100 SD male rats(The abdominal cavity was implanted with a temperature sensor in advance)were randomly divided into five groups which were immersed in 20 ℃,17 ℃,15 ℃,13 ℃ and 10 ℃ seawater,respectively.Each group contains 20 rats.The changes of respiration,heart rate and muscle fibrillation within 2 hours were observed and the survival time and mortality of each group were counted in 24 hours.The decrease trend of intraperitoneal temperature in rats was analyzed retrospectively within 2 hours.Results Soaking for 10 minutes,the respiratory and heart rate of each group were significantly increased,but there was no significant difference among groups(P>0.05).The respiratory and heart rate decreased rapidly between 10 and 40 minutes,and the decline was slower relatively between 40 and 80 minutes.Soaking for 80 minutes,the respiration rate of rats among groups had significant difference(P<0.05).Immersing for 100 minutes,the heart rates of rats in each group were significantly different(P<0.05).Soaking for 20 minutes,the muscle fibrillation of 15 ℃,13 ℃ and 10 ℃ group reached the peak,and there were significant differences among groups(P<0.05),then disappeared.However the rats in 20 ℃ and 17 ℃ group reached the peak at 30 minutes,but there was no significant difference between two groups(P>0.05),hereafter the muscle fibrillation was maintained at a certain level.The mean survival time of 20 ℃ group,17 ℃ group,15 ℃ group,13 ℃ group and 10 ℃ group in 24 hours were(23.6±1.23)hours,(15.0±4.16)hours,(7.7±3.21)hours,(2.4±0.91)hours and (1.1±0.39)hours,respectively,and the survival curve of each group was statistically significant(P<0.05).The intraperitoneal temperature of rats showed a decline in the cliff,the lower the water temperature,the faster the descending.Soaking for 40 minutes,the difference of intraperitoneal temperature of each group was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The effects of seawater immersion at different temperatures on the physiological state and survival time and mortality of rats are significantly different.With the decrease of water temperature,the physiological state changes more obviously,the survival time is shorter and the mortality rate is higher.

Chloroplast genome sequences have comprehensive application prospects in DNA barcoding and chloroplast engineering in traditional Chinese medicine. The complete chloroplast genome of Magnolia officinalis sequenced by high-throughput pyrosequencing and a sequencing procedure was established. Fourteen contigs were obtained after de nove assembly. The sequencing percent of coverage was 99.99%. The chloroplast genome is 160 183 bp in size, and has a typical quadripartite structure with the large (LSC, 88 210 bp) and small copy (SSC, 18 843 bp) regions separated by two copies of an inverted repeat (IRs, 26 565 bp each). chloroplast genes were successfully annotated, of which 17 genes located in each IR region. The chloroplast genome features in Magnolia officinalis are nearly identical to those from other Magnoliid chloroplast genomes. Phylogenetic analyses were performed based on 81 shared coding-genes for a total of 9 Magnolia samples of 5 closely related species. Results showed that distinguishing among species was generally straightforward at the species and population level. This study confirmed the effectiveness of our chloroplast genome sequencing procedure. The chloroplast genome can provide distinguishing differences to help identify Magnolia officinalis and its closely related plants.
Base Sequence ; Chloroplasts ; genetics ; DNA, Chloroplast ; genetics ; Genes, Chloroplast ; Genes, Plant ; Genome, Chloroplast ; Genome, Plant ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Magnolia ; classification ; genetics ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

Objective To analyse our series patients' data to assess its efficacy and safety of donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) associated post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Methods Patients received HSCT from November 2006 to November 2009 and diagnosed as EBV associated PTLD by pathological or clinical methods were enrolled in this study. Lymphocyte was prepared by COBE collector.Related haplo-donors were the alternative if the original donors was unavailable. A range of mononuclear cell (MNC) dose of (0.5-1.0) × 108/kg was designed and the expected number of T lymphocyte included was at level of 107/kg. Cyclosporine (CsA) trough concentration was kept in a therapeutic level. Results Nine patients with PTLD received DLI 13 times, the median number of PBMC infused was 0.8 (0.16-1.03) ×108/kg, CD3+T cell number was 4.2 (1.6-5.7) × 107/kg. Seven patients received peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from original haplo-identical donors, with 7 response and 6 complete remission.Defervescence occurred after 2 ( 1-5 ) d, and adenopathy began to recover in 6 ( 1-14 ) d after the initial infusion of leukocytes. Graft versus host diseases (GVHD) occurred in 6 recipients out of 7 evaluable patients, and all were controlled successfully. Three patients survived for 38, 23 and 3 months after PTLD.Conclusion In this small series cases, infusion of controlled dose of lymphocyte from primary donor is an effective and safe therapy for EBV associated PTLD after mismatched/haploidentical HSCT while the optimal regimen needs to be further studied.

