Objective To establish a method to evoke cerebral potentials by stimulating nociceptive fibers with contact heat evoked potential stimulator,evaluate the state of nociceptive system in patients with multiple sclerosis and assess the value of the potentials in multiple sclerosis(MS).Methods Thirty-six definite MS patients and 40 sex-,height-and aged-matched healthy persons underwent stimulation of contact heat delivered via a circular thermode to excite selectively nociceptors with a rapid rising time at 70℃/s to elicit pain and contact heat evoked potentiaI(CHEP).Thermal stimuli were sent at two intensity levels (47 ℃ and 51℃)to 3 body sites:volar surface of the forearm,the skin of leg 5 cm proximal to the medial malleolus and lumbar part.The CHEP were recorded from Cz.The relationship between the stimulus intensity and pain rating was observed,and the main components of the evoked potential were recorded.Then,somatosensory evoked potential(SEP)was examined in 36 patients with MS.Results CHEP were elicited reliably and stably in all control subjects.In contrast,in 4 patients there were no recordable CHEP on stimulation of the upper limb,and in some cases of lower limb(n=5).Conduction velocity of Aδ fihers was(18.1±7.3)m/s.The 21 MS cases had hypesthesia in upper limb and 29 cases in lower limb.The visual analog scale(VAS)for pain perception was higher in control subjects(upper limb:8.0±0.7;lower limb:7.9±0.7)than MS with hypesthesia(upper limb:6.1±0.9;lower limb:5.6±1.3,Z=-3.249 and -5.272,both P＜0.01).The group of patients (MS) with hypesthesia(upper limb 17 cases,lower limb 24 cases)had markedly reduced N-P amplitudes(upper limb:(30.5±12.8)μV;lower limb:(28.2±16.2)μV,t=-4.612 and -3.144,both P＜0.01)and prolonged N-wave latencies(upper limb:(387.3±34.2)ms;lower limb:(489.9±70.2)ms,t=4.790 and 4.798,both P＜0.01)compared with the control group in CHEP mediated by Aδ fibers.CHEP abnormality was observed more often in the lower(26/36,72.2%)than the upper limb(16/36,44.4%,P=0.031)and SEP(19/36,52.8%,χ~2=4.261,P=0.039).CHEP were abnormal in 3 of 15 skin areas with clinically normal nociception in upper limb,and in some cases of lower limb(2 of 7).Conclusions CHEP provides a clinically practical,non-invasive and objective measure,and can be a useful additional tool for the assessment of nocieptive system.Combined assessment of other Eps can help to document dissemination of demyelinating CNS lesions and detect subclinical lesions thus contribute to the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.

Objective To explore the effect of light chain gene library slauffling on the affinity of phage engineered antibody against HBsAg. Methods Human antibody light chain gene repertoire generated by RT-PCR from human peripheral blood lymphocyte, was inserted into the phagmid containing Fd gene to construct the phage antibody sublibrary, from which the light chain gene matching the heavy chain Fd gene was screened. Results After three rounds of selection by biopanning, eight clones with higher absorbency than that of original clone at 490nm in ELISA were obtained, indicating that the affinity of chain shuffled phage antibodies (phab) was improved (A_ 490 from 0.43?0.09 to 1.24?0.10). DNA sequencing showed three of the five V_L genes were ? type, and the other two were ? type. Conclusions The phab obtained possesses the specificity of anti-HBsAg property.

Combining theory and practice at home and abroad in recent years ,construction plan of the military infectious diseases syndromic surveillance system was discussed from aspects of data collection and transmission , data analysis and early warning , incident response based on the core business requirements of syndromic surveillance for infectious diseases . The study provides the demand traction for the system construction .

Objective To analyze the epidemiologic characteristics and epidemic intensity of measles in China between 2005 and 2013 , and to provide evidence for reasonable allocation of health resources and measles elimination in China . Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were applied to measles surveillance data and demographic information during this study.Results A total of 597 594 cases, including 366 deaths, were reported from all over China , among whom 355 409 were males (59.47%) and 242 185 were females (40.53%).The average annual incidence was 5.07/100 000 and the average annual mortality was 0.0031/100 000.The majority of cases were children under 10 years old, accouning for 64.64%.Conclusion The incidence of measles in China is decreasing .Measles mainly occurrs in spring and there is significant difference between age and gender groups , and obvious regional differences are also found .

OBJECTIVE： To establish method for simultaneous determination of 7 related substances in solifenacin succinate raw material. METHODS： HPLC method was adopted. The determination was performed on Thermo Hypersil ODS C18 column with mobile phase consisted of 0.02 mol/L KH2PO4 （0.02％ triethylamine， pH＝3.0）-acetonitrile （gradient elution） at the flow rate of 1.2 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 210 nm， and column temperature was 40 ℃. The sample size was 20 μL. The regression equation of solifenacin succinate and impurity A， C， D， I， J， K， L were drawn. Correction factors of impurities to solifenacin succinate were calculated with slope. The contents of impurities A， C， D， I， J， K and L were determined in 3 batches of solifenacin succinate raw material. RESULTS： The linear ranges of impurity A， C， D， I， J， K and L were 0.148 1-0.740 3， 0.142 9-0.714 5， 0.141 1-0.705 6， 0.148 9-0.744 6， 0.152 0-0.759 9， 0.137 9-0.689 6， 0.020 0-0.100 0 μg/mL （r＝0.999 8， 0.999 9 or 1.000 0）， respectively. The relative correction factors were 0.51， 0.40， 0.41， 0.91， 0.47， 0.85， 1.23. The limits of detection were 0.049 3， 0.047 6， 0.047 0， 0.048 1， 0.050 7， 0.046 0， 0.006 7   μg/mL. The quantification limits were 0.148 1， 0.142 9， 0.141 1， 0.148 9， 0.152 0， 0.137 9， 0.020 0 μg/mL， respectively. RSDs of precision， stability （24 h） and reproducibility tests were all lower than 5.0％ （n＝6）. Average recoveries were 101.09％， 97.58％， 93.77％， 98.56％， 99.68％， 97.07％ and 93.54％； RSDs were 0.75％ ， 0.51％， 0.47％， 0.84％， 0.70％， 0.75％， 1.21％ （n＝9）. The contents of impurity I in 3 batches of solifenacin succinate raw material were 0.015％-0.018％， other impurities were not detected. CONCLUSIONS： The method is sensitive， accurate and reliable， which can be used to determine the related substances of solifenacin succinate raw material.