OBJECTIVE: To establish the HPLC fingerprints of Amomum villosum Lour., Amomum villosum Lour. var. xanthioides T. L. Wu et Senjen and Amomum longiligulare T. L. Wu and find their differences. METHODS: The samples were extracted with 75% ethanol aqueous and then analysis was carried out on an Agilent ZORBAX SB-Aq C18 column with the mobile phase consisting of methanol (A) and 0.05% formic acid solution (B). Gradient elution (0 min, 5% A; 5 min, 5% A→15% A; 10 min, 15% A→26% A; 20 min, 26% A→40% A; 45 min, 40% A→70% A; 58 min, 70% A→100% A, 63 min, 100% A) was carried out at the flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1. The column temperature was maintained at 30℃, and the detection wavelength was set at 263 nm. The software "Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of TCMs (Version 2012.0) " was employed to generate the mean chromatogras and carry out the similarity analysis of the samples. SPSS21.0 was employed to carry out the cluster analysis. RESULTS: The HPLC fingerprints of the three varieties were different according to fingerprinting and cluster analysis. Amomum villosum Lour. var. xanthioides T. L. Wu et Senjen was obvilously differernt fromAmomum villosum Lour. and Amomum longiligulare T. L. Wu. There were 25 common peaks in the former HPLC fingerprint and 29 common peaks in the latter. CONCLUSION: The HPLC fingerprints of three kinds of Amomum villasums were set up for the first time and they provide reference for the identification and quality control of Amomum villosum Lour., Amomum villosum Lour. var. xanthioides T. L. Wu et Senjen, and Amomum longiligulare T. L. Wu.

AIM: To analyze the efficacy of sodium hyaluronate and cyclosporine A eye drops in treating patients with mixed dry eye disease.

METHODS: Among patients diagnosed with dry eye who presented to our hospital between February 2018 to February 2019, 60(120 eyes)cases were divided into 30(60 eyes)in each control and treatment group by random number table method. Both groups received routine treatment with the methods of eyelid hot compress cleaning and meibomian gland massage. The treatment group received combined application of sodium hyaluronate eye drop(0.3%)and cyclosporine A eye drop(1%), while control group received carbomer eye drops used alone at four times daily. And dry eye symptom score, Schirmer I test(SⅠt), tear film break-up time(BUT)and corneal fluorescein staining(CFS)results were obtained before treatment, at the 1 and 3mo after initiation of treatment.

RESULTS: No statistically differences were observed in any of the indexes between the control group(dry eye symptom score: 13.52±2.15, SⅠt: 5.22±2.23, BUT: 5.02±1.58, CFS:2.82±0.81)and the treatment group(dry eye symptom score: 13.75+3.05, SⅠt: 5.54+2.89, BUT: 5.14+1.84, CFS: 2.73±0.45)before initiating treatment. One month later, the dry eye symptom score of the control group(12.22±2.64)and the treatment group(11.42±2.06)improved after treatment; the SⅠt of the control group(7.94±2.15)and the treatment group(8.63±2.78)also improved after treatment, and result of the treatment group was better than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant; the BUT of the control group(5.32±1.34)and the treatment group(5.46±1.45)were better after treatment, but the difference was not statistically significant. After 3mo treatment, the dry eye symptom score, SⅠt, BUT and CFS of the control group were 11.57±2.98, 8.44±2.35, 5.92±1.75, 1.92±0.44, respectively, and the dry eye symptom score, SⅠt, BUT and CFS of the control group were 9.23±2.34, 10.45±2.65, 5.92±1.75, 8.69±1.78, 1.59±0.79, respectively(P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Combination therapy of sodium hyaluronate eye drop and cyclosporine A eye drops treatments are effective for the treatment of mixed dry eye syndrome.