Objective:To analyze the expression of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in serum and vitamin D receptor (VDR) in descending duodenum of adult patients with celiac disease and the correlation between 25 (OH) D, VDR and the clinical characteristics and indexes of celiac disease.Methods:From September 1, 2020 to May 1, 2022, 37 patients who were diagnosed with celiac disease (celiac disease group) in the Department of Gastroenterology of People′s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were enrolled. During the same period, according to gender, age and nationality matched at a ratio of 1 to 1, 37 patients who visited the hospital with suspected symptoms of celiac disease and finally were excluded from the diagnosis of celiac disease after screening (non-celiac disease group) were selected. General data and clinical characteristics of all the patients were collected, including diarrhea, bone mineral density (BMD), Marsh stage. Serum 25(OH)D levels were detected, and the expression of VDR(high or low expression) in the descending duodenum was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. Independent sample t test, chi-square test and Spearman correlation analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results:The serum 25(OH)D level and the proportion of patients with high VDR expression in the celiac disease group were both lower than those of the non-celiac disease group ((12.40±8.93) μg/L vs. (16.78±7.09) μg/L; 45.9%, 17/37 vs. 75.7%, 28/37), and the proportion of patients with diarrhea was higher than that of the non-celiac disease group (45.9%, 17/37 vs. 21.6%, 8/37), and the differences were statistically significant ( t=-2.52, χ2=6.86 and 4.89, all P<0.05). The serum 25(OH)D level was positively correlated with the VDR expression level in the descending duodenum both in the celiac disease group and the non-celiac disease group ( r=0.75 and 0.64, both P<0.001), and was not correlated with the diarrhea symptoms in the 2 groups (both P>0.05). There was a positive correlation between serum 25(OH)D and BMD in the celiac disease group ( r=0.48, P=0.017), and serum 25(OH)D was also correlated with BMD in the non-celiac disease group ( r=0.93, P<0.001). The VDR expression level in the descending duodenum was negatively correlated with the Marsh stage in the celiac disease group ( r=-0.36, P=0.031), while the VDR expression level was not related to the Marsh stage in the non-celiac disease group ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Vitamin D metabolism imbalance exists in the serum and duodenal mucosa of adult patients with celiac disease, which is related to the severity of osteoporosis and histopathology. It is suggested that patients with celiac disease should receive vitamin D metabolism regulation treatment.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of phloroglucinol in patients during coloscopy.Methods A total of 164 patients who were prepared for coloscopy were randomized divided into experiment group ( n =88 ) and control group ( n =76 ) . All of the patients in the two groups were given food easy to digest 3 days before coloscopy and given polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder orally 12 and 6 hours before coloscopy.The carbom dioxide was used as the expansion of the gas, and patients in the experiment group were given phloro-glucinol 40 mg by intramuscular injection 10 minutes before the colosco-py, and those in the control group were given 0.9%NaCl 2 mL by intra-muscular injection.The data of visual analogue score( VAS) , rate of co-loscopy examination reached to the cecum, blood pressure and heart rate before and after the examination between the two groups were recorded. Results The VAS score were ( 4.1 ±1.4 ) and ( 6.3 ±1.5 ) points in the experiment and control group respectively, with experiment group significantly lower than the control group ( P<0.05 ) .The reach cecum rate was 90.9%in experiment group and 89.5%in control group, which indicated no statistical difference between the two groups ( P>0.05 ) .The blood pressure and heart rate of the two groups were not statistically different in the procedure of coloscopy (P>0.05).Conclusion Phloroglucinol can significantly decrease the VAS in the procedure of coloscopy, without increasing the incidence of adverse drug reactions.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of baicalin (Bai) on lung injury, the level of TNF-alpha in cultured liquid of pulmonary interstitial macrophage and the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in lung injury associated with paraquat poisoning.

