To study the influences of the demographic evolution to government expenditure on health by using the method of generalized method of moment(GMM)by dynamic panel data of 31 provinces or cities from 1998 to 2011. The result showed that the elderly dependency ratio had a significant positive impact on government health expenditure, while the reduction of child dependency ratio would increase it. There were clear differences among regions. The elderly and child dependency ratio were both significantly positive for the eastern region, no significant effect for the central, and positive and negative respectively for the western. Therefore, it is needed to further improve the proportion of government health spending in total health expenditure, increase transfer payment, reduce regional differences and achieve the equalization of basic public health services.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been the hot spot of rehabilitation and tissue engineered medicine.Due to their origination from the adult tissues,the multilineage differentiation potential and immune escape characteristics,MSCs become the ideal seed cells for cell transplant treatment.This article summarizes the biological characteristics of MSCs and its application in the treatment of liver disease.

BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from adult bone marrow can alter alloimmune response in vitro and vivo. Their potentiality is great in solid organ transplantation.OBJECTIVE: To develop MSC antirejection therapy and identify behind mechanishm of MSCs immunomodulation ability. METHODS: We searched Pubmed (1994-Mar.2009) with the key words of "mesenchymal stem cells, solid organ transplantation, tolerance, immunosuppression, animal model". RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 262 English articles about influence and mechanism of action of adult bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on solid organ transplantation were collected. The 49 suitable articles were included without earlier publication time, repeated and analogous study. Human mesenchymal stem cells did not express MHC2 Ⅱ antigen and T cell costimulatory molecules B7. Coculture with allogenic T lymphocytes could not induce T cell proliferation, but inhibited mixed lymphocyte reaction and mitogenstimulated T cell proliferation. Inhibitory effects of mesenchymal stem cells on T cell proliferation were not limited by major histocompatibility complex. Mesenchymal stem cells no matter from donors or recipients had similar immunoloregulation effects. Allogene mesenchymal stem cells could cause immunereaction in vivo, no complete immune privilege. The in vivo effects of mesenchymal stem cells will strongly depend on their localization and migration pattern after injection. Therefore, MSCs are interesting candidate cells for tolerance induction in clinical organ transplantation.

BACKGROUND: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the kernel of articular genu, for the past few years, the incidence rate of cruciate ligament injury increased gradually.OBJECTIVE: To review on the mechanism of the injury of ACL, the method of operation, the election of transplant, the reconstruction of equilong, the reconstruction of ligament and so on, and to look forward to providing some references on treating the ACL injury.METHODS: A computer-based research was conducted in Medine database (1996-01/2009-03), with the key words of "Anterior cruciate ligament, implant, reconstruction, repair". Chongqing VIP database and Qinghua Tongfang database (1996-01/2009-03) were retrieved with the same key words.RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: 200 literatures on arthroscopic ACL reconstruction were collected, excluding older, repeated and similar research, and the 18 standard literatures were included. ACL is a key structure to stabilize knee joint, and exercises and various factors during daily life could induce its injury. Unsuitable treatment would severely affect movement ability or movement loss. To recover structure and function of knee joint, damaged ACL should be reconstructed. With the development of technique and innovation of surgical instrument, arthroscopic reconstruction has presently been a popular method to treat ACL. There are many methods to treat ACL injury, but none of them can duplicate ACL anatomical relationship. It is still in doubt whether the operation can reduce the secondary damage. We have much more work to research on modus operandi, implant, postoperative rehabilitation and other adjunctive therapies.

Objective To analyze the cause of lower limbs swelling after knee arthroscopy operation, and compare the effect of gravity and pump irrigation system on lower limbs swelling after operation. Methods 60 patients after knee arthroscopic surgery were divided into the pump irrigation group and the gravity group with 30 patients in each group. We measured the perimeter of the lower limb pre and post operation and compared the operation time of each group. Results There were no significant differences in the perimeter of the lower limb and operation time between the gravity group and the pump irrigation group. Conclusions During knee arthroscopic surgery which cost less than 1 hour, there was no inlluence on lower limbs swelling whether using gravity or pump irrigation system.