Objective: The study is to explore daily violence exposure and its association with campus bullying, to provide theoretical basis for positive development of middle school students. Methods: Questionnaire survey was conducted by using Violence Exposure Scale, Normative Beliefs about Aggression Scale, Middle School Students’ Self-control Scale, and Middle School Students’ Campus Bullying Scale. During Aug. to Oct. 2019, 1 372 middle school students were selected by the convenient sampling method as subjects of study from 2 junior high schools and 3senior high schools in Xinxiang. Results: The total score in daily violence exposure was (34.22±12.09). The scores of violence exposure, traditional bullying and cyberbullying in female were lower than in male(t=-2.60--6.32, P<0.05). The scores of violence exposure, traditional bullying and cyberbullying in junior high school students were higher than senior high school students(t=4.59-7.50, P<0.05). The relationship between violence exposure and normative beliefs about aggression, traditional bullying, cyberbullying were positive (r=0.20, 0.44, 0.51, P<0.01). The relationship between violence exposure and self-control was negative (r=-0.29, P<0.01) . The relationship between normative beliefs about aggression and traditional bullying, cyberbullying were positive (r=0.28, 0.22, P<0.01). The relationship between normative beliefs about aggression and self-control was negative (r=-0.38, P<0.01). Violence exposure indirectly affects traditional bullying/cyberbullying through normative beliefs about aggression. The effect of normative beliefs about aggression on the traditional bullying/cyberbullying of middle school students is reduced with the increase of self-control. Conclusion Normative beliefs about aggression plays an intermediary role in violence exposure and traditional bully/cyberbullying, and self-control regulates the relationship between them.

Objective: To explore mediating effect of shame on parent-child attachment and bullying among high school students, and to provide the basis for school bullying prevention among high school students. Methods: From September to November 2018, a total of 1 149 students’ bullying behavior from 4 high schools in Shenyang and Xinxiang, were investigated with the Inventory of Parents and Peer Attachment, Middle School Students’ Bullying Scale and Middle School Students’ Shame Scale. Results: About 31.07% of the subjects involved in school bullying. The report rates of bullying among boys, high school students of second grade, only child, students from rural area were higher (P<0.01). Mother-child attachment was negatively correlated with traditional and cyber bullying(r=-0.14, -0.21, -0.20, P<0.01). Father-child attachment was negatively correlated with traditional and cyber bullying(r=-0.19, -0.21, -0.19, P<0.01). Shame was positively correlated with traditional bullying and cyber bullying (r=0.20, 0.19, P<0.01). Shame mediates mother-child attachment, traditional and cyber bullying, accounting for 11.78% and 15.70% of the total effects. Shame mediates father-child attachment, traditional and cyber bullying, accounting for 15.17% and 17.43% of the total effect. Conclusion Mother-child and father-child attachment have direct effect on school bullying, and indirect effect on school bullying through shame.

The objective of this study is to develop an in vitro screening method for nasal absorption of insulin. First, the adaptability of in situ rat nasal perfusion test for the study of insulin was investigated. It was found that insulin was liable to be absorbed on the silicone tube and the traditional method is not suitable. However, addition of 0.001% Labrasol into the perfusate can effectively solve this problem. A modified method suitable for in situ rat nasal perfusion of insulin was established with the addition of 0.001% Labrasol into the perfusate. Using the modified method, effect of pH and drug concentration on the absorption of insulin in the nasal cavity was further investigated. The results suggest that compared with pH 4.5 and pH 7.4, the drug absorption rate was the lowest at pH 6.0. The intranasal absorption mechanism of insulin may be passive diffusion.