METHODSRats were randomizedly divided into four groups: control group, PQ group, Bai group (Bai, 300 mg.kg(-1).d(-1)) and simple Bai group (Bai, 300 mg. kg(-1).d(-1)) (n = 10 in each group). The 2% PQ was injected (25 mg/kg) in PQ group. Bai was injected in the rats (300 mg.kg(-1).d(-1) x 3 d) through caudal vein after paraquat poisoning in Bai group. In simple Bai group, Bai was injected in the healthy rats (300 mg.kg(-1).d(-1) x 3 d). The samples were obtained three days after intraperitoneal administration of 2% paraquat (25 mg/kg). The injury of lung was estimated with HE dyeing and electron microscope. Pulmonary interstitial macrophage (PIM) were obtained, and then cultured for 24 hours. The content of TNF-alpha was evaluated. The expression of HO-1 mRNA was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The expression of HO-1 protein was evaluated by Western blot analysis.

RESULTSThe lung tissue was normal in control group and simple Bai group. The degree of lung injury in PQ group was higher than that in control group by HE dyeing and electron microscope observation. The level of TNF-alpha expression in cultured PIM in Bai group [(484.2 +/- 39.5) microg/L] was lower than that in PQ group [(790.2 +/- 35.0) microg/L], but higher than that in the control group [(121.6 +/- 19.2) microg/L] (P < 0.05). The expression of HO-1 mRNA and protein [(59.8 +/- 5.40) and (122.0 +/- 31.98)] in Bai group were higher than those in PQ group [(45.9 +/- 5.82) and (77.92 +/- 10.23)] (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe lung injury associated with paraquat poisoning was alleviated by baicalin, which was possibly related to the decrease of level of TNF-alpha in cultured PIM and the increase of the expression of HO-1 mRNA and protein.

Animals ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Flavonoids ; pharmacology ; Heme Oxygenase-1 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Lung ; metabolism ; pathology ; Macrophages, Alveolar ; metabolism ; Male ; Paraquat ; poisoning ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; metabolism ; pathology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; biosynthesis

Objective:To predict and analyze the number of acute pancreatitis (AP) inpatients based on time series model, and to explore the predictive efficiency of the model.Methods:Clinical data of AP inpatients in the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from January 2014 to December 2019 were collected. R software was used to collect the time series of AP inpatients, and the trend and seasonal characteristics of AP inpatients from 2014 to 2018 were analyzed. Furthermore, the autoregressive moving average (ARIMA) model was established through stationarity test, model ordering and model testing steps, and the best selected model was used to predict the monthly number of inpatients in 2019 to verify its prediction efficiency.Results:A total of 3 939 AP patients were included in the study. The most common etiology for AP was cholestrogenic (48.2%), followed by hyperacylglyceremia (36.3%). The peak age of hospitalization was from 40 to 60 years old. Time series analysis showed that the number of AP inpatients increased year by year. The highest peak of the disease was from February to March, followed by September to November; and there was seasonal variation and the incidence was relatively small in summer. The established original training set sequence did not pass the stationarity test ( P=0.061), so the ARIMA model was established after it was transformed into a stationarity sequence by first-order difference. According to the criterion of minimum AIC value, ARIMA(2, 1, 1)(1, 1, 1) 12 was selected as the best model. The model was used to predict the number of AP inpatients in 2019, showing that it could better fit the trend of onset time and had good short-term prediction effect. The mean root error and absolute error were 6.8790 and 4.7783, respectively. Conclusions:The number of AP inpatients increases year by year with seasonal changes. ARIMA model is effective in predicting the number of AP inpatients and can be used for short-term prediction.

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of volatie oil of Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq herb and Saposhnikovia divaricata Schischke root (OSS) on proinflammatory cytokine expression and regulation in rats.

METHODOA and LPS were injected intravenously to rats to develop acute lung injury (ALI). The rats were treated with OSS (45.19 microL kg(-1)). The pathological sections of lung tissue were prepared and observed in acute lung injury rats. The expression of nuclear factor-kappa B p65 (NF-kappaB p65), intercellar adhesion molecule CD54, and NF-kappaB p65 mRNA were determined in lung cells.