Objective To analyze the clinical efficacy of trimetazidine in short-term treatment for dilated cardiomyopathy accompanied by heart failure. Methods Sixty seven cases of dilated cardiomyopathy patients with heart failure were recruited and divided into two groups randomly,the control group(n = 33) had conventional therapy and the treatment group (n = 34) had conventional therapy plus oral tid 20 mg trimetazidine administration for 3 months. Results The heart function improved significantly in both groups. The overall effective rate was significantly lower in the control group than the treatment group(69. 7% vs. 88.2%,P ＜ 0. 05). In the treatment group, before treating the left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output per minute (CO), 6 min walk test(6-MWT), were(28.7 ± 13. 6) %,(31.0 ± 8. 7) ml,(3. 10 ± 0. 49) L/min,(138.0 ± 30. 4) m respectively, and after treazing these indices were(38. 5 ± 9. 7) %,(48. 5 ± 6. 8) ml, (4. 90 ± 0. 98) L/min,(350. 0 ± 20. 4) m respectively, which increased significantly after treatment(Ps ＜0. 05). However,in the treatment group ,before treatment left ventricular. End-systolic dimension (LVESD), left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were (68. 0 ± 8. 0)mm,(70. 0 ± 7. 8) mm,(669. 0 ± 71.4) μg/L respectively, whereas after treatment these indices were(59. 0 ± 6. 7) mm,(68.0 ± 7. 9) μg/L,(340. 0 ± 56. 0) μg/L respectively, which decreased significantly after treatment(Ps ＜ 0. 05). In the control group, before treatment LVEF, SV, CO, 6-M WT were(28. 5 ±13.9) %,(30. 0 ± 9. 9) ml,(3.00 ± 0. 48) L/min,(130. 0 ± 28. 6) m respectively, whereas after treating these indices were(34. 0 ± 8. 5) %,(34. 0±11.0) ml,(3. 90 ± 0. 56) L/min,(254. 0 ± 30. 0) m, respectively,which increased significantly after treatment(Ps ＜ 0. 05). While in the control group, before treatment LVESD,LVEDD and BNP were (67.0 ± 9. 0) mm, (70. 0 ± 8.0) mm,(666. 0 ± 70. 8) μg/L respectively, whereas after treatment these indices were(60. 0 ± 5. 5) mm,(66. 0 ± 5.7) mm,(350. 0 ± 55.3) μg/L respectively, which decreased significantly after treatment (Ps ＜ 0. 05). Moreever, the improvement of these indices in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group (Ps ＜ 0. 05). Conclusion The additional administration of trimetazidine to conventional anti-failure treatment can significantly improve the heart function in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy,which is worth to be generalized clinically.

Objective Inaccurate dosing is an important cause of medical malpractice, how to adjust the medication dose to overcome the excessive deviation will be discussed in this paper. Methods Gold zone method was proposed on the basis of the probability theory and mathematical statistics for handling inaccurate dosing problems. Investigation and study in large sample size was carried out on adverse reactions of Cefamandole Nafate for Injection by adopting the method. Results The conclusions from the super large sample size test indicate that there is highly significant difference of total adverse reaction rates between taking values within and outside golden zone of dosage, and the adverse reaction rate of taking values within golden zone is significantly lower than that of outside golden zone. It is noteworthy that when dosage was lower than golden zone,the adverse reaction rate was significantly increased,which is more than 4 times of that within golden zone. Conclusion It is effective measures and simply and easy to apply that taking values within golden zone of dosage reduce adverse drug reactions,probability within golden zone less than 1/4 range of experience that contains the actual demand of the body up to 70%.

[Objective]To investigate the effective method for allergic rhinitis.[Method]58 cases were randomly divided into 2 groups,treatment group 31 take self-made Yiqi Tuomin Decoction,other group 27 take cetirizine hydrochloride.[Result]In treatment group,16 cases had marked effect,12 had effect,3 had no effect,effective rate was 90.3%;for control one,they were 8,10,9 and 66.7%respectively.[Conclusion]Yiqi Tuomin Decoction has obvious effect on allergic rhinitis.

Objective To investigate the effects of puerarin on levels of thromboxane A 2 (TXA 2) and prostaglandin I 2 (PGI 2) in plasma of rats with hyperlipidemia. Methods A total of 48 Wistar juvenile rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal diet, high fat and high cholesterol diet (HFD), HFD supplemented respectively with 1 g/kg puerarin (puerarin group Ⅰ) or 2 g/kg puerarin (puerarin group Ⅱ). After eight weeks of feeding, the rats were sacrificed for detection of the levels of lipid, TXA 2, and PGI 2. Results The blood triglycerol, total cholesterol, LDL C, TXA 2, and TXA 2/PGI 2 were significantly lower in puetarin Ⅰ and puerarin Ⅱ groups than those in HFD group, but the concentration of HDL C was significantly increased in the supplemented group( F =109 163, P =0 000; P

Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndrome type Ⅰ( APS-Ⅰ) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in autoimmune regulator gene( AIRE) . A number of mutations have been described in the AIRE gene of patients with APS-Ⅰ, including nonsense mutation, missense mutation, silent mutation, splice site mutation, insertions and deletions mutation, et al. The mutation characteristics of the APS-Ⅰ pathogenic gene have been reviewed in the article.