AIM:To investigate the clinicopathological significance of the protein expression of phosphorylated ezrin at threonine 567 ( pEZRThr567 ) in lung squamous cell carcinoma, adjacent tissues and normal tissues.METHODS:pEZRThr567 protein was detected in lung squamous carcinoma, adjacent and normal tissues by the method of immunohisto-chemistry.The correlation of pEZRThr567 expression with clinicopathological parameters of lung squamous carcinomas was al-so analyzed.The localization of pEZRThr567 was detected by immunofluorescence staining in lung squamous cell line EBC-1. RESULTS:The protein expression of pEZRThr567 in lung squamous carcinoma was significantly higher than that in the adja-cent and normal lung tissues (P<0.01).pEZRThr567 mainly localized on the cell membrane, and its over-expression signi-ficantly correlated with the differentiation, clinical stage and lymph node metastasis in lung squamous carcinoma.CON-CLUSION:pEZRThr567 may be an effective biomarker for prediction of malignant potential and poor prognosis of lung cancer.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and accuracy of a domestic continuous non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP) device in monitoring intraoperative blood pressure.Methods Sixty patients of both sexes,aged 18-64 yr,with body mass index of 18-30 kg/m2,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia,were included in the study.The invasive blood pressure (IBP) and NIBP were simultaneously measured in the radial artery.Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP,DBP) was continuously recorded,and the paired data and data of waveform were collected.For paired data,the agreement was evaluated using Bland-Altman analyses between the two monitoring methods.For waveform data,Pearson linear correlate analysis was performed between the two monitoring methods.Results For paired data,the bias of NIBP value from IBP value were (-2.1±5.4) mmHg (95％ CI-3.5-0.7 mmHg) and (2.6±6.4) mmHg (95％ CI 1.0-4.3 mmHg) for SBP and DBP,respectively.The 95％ limit of agreement of bias between the two methods was-12.6-8.5 mmHg for SBP and-10.0-15.3 mmHg for DBP.For waveform data,the bias of NIBP value from IBP value were (-2.1±6.5) mmHg (95％ CI-3.7-0.4 mmHg) and (3.1±6.8) mmHg (95％ CI 1.3-4.8 mmHg) for SBP and DBP,respectively.The correlation coefficient between the two methods was O.82 for SBP and 0.88 for DBP,P＜0.01.Conclusion The effectiveness and accuracy of this domestic continuous NIBP monitoring device in monitoring intraoperative blood pressure is clinically acceptable.

Objective:To comprehensively understand the disease burden of liver cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases caused by alcohol use in China from 1990 to 2019, as well as to predict the trends in disease burden from 2020 to 2030.Methods:The analysis utilized data from the Global Burden of Disease study in 2019 (GBD2019). Key indicators such as incidence rate, mortality rate, disability-adjusted life years (DALY), years of life lost due to premature mortality, and years lived with disability were selected to describe the disease burden of alcohol-related liver cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases in China from 1990 to 2019. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was used to depict the temporal trends in disease burden. Furthermore, a Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model was constructed using R software to predict the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of alcohol-related liver cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases in China from 2020 to 2030.Results:From 1990 to 2019, the incidence of alcohol-related liver cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases in China showed an upward trend, with an EAPC of 0.31% (95% CI: 0.10%-0.52%). However, the DALY declined, with an EAPC of -2.81% (95% CI: -2.92% - -2.70%). The ASMR showed a downward trend, with an EAPC of -2.55% (95% CI: -2.66% - -2.45%). The highest incidence of cirrhosis of liver caused by alcohol and other chronic liver diseases was reported in the age group of 35-49 years, while the ASMR increased gradually with age, with a significant rise after the age of 30. The age-standardized DALY rate peaked between the ages of 55 and 64. The disease burden indicators for males were consistently higher than those for females during the same period. According to the predictions of the BAPC model, from 2020 to 2030, the ASIR for cirrhosis of liver caused by alcohol and other chronic liver diseases in the entire population of China was projected to increase from 3.45/100 000 in 2020 to 3.78/100 000 in 2030, a growth of 9.57%. Conversely, the ASMR was expected to decrease from 1.45/100 000 in 2020 to 1.24/100 000 in 2030, a reduction of 14.48%. Conclusions:The disease burden of cirrhosis of liver caused by alcohol and other chronic liver diseases remained serious in China, especially in men and the middle-aged to elderly population. There is a pressing need to prioritize attention and resources towards these groups. Despite the projected decrease in ASMR, the ASIR continued to rise and is expected to persist in its upward trend until 2030.