To study the C21 steroids of the stems of Marsdenia tenacissima (Roxb.) Wight et Arn, various chromatography methods were used for the isolation of the constituents and their structures were identified by spectral analysis. Eight C21 steroids were isolated from the CHCl3 extract, which were identified as 11alpha-O-tigloyl-17beta-tenacigenin B (1), 17beta-tenacigenin B (2), tenacigenoside A (3), 11alpha-O-2-methylbutyryl-12beta-O-acetyl tenacigenin B (4), tenacissoside H (5), marsdenoside A (6), tenacissoside G (7), and tenacissoside I (8). Among them, compound 1 is a new compound.
Marsdenia ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Saponins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Steroids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in patients aged 65 years and above in Liaoning Province. Methods Between January 2019 and December 2020, a cluster random sampling method was used to investigate residents ≥ 65 years old in Sujiatun Community, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province. The pulmonary function tests of the selected residents were conducted. Questionnaire surveys were carried out and 5738 questionnaires with complete data were analyzed. Results A total of 620 COPD cases were diagnosed among 5738 people investigated in the present study, with a total prevalence rate of 10.81%, of which the prevalence rate in men was 12.58% (371/2950), and the prevalence rate in women was 8.93% (249/2950). According to the GOLD classification of lung function, 620 patients can be divided into 186 (30.49%) cases of grade I, 266 (43.61%) grade II, 118 (19.34%) grade III, and 50 (8.20%) cases of grade IV. The problem with lung function in males was more serious than that in females, which increased gradually with age (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that gender, age, BMI, smoking, childhood respiratory history, family history, occupational exposure, indoor oil fume and use of polluted fuel for heating were independent risk factors affecting the onset of COPD (P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of COPD in patients aged 65 years old and above in Liaoning is relatively high. Gender, age, BMI, smoking, childhood respiratory history, family history, occupational exposure, indoor oil fume, and use of polluted fuel for heating are related to the onset of COPD. Clinical attention should be paid to early screening and prevention of COPD in those populations to reduce the prevalence of COPD..

Objective     To evaluate efficacy of amiodarone in the prevention of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting. Methods     CBM (from January 1978 to August 2017), CNKI (from January 1987 to August 2017), VIP (from January 1989 to August 2017), Wanfang (from January 1998 to August 2017) and PubMed (from January 1989 to August 2017) databases were searched. The articles were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Quality of articles was assessed by improved Jadad scale. Statistical analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3. Results     There were 19 articles meeting inclusion criteria including 2 817 patients and all were randomized controlled trial (RCT). There were 16 articles with high quality and 3 articles with low quality by improved Jadad scale. Compared with the placebo, amiodarone had a significant effect on reducing the incidence of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting (RR=0.37, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.50, P<0.000 01) and different administration models and time of amiodarone had effect on the atrial fibrillation after aterial bypass grafting (P<0.05). Conclusion    Compared with the placebo, amiodarone is effective in reducing the incidence of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting.

OBJECTIVETo develop an UPLC method of determining the characteristic chromatographic profile of Persicae Semen for controlling the drug quality quickly and accurately.

METHODThe UPLC characteristic chromatographic profiles of fifteen batches of Persicae Semen were determined on an HSS T3 column (2.1 mm x 100 mm, 1.8 microm) eluted with the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water containing 0.05% phosphoric acid in gradient mode and the detection wavelength was at 254 nm.

RESULTThe common mode of the UPLC characteristic chromatographic profile was set up. There were 12 common peaks in the fingerprints of fifteen samples, six of which were identified, and the similar degrees of the fifteen batches to the common mode were between 0.884-0.996.

CONCLUSIONThe method was quick and accurate. The characteristic chromatographic profile of Persicae Semen with high specificity can be used to control the quality of Persicae Semen.

Chromatography, Liquid ; methods ; Prunus ; chemistry ; Quality Control

AIMTo establish 3D QSAR model of propenamides with anti-malarial activities.

METHODSChemical synthesis combined with comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA).

RESULTSGenerated QSAR models for activities of inhibiting chloroquine resistive malaria (W2) and chloroquine sensitive malaria (D6).

CONCLUSIONThe activity of anti-W2 depends mostly on steric interaction and the activity of anti-D6 depends on both steric and electrostatic interaction.

Acrylamides ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Antimalarials ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Chloroquine ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance ; Molecular Conformation ; Molecular Structure ; Plasmodium ; drug effects ; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship