Objective To investigate the species and drug resistance of pathogens causing bloodstream infections in hospitalized patients,and provide scientific evidence for antimicrobial use and control of healthcare-associated blood-stream infection.Methods From January 1 to December 31,2012,16 428 blood specimens were performed blood culture,pathogens were isolated and performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing.Results Of 16 428 blood speci-mens from 5 546 patients,384 (6.92%)were positive for blood culture,398 pathogenic isolates were detected,of which gram-positive bacteria,gram-negative bacteria,and fungi accounted for 23.62% (n=94),68.34% (n=272),and 8.04% (n=32)respectively,positive rate of blood culture were highest in 61-80 age group(8.26%), the top five departments of positive rate of blood culture were departments of burn,traditional Chinese medicine, cardiac intensive care unit,transplantation and traumatology;gram-positive cocci were highly susceptible to vanco-mycin,teicoplanin and linezolid,one Enterococcus faecium strain was found to be resistant to vancomycin;Among gram-negative bacilli,Enterobacteriaceae were highly susceptible to amikacin and carbapenems;drug resistance rates of Acinetobacterbaumannii and Pseudomonasaeruginosa to carbapenems was 70.97% and 35.90% respective-ly.Conclusion Gram-negative bacteria are the major pathogens causing bloodstream infection,positive rate of blood culture of elderly people is high.It is necessary to conduct regular surveillance on distribution and drug resistance of pathogens.

Objective To evaluate the practicability of CHROMagar orientation medium combined with simple biochemical tests for identification of common oxidase-negtive gram-negative bacilli.Methods The CHROMagar orientation medium was used together with biochemical tests including indole test , ornithine decarboxylase test and lysine decarboxylase test for identification of common oxidase -negtive gram-negative bacilli.The sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratio, Youden index and Kappa value of the diagnostic assays were evaluated .McNemar test was performed to evaluate facticity, accuracy and cost of the method in com-parison with the Vitek-2 system as reference method .Results The identification of oxidase-negtive gram-negative bacilli from 318 bacterial strains showed that the sensitivities and specificities of CHROMagar orien-tation mediumm in combination with simple biochemical tests to Serratia marcescens, Stenotrophomonas mal-tophilia and Acinetobacter baumannii reached 100%, and for Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes and Klebsiella pneumoiae were above 90%.The specificities for identification of Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Citrobacter freundii and Proteus mirabilis were all above 90%, but the sensitivities were around 75%-90%.Kappa values of the assays were above 0.85, howerer, which was only 0.5947 for Citrobacter freundii.McNemar test showed that all P values were above 0.05, and cost of the assays was reduced by 90%.Conclusion CHROMagar orientation medium in combination with simple biochemical tests is a cost-effective assay for identification of common oxidase-negtive gram-negative bacilli .

Objective To obsevre the peptidyl-prolyi isomerase 1 (PIN1) and Nanog expreesions in glioma tissues and the effect of PIN1 inhibitor polyiso-butylene (PiB) on their expressions and U87 cell proliferation.Methods Eighty-four glioma samples (15 with WHO graded Ⅱ,27 with WHO graded Ⅲ and 42 with WHO graded Ⅳ),collected in our hospital from March 2013 to August 2014,were chosen in our study; their expressions of PIN1 and Nanog were detected by immunohistochemical staining; U87 glioblastoma cell lines were cultured; 0.2,0.5,1.0 and 2.0 μg/mL PiB was given to the cells for 24 and 48 h,and then,MTT assay was employed to detect the inhibited effect and inhibition ratio was calculated; 1.0 μmol/L PiB group (U87 cells treated with 1.0 μmol/L PiB for 24 h) and control group (U87 cells without any treatment) were chosen,immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the PIN1 and Nanog protein expressions,and real time-PCR and Western blotting were employed to observe the mRNA and protein expressions of PIN1 and Nanog.Results The positive protein expression rate of PIN1 and Nanog in gliomas of different grades (WHO graded Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ) was significantly different (P＜0.05):the higher the malignancy grade,the higher the rate of positive protein expression of PIN1 and Nanog.MTT assay indicated that PiB could inhibit the cell proliferation in dose-and concentration-dependent manners; as compared with the control group,1.0 μmol/L PiB group had significantly decreased percentages of PIN1+,Nanog+ and PIN1+/Nanog+ cells (P＜0.05); the mRNA PIN1 expression quantity in the control group and 1.0 μmol/L PiB group was 1.82±0.03 and 0.94±0.20,and that of Nanog was 1.47±0.04 and 0.82±0.19,with significant differences (P＜0.05); the protein PIN1 expression quantity in the control group and 1.0 μmol/L PiB group was 2.96±0.05 and 1.15±0.26,and that of Nanog was 1.52±0.16 and 0.75±0.05,with significant differences (P＜0.05).Conclusion PIN1 and Nanog play important roles in the pathogenesis of human gliomas and are related to the glioma malignancy; PIN1 may participate in the regulation of Nanog,and there is a pathway between the two genes; the glioma cell proliferation ability is suppressed by down-regulating the PIN1-Nanog expression.