Cerebral Palsy ; physiopathology ; rehabilitation ; Child ; Disability Evaluation ; Humans ; Motor Skills ; Movement ; Muscle Spasticity ; physiopathology ; rehabilitation ; Neuropsychological Tests

Objective To detect the genetic diversity and prevalent strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Tibetan patients in Tibet and to analyze factors associated with prevalent strains.Methods A total of 577 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were genotyped by spacen oligonucleotide typing (spoligotyping) and the results were analyzed with BioNumerics software (Version 5.0) and compared with the international spoligotype database of SITVIT2.Results Among the 577 cases of Tibet patients,329 were male and 248 were female.Based on spoligotyping,23 different spoligotypes were identified among 577 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates,with a genetic diversity of 3.99 ％.The majority (97.57％,563/577) of the isolates belonged to four known families,such as Beijing family,T family,CAS family and MANU2 family.The remaining 14 isolates had 11 novel spoligotypes.522 (90.47％)isolates belonging to Beijing family presented with 7 spoligotypes,resulting in the genetic diversity of Beijing family of 1.34％.With high similarity,Beijing family strains could be clustered into one genotype;among non-Beijing family strains,strains belonging to T family and MANU2 family were similar and could be clustered into one genotype.Changdu had the highest prevalence (97.83％) of Beijng family strains.In this study,the occurrence of Beijing family strains was not associated with age,sex,bacillus CalmetteGuerin vaccination or treatment history (P=1.00,0.36,0.83 and 1.00,respectively).Conclusions In this study,the genetic diversity of Tibetan Mycobacterium tuberculosis is low and Beijing family strains are highly prevent in Tibet,by classical spoligotyping.

Objective To put forward suggestions for improving the writing standards of package inserts of Chinese patent drug in China. Methods Totally 84 package inserts of Chinese patent drug were chosen randomly. The labeled items in them would be investigated and analyzed according to legal documents in China. Results The rate of complete labeled items was 0%. Meanwhile, many problems existed in the items which affected medication safety seriously. In addition, there were defects in expression of the content, revision of package inserts of Chinese patent drug and so on. Conclusion It is urgent to improve the writing standards and the completeness of the labeled items as well as the scientificalness on the expressions of package inserts of Chinese patent drug.

ABSTRACT: "Association of the kidney with the ears" is central to the traditional Chinese medical (TCM) theory of the viscera and their manifestations. Previous studies have shown that thyroxin, aldosterone, calcium and iron might be the material basis of the correlation between the kidney and the ears. Due to restriction in research techniques and methods, there has been no further progress in this research field, whose modern biological mechanisms and scientific connotations have not been explained clearly. In recent years, the progress of biological techniques and research on kidney essence provided promising opportunities for research of the association between the kidney and the ears. This article summarized the study progress of "association of the kidney with the ears" theory and posed some meaningful study thoughts. Presbycusis is a kind of degenerative disease caused by aging, which is one aspect of aging of the human body. Because aging is considered as physiological "kidney deficiency", presbycusis can be regarded as a model of "kidney deficiency" deafness. In conclusion, investigating the correlation between "kidney deficiency" and presbycusis using biotechnology systems combined with "essence of kidney", should provide a sound basis for study of the theory of the relationship between the kidney and the ears. This will provide new and valuable information for the modern biological research about the theory of visceral associations in TCM.

Since local chemotherapy and sustained release chemotherapy have been put forward, a number of sustained-release drug delivery systems have been developed with regard to the releasing effect in vitro and in vivo, as well as the lethal effect on the tumor cells. This study reviews the merit of sustained release chemotherapy and sustained release drug delivery system of malignant bone tumor both in vitro and in vivo.

OBJECTIVE To understand the status of sterilization in our hospital to provide the evidence for control of nosocomial infections.METHODS The quality of air sterilization,disinfectant liquid in use,the effect of autoclave sterilization,staff's hands and the object′s surface in 29 clinical departments of the hospital were monitored.RESULTS In 2006,the qualification rate of air sterilization was 70.74%.The qualification rate of disinfectant liquid and autoclave sterilization were 88.03% and 93.71%,respectively.CONCLUSIONS We should strengthen the monitoring of hospital sterilization,apply monitoring data reasonably and discover all kinds of risks for nosocomial infections in time to decrease the incidence rate of nosocomial infections.

OBJECTIVE To study the constituent ratio and drug resistance of Gram-negative bacilli to draft preventive and control measures.METHODS The sputum and lower respiration secretion of 354 patients infected with Gram-negative bacilli were cultured by routine methods.Disk diffusion test was used to analyze drug resistance.RESULTS The isolating rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa(25.7%) was the highest.Then was Klebsiella pneumoniae,accounted for 21.5%.Except for Haemophilus influenzae,the other Gram-negative bacilli were resistant to the routine drugs in different degrees.The detection rate of extensive-spectrum beta-lactamases(ESBLs) producers in K.pneumoniae and Escherichia coli were 38.2% and 36.7%,respectively.CONCLUSIONS It is very necessary for clinical microbiology department to monitor pathogens to provide the scientific evidence for clinical usage of the antibiotics.

OBJECTIVE To study drug-resistance status of nosocomial infections caused by coagulase negative staphylococcus(CNS)to offer scientific basis for reasonable usage of antibiotics.METHODS CNS were all identified by VITEK32 system.The drug suspectivity was tested by K-B method.The results were judged according to NCCLS/CLSI2004.RESULTS Among 258 strains of CNS,111 strains of Staphylococcus haemolyticus ranked the top,accounting for 43.0% and followed by 98 strains of S.epidermidis(38.0%).The isolating rate of meticillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococcus(MRCNS)was 51.9%(134/258).The drug-resistance rate of MRCNS was higher obviously than that of methicillin-susceptible coagulase-negative staphylococcus(MSCNS).CONCLUSIONS CNS has been one of the important pathogens of nosocomial infections.MRCNS with higher isolating rate showed multi-drug resistance.The glycopeptide antibiotics are the first choice to cure MRCNS infections.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the efficacy and safety of clopidogrel combined with aspirin in the treatment of transient ischemic attack in the elderly. METHODS:90 elderly patients with transient ischemic were randomly divided into observation group(50 cases)and control group(40 cases). All patients received conventional treatment,statins,low molecular weight dextran and urokinase,etc.,symptomatic treatment was conducted for patients combined with other underlying diseases. Based on it,con-trol group received 100 mg Aspirin enteric-coated tablet,once a day;observation group additionally received 75 mg Clopidogrel bi-sulfate tablet,once a day. No other antiplatelet drugs were allowed. They treatment for 6 months. Clinical efficacy,platelet func-tion indexes(CD63,CD62p)before and after treatment,recurrence rate and incidence of cerebral stroke after 6 months follow-up in 2 groups were observed,and the incidence of adverse reactions was recorded. RESULTS:The total effective rate in observation group was significantly higher than control group,recurrence rate and incidence of cerebral stroke were significantly lower than con-trol group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). After treatment,CD63 and CD62p levels in 2 groups were sig-nificantly lower than before,and observation group was lower than control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). And there were no obvious adverse reactions during treatment. CONCLUSIONS:Based on conventional treatment,clopido-grel combined with aspirin shows better efficacy than aspirin alone in the treatment of transient ischemic attack in the elderly,it can reduce the incidence of cerebral stroke and recurrence rate,with good safety.