RESULTvolatie oil of Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq herb and Saposhnikovia divaricata Schischke root significantly inhibited the expression of CD54, the activation of NF-kappaB p65, and the transcription of NF-kappaB p65 mRNA.

CONCLUSIONOSS can reduce the expression of CD54 and NF-kappaB p65 protein synthesis, which may be its anti-inflammatory molecular mechanisms.

Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Apiaceae ; chemistry ; Drug Combinations ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; biosynthesis ; Lamiaceae ; chemistry ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Male ; Oils, Volatile ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Oleic Acid ; Plant Oils ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; prevention & control ; Transcription Factor RelA ; biosynthesis ; genetics

BACKGROUND/AIMS: We aimed to investigate the correlation between a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin motif 2 (ADAMTS-2) and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) in clinical human cirrhotic tissues. METHODS: The liver tissues of 24 patients (16 cases with cirrhotic portal hypertension as the cirrhosis group and eight cases with healthy livers as the normal group) were collected. Immunohistochemistry and Western blots were performed to evaluate the protein expression levels of ADAMTS-2 and TGF-beta1. Western blots for other key mediators of cirrhotic progression, including SMAD2, SMAD3, TGF-beta receptor II (TGFbetaRII), matrix metalloproteinases 2 (MMP2), and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases 2 (TIMP2), were also performed. RESULTS: Cirrhotic tissues showed higher percentages of collagen. The protein expression levels of ADAMTS-2 and TGF-beta1 were significantly higher in the cirrhotic group as compared to the matched normal group (p<0.05), and there was a positive correlation between these two proteins (r=0.862, p<0.01). The protein expressions of MMP2, TIMP2, and TGFbetaRII, as well as the phosphorylated forms of SMAD2 and SMAD3, were significant higher in the cirrhotic group (p<0.01 or p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggested that ADAMTS-2 and TGF-beta1 may play important roles in the pathogenesis of human cirrhosis; specifically, TGF-beta1 may induce the expression of ADAMTS-2 through the TGFbeta/SMAD pathway.
Blotting, Western ; Collagen ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Hypertension, Portal ; Immunohistochemistry ; Liver ; Matrix Metalloproteinases ; Proteins ; Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta ; Thrombospondins ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence of ambroxol on paraquat poisoning induced acute lung tissue injury and the change of pulmonary surfactant associated protein A in the experimental rats.

METHODSOne hundred and twenty healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomizedly assigned into normal saline (NS) group (n = 24), paraquat poisoning induced lung tissue injury model (PQ) group (n = 48) and ambroxol treatment (AT) group (n = 48). The indexes were observed among the three groups comprising the mortality rate, the change of arterial blood PaCO(2) and PaO(2), the ratio of wet to dry lung tissue (W/D), the change of the lung tissue under light and electric microscope respectively, and the expression of pulmonary surfactant associated protein A.

RESULTSThe mortality rate of rats in the PQ group was 50.0% on the seventh day while the mortality rate in the AT group was 25.0%. The level of arterial blood PaCO(2) in the PQ group (6.94 +/- 0.8) kPa was significantly higher than that in the AT group (6.12 +/- 0.5) kPa and the NS group (4.6 +/- 0.4) kPa. The level of arterial blood PaO(2) in the PQ group (6.98 +/- 1.1) kPa was significantly lower than that in the AT group (8.25 +/- 0.7) kPa and the NS group (12.7 +/- 0.8) kPa. There were significant differences among the groups (P < 0.05). The degree of lung tissue injury was severe in PQ group and relieved in AT group. The expression of pulmonary surfactant associated protein A was significantly decreased in PQ group 13.22% +/- 2.21% on the seventh day, compared with that in the AT group (21.82% +/- 3.67%) (P < 0.05). The expression of pulmonary surfactant associated protein A in AT group was significantly higher in the AT group (18.97% +/- 0.91%) than that in the PQ group on the seventh day (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAmbroxol plays a role in facilitating synthesis and secretion of pulmonary surfactant protein A and relieves the lung tissue injury induced by paraquat poisoning.

Ambroxol ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Paraquat ; poisoning ; Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein A ; biosynthesis ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; pathology