Objective To investigate the effect of Zhutan Tongluo Tang on the articular cartilage degeneration in a rat osteoar-thritis model ,and explore the potential mechanism .Methods Thirty-healthy SD rats were equally divided into the normal control group ,the model control group and Zhutan Tongluo Tang group .Rats were induced osteoarthritis models with 4% mass fraction of papain .After replication of osteoarthritis models ,Zhutan Tongluo Tang group were given Zhutan Tongluo Tang with 2 mL/(kg · d) ,the model control group were given lavage with normal saline ,the normal control group with rovtine feeding .After treat-ments for 3 months ,the cartilage morphology were observed using HE stains ,and the expression of IL-1β,TNF-α and MMP-3 in synovial fluid were measured by ELISA .Results The degeneration of cartilage in Zhutan Tongluo Tang group was better than the model control group .Compared with the model control group ,the expression levels of IL-1β (12 .13 pg/mL vs .16 .62 pg/mL ) , TNF-α (13 .76 pg/mL vs .18 .26 pg/mL) and MMP-3 (14 .21 ng/mL vs .21 .57 ng/mL) in synovial fluid were significantly de-creased in Zhutan Tongluo Tang group(P<0 .05) .Conclusion Zhutan Tongluo Tang has the function of treating delaying osteoar-thritis cartilage degeneration and decreasing inflammation ,whose mechanism is related to inhibiting the expression of inflammatory cytokines .

OBJECTIVETo analyze the prevalence and characteristics of childhood adverse experiences among adults aged 18-59 years and understand the association between childhood adverse experiences and risk of chronic diseases in adulthood.

METHODSA cross-sectional study was conducted with a questionnaire among adults aged 18-59 years selected through cluster random sampling from 3 communities in Macheng, Hubei province. Uinivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the association between adverse experiences in childhood and the risk of chronic diseases in adulthood.

RESULTSA total of 1 767 adults aged 18-59 years were surveyed and 1 501 valid questionnaires were returned. The average age was (36.32± 10.20) years for males and (35.72±9.08) years for females. The prevalence rate of childhood adverse experiences was 66.22%. The risk of chronic disease in adults increased with the increase of the score indicating childhood adverse experiences (Z=-5.902 1, P<0.000 1). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that being physically abused (OR=1.93, 95% CI: 1.41-2.64), substance abuse in family (OR=2.82, 95% CI: 1.16-6.80), being bullied (OR=2.59, 95% CI: 1.39-4.80) and parents separation/divorce (OR=1.51, 95% CI: 1.09-2.09) were significantly associated with risk of chronic diseases in adulthood.

CONCLUSIONThe prevalence of adverse childhood experiences was high in adults aged 18-59 years, which was significantly associated with the risk of chronic diseases in adulthood. Early prevention of chronic diseases should be conducted in childhood.