It is generally considered that there were no synovial membranes covering the surfaces of the meniscus. Therefore, the existence of synovial membrane is of importance in the repairing of menisci (20 menisci altogether) studied by using histological methods. The staining methods included hematoxylin and eosin(HE), Mallory and VG(van Gieson)specific technique. The main results are as follows:1. On the horizontal sections of the menisci, it shows clearly that the synovial membranes at the interior margin of the menisci is different from that of the other part.2. On the frontal section of the menisci, there are synovial membranes covering the superior and inferior surfaces of the menisci, especially evident on the inferior surface.3. On the other section of the menisci, it is observed that the synovial membrane of capsule is closely associated with that of menisci. The latter is the continuation of the former.4. On sections to which Mallory and VG staining methods were applied, the synovial that covered the menisci were observed to be the continuation of that the capsule.

By means of animal experiment, the effect of Chinese medical herbs on the healing of incisedwound made on lateral meniscus of the rabbit and the histological observation are described asfollows: 1. Blood vessels were abundant at the junction of the margin of the meniscus and the jointcapsule. Small vessels were seen at the lateral 3rd of the meniscus. Capillaries with red cells inthem were present in the middle 3rd. No nervedistribution was found in the parenchyma. Both thefemoral and tibial surfaces of the cartilage were covered by synovial membrane. 2. The portion of the incision on the margin of the meniscus was already healed. The portion ofthe incision on the main part of the meniscus was likely to heal later, since there were granulationtissues formed by foreign body giant cells and blood vessels were observed. Capillaries were dilatedand congested with red cells in them. 3. At the middle and the medial parts of the incision, where blood vessels were less or absent,chondrocytes showed nest and column shaped proliferaion, collagen fibers became enlarged andinterlaced and the wound completely healed. This could be due to the capacity of proliferationof the synovial membrane, of synovial cells in the synovial fluid and of the meniscus itself; thiscould also be due to the effect of Chinese medical herbs. Through this experiment, it is believed that Chinese medical herbs are helpful in the improve-ment of local blood circulation and thereby have a good effect on the repair of meniscus injury andregeneration of blood vessels.

This study is to explore the effects of quercetin (QUE) on the 3 week-old mice ovarian development and relative hormone levels. The 3 week-old mice were exposed to QUE (45, 25, and 5 mg x kg(-1) x hd(-1)) by gavage for 50 days. The estrous cycle during 50 days and the changes of hormone level such as FSH, LH, etc were monitored. Moreover, the ovaries were removed after sacrifice. The organ index was measured, and the ratios of different stages of follicles were analyzed by HE staining. Furthermore, the proportion of PCNA positive cells during all stages was detected by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that QUE could increase body weight of mice and reduce the anogenital distance (AGD) to some extent, and was able to disrupt mice's estrous cycle, but it could not extend or reduce the cycle regularity. It increased ovarian organ index with a dose-dependent manner. The proportion of the primordial follicle and secondary follicles rose obviously, and that of mature follicles', atretic follicles' and corpus luteums' reduced, while primordial follicle had no change. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that QUE could effectively increase the percentage of proliferating cells in all kinds of follicles. Serum hormone assay showed that there were significant changes of FSH and LH levels. In summary, QUE showed an estrogen-like effect on mice's ovarian development. The weight of ovary, the proportion of all kinds of follicles, the development of ovarian cells and the level of plasma hormone in mice were altered obviously by oral administration of QUE.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)for discriminating orbital lymphomas from other orbital mass lesions.Methods In this prospective study,87 subjects (22 orbital lymphomas and 65 other orbital mass lesions) were enrolled.These patients underwent serial MR and echo-planar DW imaging examination of the orbits with b values of 0 and 700 s/mm2 at 1.5 T MR (GE Signa Excite).ADC maps were reconstructed,and the ADC values of the orbital masses were calculated.Mass ADC was also compared with that of normal-appearing white matter (ADC ratio,ADCR).The receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) were constructed using optimal cut point of ADC and ADCR to differentiate between orbital lymphomas and other orbital mass lesions.The areas under the ROC curve for ADC and ADCR were also calculated.Results The mean ADC and ADCR of orbital lymphomas were (0.77 ± 0.17) × 10-3 mm2/s and 0.89 ± 0.21,respectively.The mean ADC and ADCR of other orbital mass lesions were (1.36 ± 0.38) × 10-3 mm2/s and 1.51 ± 0.43,respectively.Lymphomas had lower ADCs and ADCRs than other orbital mass lesions (t =-9.620,-9.003,P =0.000).The areas under the ROC curves of ADC and ADCR diagnosing lymphoma were 0.94±0.03 and 0.91 ±0.03,respectively.An ADC of less than 0.804 × 10-3 mm2/sec and ADCR of less than O.956 were optimal for predicting lymphoma (sensitivity,77.3％ for both; specificity,98.4％ and 92.3 ％,respectively ; and accuracy,93.1％ and 88.5 ％,respectively).Compared with pathological results,both ADC and ADCR had high correlations (Kappa values were 0.806 and 0.696,respectively).Conclusion Diffusion-weighted imaging can be applied as a complementary tool in the detection of orbital lymphomas.

