Objective: To understand the gender disparity and influencing factors for in-hospital mortality in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) at secondary hospitals in China. Methods: A total of 5525 in-hospital STEMI patients from 99 secondary hospitals of 15 provinces or autonomous regions between 2011-09 to 2014-06 were recruited including 1649 female and 3876 male. The in-hospital mortalities were compared between 2 genders and the relevant inlfuencing factors were studied by multiple Logistic regression analysis. Results: There were about 29.8% female and 70.2% male STEMI patients were studied. The in-hospital mortalities in female and male were 13.2% and 5.9%,P<0.01; gender disparity was obviously existing regardless of age, history of MI, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The mortality in female was higher than male even without diseases history and cardiovascular risk factors. Compared with male gender, female patients were usually having elder age and likely complicated with cardiovascular risk factors; they were with lower incidence to receive ECG, drug therapy and thrombolysis within 10 minutes of admission. With adjusted confounding factors, multiple regression analysis presented that female STEMI patients had the higher mortality than male (OR:1.7, 95% CI:1.4-2.0). Conclusion: The in-hospital mortality for STEMI patients was higher in female than male at secondary hospitals in China. Female patients were usually having elder age, complicated with more cardiovascular risk factors, while with less chances to receive ECG, drug therapy and thrombolysis within 10 minutes of admission.

Objective To change the deficiencies of the traditional performance evaluation model based on financial performance,give full play to the potential of hospital scientific research in the exploration of medical resources in hospital,improve the long-term development ability of hospital,and explore a new performance evaluation system of hospital scientific research.Methods By means of literature review combined with practice analysis,the paper conducted a comparative study on the advantages and characteristics of the research performance evaluation system and the traditional hospital performance evaluation system.Results The performance evaluation system of hospital scientific research based on balanced scorecard theory matches the dynamic process dimension of hospital scientific research.Conclusions The balanced scorecard-based performance evaluation system of hospital is able to change the previous rigid performance evaluation of scientific research,realized a dynamic and whole-process management mode which better mobilize the enthusiasm of medical staff for scientific research.

Objective: To analyze the current status of anticoagulant therapy for in-hospital patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) at county hospitals of China and to explore the relationship between anticoagulant therapy and clinical outcomes in real medical environment. Methods: 99 county hospitals from15 provinces of China were selected for this prospective registry study and 12373 eligible ACS patients without interventional therapy admitted from 2011-09 to 2014-06 were enrolled. The basic condition, previous history, initial assessment, anticoagulants (unfractionated heparin/low molecular weight heparin) application, severe bleeding events and in-hospital mortality were collected in all patients. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between anticoagulant therapy and clinical outcomes including in-hospital mortality, severe bleeding events and combined endpoints; meanwhile, possible confounders were adjusted. Results: A total of 9985/12373 ACS patients received anticoagulant therapy and 2388 did not. Anticoagulant therapy was conducted in 92.7% (4237/4570) patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), 90.8% (1639/1805) with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and 68.5% (4109/5998) with unstable angina (UA); there were differences by regions and genders,P<0.01and no difference by age. Multivariable analysis indicated that anticoagulant therapy decreased the risk of in-hospital mortality in ACS patients at 53% (OR= 0.47, 95% CI 0.36-0.62), such reduction in STEMI patients was at 55% (OR=0.45, 95% CI 0.32-0.64), in NSTEMI patients was at 58% (OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.24-0.75); while it had no real effect in UA patients,P>0.05. Meanwhile, it did not increase the risk of severe bleeding events in ACS patients,P>0.05. Conclusion: Anticoagulant therapy has been widely used in STEMI and NSTEMI patients at county hospitals of China and obviously decreased the in-hospital mortality; while the application rate was relatively low in UA patients. The general safety of anticoagulant therapy has been good in ACS patients.

Objective ToimprovethediagnosticaccuracybyassessingtheCTfeaturesofganglioneuroblastoma(GNB).Methods 38patientswithGNBconfirmedbypathologicalresultsandunderwentplainandcontrast-enhancedCTscanwereanalyzedretrospectively. Results GNBoftenoccurredinchildren.Allthecasesappearedassolitarylesion,7werelocatedinthemediastinum,12intheadrenal,15inthe retroperitoneal,3inthethoraxcavityand1inthepelviccavity.PlainCTshowed36lesionswithheterogeneouslowdensitywithnecrosisand cysticdegeneration,and28caseswithcalcifications,2withhomogeneouslowdensity.Thesolidlessionofallcasesshowedprogressive enhancement(4casesshowedslightprogressivecontrastenhancement,11casesshowed moderateenhancement,23casesshowed markedlyenhancement).Peripheralvesselsweredisplacedbytumorin19casesandembeddedbytumorin13cases.13casesshowed thepresenceofsmallvesselsin/aroundthetumorarrangedinclumpsorinline.Conclusion ThespecificCTfindingsofheterogeneouslowdensity withnecrosis,calcifications,peripheralvesselsdisplaced,moderatetomarkedlyprogressiveenhancement,mightbeusefulforthediagnosisofGNB.