Objective To explore the effect of macrophages on the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) in ovarian carcinoma cells and its mechanism. Methods Phorbol ester and lipopolysaccharide were used to activate the monocyte THP-1 that would become macrophages . Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the cytokines level in the supernatant of macrophages. The effect of macrophages ' supernatant on VCAM1 mRNA expression of ovarian HEY and IGROV1 carcinoma cells was detected by using quantitative real-time and polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Western blot was used to detect the effect of macrophages ' supernatant on VCAM1 protein expression of ovarian carcinoma cells with VCAM1 over expression (HEY-VCAM1 and IGROV1-VCAM1). Dual-luciferase report gene assay was used to detect the effect of macrophages' supernatant and the cytokines on promoter transcriptional activity in different truncations of human embryonic kidney cells HEK293T VCAM1 gene. Results Compared with the supernatant of THP-1 cells, the release number of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-12 in supernatant from macrophages was increased (all P< 0.05), and IL-10 was decreased (t=3.841, P=0.019). The levels of VCAM1 mRNA in HEY and IGROV1 cells were upregulated by macrophages' supernatant and 1 ng/ml TNF-α, and macrophages' supernatant could promote the expression levels of VCAM1 protein in HEY-VCAM1 cells and IGROV1-VCAM1 cells. Compared with the empty vector (pGV354) control group [(8.6 ±0.2) ×10-3 relative light unit (RLU)], the reporter gene luciferase activity of human embryonic kidney cells HEK293T VCAM1 gene promoter region were upregulated by supernatant from macrophages located at -1641 bp to +12 bp including the transcription binding site of AP-1 [(109.4±3.4)×10-3 RLU], and there was a significant difference (t=29.42, P<0.001). Compared with the negative control group untreated by cytokine [(21.0 ±0.5) ×10-3 RLU], 100 ng/ml TNF-α could promote the transcriptional activity of -1641 bp to +12 bp promoter of VCAM1 in HEK293T cells [(23.4±0.4)×10-3 RLU;t=4.134, P=0.001]. 150 ng/ml IL-6 had no effect on the transcriptional activity of the promoter [(21.4±1.0)× 10-3 RLU; t= 0.328, P= 0.708]. 5 ng/ml IL-12 inhibited the transcriptional activity of the promoter [(14.3 ± 1.0)×10-3 RLU;t= 6.390, P< 0.001]. Conclusion Macrophages can promote VCAM1 expression in ovarian carcinoma cells by secreting inflammatory factors like TNF-α to affect VCAM1 promoter region containing AP1 transcription binding site and can promote VCAM1 mRNA expression in ovarian cancer cells.

Background Subways are typical congregate settings and may facilitate aerosol transmission of viruses. However, quantified transmission probability estimates are lacking. Purpose To model spread and diffusion of respiratory aerosols in subways by simulation and calculation of infection probabilities. Methods The internal environment of carriages of Shanghai Metro Line 10 was used to establish a study scene. The movement of tiny particles was simulated using the turbulent model. Trend analysis of infection probabilities and viral quantum doses was conducted in a closed subway carriage scene by a quantum emission-infection probability model. Results Under a typical twelve-vent air conditioning configuration, respiratory droplet aerosols within a subway carriage dispersed rapidly throughout various regions due to airflow, with limited short-term diffusion to other carriages. Concurrently, owing to the uncertainty of airflow patterns, the airflow might circulate and converge within carriages, causing delayed outward dispersion or hindered dispersion of droplet aerosols upon entry into these zones. Passengers boarding the carriage could exacerbate the formation of these zones. When the air conditioning system functioned adequately (air exchange rate=23.21 h⁻¹), the probability of a virus carrier transmitting the virus to other passengers within the same carriage via aerosol transmission was approximately 3.8%. However, in the event of air conditioning system failure (air exchange rate=0.5 h⁻¹), this probability escalated dramatically to 30%. Furthermore, a super-spreader (with virus spreading exceeding 90% of the average) elevated the infection probability to 14.9%. Additionally, due to the complexity of turbulence within the carriage, if local diffusion occurred in 1/2 zones of a carriage, the anticipated infection probability would increase to 8.9%, or during the morning or evening rush hours leading to elevated aerosol concentrations, the infection probability would rise to 4.7%. The subway transmission probability for common coronaviruses diminished to as low as 0.9%. Conclusion Combined computational fluid dynamics and infection probability analysis reveals that in the prevalent twelve-vent air conditioning configurations, despite being a major transportation hub with substantial spatial-temporal overlap, the internal space of subway carriages exhibits a certain level of resistance to virus aerosol transmission owing to built-in ventilation capabilities. However, turbulence and passenger positioning may lead to localized hovering of droplet aerosols, thereby increase the risk of virus transmission. Furthermore, super-spreaders, poor operational status of built-in air conditioning system, and high passenger volume at morning or evening peak hours exert profound effects on virus transmission and infection probability.

With the acceleration of urbanization, urban rail transit systems have become one of the most important modes of transportation in modern cities. Urban rail transit systems operate in enclosed or semi-enclosed environments, characterized by poor air circulation and high passenger flow. During the period of high incidence of respiratory infectious diseases in autumn and winter, air quality and pathogenic microorganism monitoring in public places have attracted much attention. This article provided a detailed introduction to air pollutants and their sources related to urban rail transit, including chemical pollutants, such as particulate matter and gaseous pollutants, and microbial aerosols. Based on identified air pollutants related to urban rail transit, this paper reviewed the research progress on air quality monitoring technologies for chemical pollution factors and microbial aerosols. Finally, a summary of the health effects of chemical pollutants and microbial aerosols was provided, along with suggestions for monitoring and improving air quality tailored to the characteristics of urban rail transit systems. Through a review of previous studies, carrying out research on air quality monitoring technologies and associated health effects related to urban rail transit is of great significance and values for air quality management, urban development, and public health.

Aerosol microorganisms are important constituents of aerosols. They participate in physical and chemical reactions in the air and are also closely related to disease transmission and human health. With the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic， aerosol microorganisms have become a public health topic of great concern. Studying the composition and influencing factors of the air microbiome therefore has significant public health implications. Due to the limitations of traditional technologies for sampling and determination， the aerosol microbiome has not been fully understood. However， with the development and maturity of high-throughput sequencing technology， the aerosol microbiome has shown promising research prospects. This article reviews the composition， characteristics， detection methods and influencing factors of aerosol microorganisms， providing basic knowledge for further research on the air microbiome. In-depth research on microbial aerosols has significant implications on urban air quality control， national security and public health.