Objective:To compare the dosimetric differences between the VenusX accelerator with an orthogonal dual-layer multi-leaf collimator (MLC) and the Varian′s CLINAC IX and EDGE accelerators with a single-layer MLC for hippocampus protection in the whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT).Methods:Forty patients with multiple brain metastases admitted to the Radiotherapy Department of the Shanghai General Hospital from June 2021 to February 2023 were selected in this study. Three whole-brain treatment plans were designed based on the above three accelerators for each patient. Under the same prescription dose, radiation field, and plan constraints, the three plans were compared in terms of the dosimetric differences in target volumes, hippocampi, and adjacent organs at risk (OARs), as well as the execution efficiency.Results:For the planning target volume (PTV), there were statistically significant differences in approximate maximum dose ( D2) between the VenusX and IX plans ( t = 4.94, P < 0.05), in approximate minimum dose ( D98) between the VenusX and EDGE plans ( t = 5.98, P < 0.05), in the target conformity indices (CIs) between VenusX plan and EDGE plans, and between the VenusX and IX plans ( t = -6.84, -14.30; P < 0.05), and dose homogeneity indices (HIs) between the VenusX and IX plans ( t = 3.48, P < 0.05). For OARs, the maximum doses ( Dmax) and average doses ( Dmean) to bilateral hippocampi of the VenusX plan were lower than those of the EDGE and IX plans ( t = 8.59-17.11, P < 0.05); the maximum doses ( Dmax) to bilateral lenses, bilateral optic nerves, and optic chiasma of the VenusX plan were lower than those of the other two plans ( t = 2.10-20.80, P < 0.05); and the differences between the maximum doses ( Dmax) to the brain stem of the VenusX and EDGE plans were statistically significant ( t = 3.86, P < 0.05). In terms of plan execution efficiency, the number of machine jumps (MU) and the treatment time of the VenusX plan were higher than those of the EDGE and IX plans, with statistically significant differences ( t = -56.48, -56.90, P < 0.05). Conclusions:The doses to target volumes of the three treatment plans all meet the prescription requirements, and the VenusX plan outperforms the EDGE and IX plans in the protection of OARs. Despite the reduced execution efficiency, the VenusX plan shortens the actual treatment time by improving the dosage rate, thus meeting the clinical requirements.

Objective To compare the effects of different respiratory signal acquisition methods on the delineation of moving tumor targets. Methods A cube phantom containing a sphere was placed on a motion platform to simulate respiratory movement by setting motion period, frequency, and direction. Respiratory signal was acquired by real-time position management (RPM) method and GE method independently. Target delineation was conducted using the maximum intensity projection (MIP) sequence. The difference between the reconstructed volume and the theoretical moving volume was compared under the two respiratory signal acquisition methods for cube and sphere targets. Results Under the same respiratory signal acquisition method, the same respiratory amplitude, and different respiratory frequencies, reconstructed volume changes were relatively small. For the sphere target, the deviation between the reconstructed volume and the theoretical moving volume was −1.5% to 5.7% with the RPM method and −1.3% to −13.8% with the GE method (both P < 0.05). For the cube target, the deviation between the reconstructed volume and the theoretical moving volume was 0.2% to 0.9% with the RPM method and −2.6% to 0.9% with the GE method, with no statistical significance. Conclusion For small-volume sphere targets, the target volumes obtained from MIP images by the two respiratory signal acquisition methods are both smaller than the actual moving volume. For large-volume cube targets, there is no significant difference between the reconstructed and theoretical results with any respiratory signal acquisition method. The RPM method produces smaller deviation and better image quality when reconstructing small-volume targets.

Purpose/Significance To meet the urgent needs of mass data analysis and application in the biomedical field and solve the problems such as the lack of standardized management of data analysis and utilization tools.Method/Process The paper comprehen-sively analyzes and summarizes the construction ideas,methods and technical realization of the tool standardization collection,manage-ment and shared utilization of ELIXIR's biomedical data tool service platform system.Some suggestions are put forward from the aspects of ecosystem construction,management norms,operation environment management,benchmark testing and verification,technology renewal strategy and community-driven innovation.Result/Conclusion The useful experience in the construction of ELIXIR's data tool service platform system is learned to provide comprehensive references for the standardized management of biomedical data analysis and utilization tools and service platform construction in China.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of gemcitabine combined with ifosfamide (GI regimen)in patients with recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma after failure of platinum-based chemotherapy.