Objective:To understand the status of medical science and technology achievement transformation policies in application, this study conducted a descriptive statistical analysis of the collected relevant policy texts according to type, time, and publication sector. On this basis, the X-Y two-dimensional analysis framework of policy texts is constructed using the dual dimensions of Howlett and Ramesh′s policy tool classification and policy development to classify policies into 3 categories: mandatory tools, voluntary tools, and hybrid tools, and to quantify the policy texts on the transformation of medical science and technology achievements, analyze the policy support received in the transformation of medical science and technology achievements and the policy obstacles in the transformation of achievements in China. Finally, this study was aiming to propose targeted countermeasure suggestions.Methods:The texts of medical achievement transformation policies were collected through the official websites of the State Council and the Ministry of Science and Technology, and combined with relevant literature. Research methods such as literature research method and quantitative and qualitative analysis method were applied to conduct the study. The policy samples were coded and organized, and two-dimensional analysis was conducted through the constructed X-Y two-dimensional analysis framework. The texts were quantitatively analyzed through a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods.Results:The results of the analysis of the coded data revealed that the current mandatory tools of China′s medical science and technology achievement transformation policy account for a relatively high proportion, and the use of voluntary tools still needed to be further improved. The use of various policy tools was uneven. The internal structure of various policy tools was also uneven, and there was still room for improvement.Conclusions:Through qualitative and quantitative analysis of the results of the application of medical science and technology achievement transformation policy in China, this paper puts forward 3 countermeasure suggestions: firstly, in the stage of policy strengthening and implementation, the implementation path and scheme of policy tools need to be refined so that the policy can realize implementation. Secondly, the balanced development of various policy tools, the coordination of policy formulation and implementation, the balanced role of mandatory tools, hybrid tools and voluntary tools, and the establishment of a smooth policy system for the transformation of medical science and technology results on this basis to improve the effectiveness of the policy. Thirdly, improve the internal orientation and evaluation mechanism of medical institutions to motivate medical institutions and medical personnel to carry out scientific and technological innovation and transformation work.

OBJECTIVETo explore the current status on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) use for hospitalized acute coronary syndrome patients in China's level 2 hospitals, and to explore associated factors of TCM use for these patients.

METHODSThis survey was performed in 102 level 2 hospitals from 15 provinces or autonomous region in China. Patients admitted to these hospitals with acute coronary syndrome during September 2011 to May 2012 were eligible for this study. Information on TCM use was obtained from their medical records. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used to explore the related factors of TCM use in these patients.

RESULTSWe recruited 5 432 acute coronary syndrome patients in this study, TCM was applied to 3 503 patients (64.5%). Multivariable logistic regression showed that pre-hospital TCM use was positively related with in-hospital TCM use (OR = 2.08, P < 0.01) , while pre-hospital use of 4 medicines recommended by the guidelines(including aspirin/clopidogrel, β acceptor blocker, stain and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin converting enzyme receptor blocker ), being a smoker and diagnosis of myocardial infarction rather than unstable angina at hospital discharge were negatively related with in-hospital TCM use (the ORs were 0.58, 0.78 and 0.71, respectively, all P < 0.01). The TCM use varied significantly between regions. Taking southwest region as a reference, the ORs varied between 2.98-13.37 (all P < 0.01) in eastern China, south China, central China, north China, northwest and northeast regions.

CONCLUSIONSTCM is widely used in hospitalized acute coronary syndrome patients in China's resource-constrained level 2 hospitals. Pre-hospital TCM use is positively correlated with in-hospital TCM use for these patients.

Acute Coronary Syndrome ; drug therapy ; Aged ; China ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) on the fear extinction in mice with chronic social defeat stress (SD). Methods Fifty-six male C57BL/6J mice aged 7-8 weeks were randomly divided into control group,social defeat group,control-SAHA group and social defeat-SAHA group to investigate the effect of SAHA and social defeat group,social defeat-AAV BDNF group and social defeat-AAV blank group to investigate the effect of BDNF. Fear extinction in mice was evaluated by fear conditioning test (FC). The levels of BDNF and HDAC2 in mice hippocampus were detected by Western blot (WB). The expression of BDNF-overexpressing virus in hippocampus of mice was detected by immunofluorescence assay. Results (1) Compared with control group,fear extinction in the social defeat group was significantly decreased (P<0. 05). Compared with control group, the level of HDAC2(0. 50±0. 02) in the social defeat group was significantly increased (P<0. 001),while the level of BDNF(0. 16 ± 0. 03) was significantly decreased (P<0. 001) in the social defeat group. ( 2) After using SAHA,fear extinction of mice significantly improved (P<0. 05). Compared with control group,the level of HDAC2 (0. 26±0. 02) in the control-SAHA group was significantly decreased(P<0. 001),and the level of BDNF (0. 40±0. 03) was significantly increased (P<0. 001). Compared with social defeat group,the level of HDAC2 (0. 39±0. 03) in the social defeat-SAHA group was significantly decreased (P<0. 001),and the lev-el of BDNF (0. 28±0. 01) was significantly increased (P<0. 001). (3)After injection BDNF-overexpressing virus,fear extinction was significantly improved(P<0. 05). Conclusion SAHA can enhance fear extinction in mice with chronic social defeat stress and its mechanism may be related to the up-regulation of BDNF ex-pression in hippocampus by inhibiting HDAC2 in hippocampal.