METHODSThe clinical data of 27 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients, who received GI regimen between April 2005 and March 2014 after failure of prior platinum-based chemotherapy, were retrospectively reviewed,and relevant prognostic factors were explored.

RESULTSAll patients were evaluable for efficacy and toxicity. No patient achieved complete response (CR). Partial response (PR) was achieved in ten patients, stable disease (SD) in thirteen patients, progressive disease (PD) in four patients, with a response rate of 37.0% and an overall disease control rate (PR+SD) of 85.2%. For ten PR patients, the median duration of response was 5.5 months. The median progression-free survival of the whole group was 6.7 months, and the Kaplan-Meier estimate of median overall survival was 17.4 months. The 1-year survival rate was 72.6%. Toxicity was mainly hematological: Grade III or IV anemia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were found in 3.7%, 37.0% and 18.5% of all patients, respectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that dose intensity of gemcitabine was a significant prognostic factor for PFS, whereas salvage treatment after failure of GI regimen was a significant prognostic factor for OS.

CONCLUSIONSGemcitabine and ifosfamide combination is effective and well tolerated by patients with advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma pretreated with platinum-based chemotherapy. Further clinical study is warranted.

Anemia ; chemically induced ; Antineoplastic Agents ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Carcinoma ; Deoxycytidine ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; analogs & derivatives ; Disease-Free Survival ; Humans ; Ifosfamide ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Induction Chemotherapy ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; mortality ; pathology ; Neutropenia ; chemically induced ; Platinum ; therapeutic use ; Remission Induction ; Salvage Therapy ; Survival Rate ; Thrombocytopenia ; chemically induced ; Treatment Failure

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR TKIs) on patients with lung adenosquamous carcinoma, and to analyze relative factors. Methods: From August 2007 to July 2017, 40 patients who were pathologically diagnosed as lung adenosquamous carcinoma in our hospital and received EGFR TKIs treatment were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent EGFR mutation detection, resulted in 11 wild type, 13 19Del, 13 21L858R mutations, and 3 uncommon EGFR mutations in 20 exon and 19/21 complex mutation. A higher frequency of EGFR mutation was found in non-smokers and patients with adenocarcinoma components over 50.0%. Results: Twenty-six (65.0%) patients had disease progression after EGFR TKIs treatment, with a median progression-free survival (PFS) of 5.5 months (95% CI 0.52-10.49 months). A total of 20 (50.0%) patients died with an median overall survival (OS) of 15 months (95% CI 11.03-18.97 months). Multivariate analysis showed that gender, age, smoking, histopathological subtypes, EGFR mutations, and brain metastasis had no influence on PFS (all P>0.05). Gender, age, smoking, histopathological subtypes, and the presence of brain metastasis during TKI treatment had no influence on OS (P>0.05), while EGFR mutation is the only influencing factor of OS (P<0.05) in the current study. Conclusions EGFR TKIs had modest efficacy in lung adenosquamous carcinoma, especially in patients with EGFR mutation. Based on the pathological features, EGFR mutation and EGFR TKIs treatment should be introduced into the routine clinical practice to improve the survival of patients with lung adenosquamous carcinoma.

Objective: Adenosquamous carcinoma of lung is an uncommon subtype with more aggressive behavior and poor prognosis than adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. This study was aimed to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors of lung adenosquamous carcinoma. Methods: The pathological features and follow-up data of 133 patients were collected and the prognostic factors of these patients were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Among the 133 patients, 81 cases (60.9%) smoked. Among the 62 patients whose percentage of histological components were identified, 45 cases had >50% adenocarcinoma components, and 17 cases had >50% squamous cell carcinoma components. 55 patients had lymph node metastasis at the first visit. All patients accepted at least one test of tumor driven gene mutation, and the results showed that the mutation rate of EGFR was 50.8% (67/132), the mutation rate of K-ras was 8.6% (11/128), the ALK-positive rate was 4.2% (2/48). The gender, smoking status, and the proportion of pathological components were the main influence factors of EGFR mutation status. The median overall survival was 28 months, the rates of 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival were 72.9%, 23.3%, and 9.0%, respectively. EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) treatment was an independent risk factor for prognose of these patients (P=0.024). Conclusions Lung adenosquamous carcinoma is a rare subtype with high malignancy and poor prognosis. Early diagnosis and driven-mutation-based individualized therapy may improve the survival of patients with lung adenosquamous carcinoma.