In recent years, a large number of studies have found that central lymph node metastasis of the papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) is significantly related with some risk factors.These high risk factors include age below 45 years old, BRAF gene mutation, vascular epithelial growth factor-C high expression, tumor diameter≥5 mm, multifocal and bilateral tumor, thyroid capsule invasion and so on.These high risk factors involve in disease process, and interact with each other.The studies of the high risk factors can help us to predict the risk of central lymph node metastasis in the patients with PTMC, thus to effectively guide the patients' treatment.

Objective To investigate the role of sitting-up-straight position in correction of peripherally inserted central catheter(PICC)heterotopia.Method Eighteen cases with PICC heterotopia were instructed to take the position of sitting up straight. Result All of the patients had the PICC heterotopia corrected.Conclusions The sitting-up-straight position can effectively correct the PICC catheter heterotopia.This method is simple and feasible and thus worthy of clinical application.

Objective:This work aims to explore the long-term efficacy and complications of late-course accelerated hyperfrac-tionation (LCAHF) for treating nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods:A total of 58 patients who consulted from December 2005 to May 2008 and histologically proven nasopharyngeal carcinoma at initial diagnosis were randomized into an LCAHF group (experimental group) and a conventional fractionation (CF) group (control group). The treatment dose for both groups was 2 Gy per fraction once dai-ly, 5 days a week. After the 40 Gy to 50 Gy dose, the dosage in the LCAHF group was increased to two daily doses at 1.5 Gy per frac-tion 6 h apart, 5 days a week. The total dose in this group was 73 Gy to 76 Gy, the total dose in the CF group was 70 Gy to 76 Gy, with the total course of the treatment shortened by 0.5 weeks to 1.5 weeks in the former group. Results:The 5-year control rates of the naso-pharyngeal cancers was 86% in the LCAHF group and 59% in the CF group (P=0.021), with statistically significant differences be-tween the two groups. The late complications slightly increased in the LCAHF group than in the CF group, but the differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion:LCAHF treatment improves the local control of nasopharyngeal carcinoma without increasing the incidence of long-term complications.

BACKGROUND: Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a non-inflammatory, bilaterally progressive, retinal degeneration characterized by loss of photoreceptor cells via an apoptotic mechanism, and it eventually leads to blindness.Research shows that the traditional Chinese medicines of Astragalus has great prospect on blocking the progression of RP disease.OBJECTIVE: To observe the protective effect of Astragalus on N-methylN-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced retinal damage in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and provide the optimal treatment for RP in humans.DESIGN: Randomized controlled experiment.SETTING: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical College.MATERIALS :The experiment was completed in Pharmacological Laboratory of Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University between March to December 2004. Totally 114 female SD rats were purchased from the Animal Center of Zhongshan Medical College, Sun Yat-sen University.MNU was purchased from Sigma Company of America. Astragalus injection was purchased from Chengdu Diao Jiuhong Pharmaceutical Factory (Batch No. Z99060535, 2 mL/ampoule, main ingredient: Astragalus).METHODS: Among 114rats, 30 were for morphometric analysis of retinal layers, 30 were for detection of apoptosis and 54 were for detection of NF-κB p65 activity. All of them were randomly divided into different groups and each group had 6 rats. Astragalus at doses of 2.5, 5 and 10 g/kg were injected intraperitoneally into 47-day rats once a day. Meanwhile, a single intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg MNU was given to 50-day rats in model and Astragalus groups. At different intervals after MNU treatment,the animals were sacrificed. Retinal damage was evaluated based on retinal thickness, the apoptotic index of the photoreceptor cells was detected by TUNEL labeling and the DNA-binding activity of NF-κB p65 was analyzed according to transcription factor assay kit.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Comparison of retinal thickness, apoptotic index and the activity of nuclear NF-κB p65.RESULTS: Totally 114 rats entered the result analysis. Pretreatment with Astragalus could dose-dependently suppress MNU-induced photoreceptor cell loss and decreased the apoptotic index. Astragalus at dose of 10 g/kg also time-dependently up-regulated the activity of nuclear NF-κB p65.However, protective effect of Astragalus on MNU-induced central retinal damage was not found.CONCLUSION: Astragalus partially protects against MNU-induced retinal damage by up-modulating the activity of nuclear NF-κB p65 to inhibit apoptosis of photoreceptor cells in a dose-dependent manner.

BACKGROUND:Effective sorting of prostate cancer stem cels is the basis of experimental studies in prostate cancer developing. The most common sorting method is magnetic-activated cel sorting. OBJECTIVE:To separate CD133+/CD44+ cels in prostate cancer tissues using self-designed magnetic beads folowed by culture, passage and immunological identification. METHODS:Self-designed magnetic microspheres were applied to establish immunomagnetic beads to sort CD133+/CD44+ cels in prostate cancer tissues. The sorted cels were cultured in serum-free medium. The sphere formation, cel morphology, and proliferation ability after cel passage were statisticaly compared between the sorted cels and the normal tumor cel lines. Immunofluorescence detection was performed to detect the expression of specific antibodies. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Self-designed immunomagnetic beads had smal diameter and a high-sorting effect. The sorted cels possessed a high capacity of microsphere formation. After cel culture and passage, the cels highly expressed CD133 and CD44 antigens. The sorted cels with no induction had varying shapes and grew vigorously. After induction with transforming growth factor-β, the cultured cels were noted to have a single shape and grow slowly. The cel proliferation ability of sorted cels in these two groups differed significantly from that of the normal cancer cel lines (bothP < 0.05). In conclusion, the CD133+/CD44+ cels sorted from prostate tumor cels possessed cel morphology and function characteristics of stem cels which can provide a basis for extraction and culture of prostate cancer stem cels. Cite this article:Gong R, Li SY, Huo ZX, Ding H, Sun EL. Extraction of prostate cancer stem cels using self-designed magnetic beads. Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu. 2016;20(1):36-41.

This study is to investigate the effect of the major chemical composition in rhizome of Pterocypsela elata, lactuside B, on expression of bcl-2, bax mRNA and their protein in rats' cerebral cortex after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. First, middle cerebral artery ischemia-reperfusion injury model was established, and each group was treated with the corresponding medicines. Animals were separately sacrificed at 24 h and 72 h. The brain infarct volumes were detected by TTC dye, bcl-2 and bax mRNA expression was checked by RT-PCR, and the proteins of bcl-2 and bax were explored by two-step immunohistochemistry in cerebral cortex of rats. Lactuside B can reduce brain infarct volume of cerebral cortex of rats, increase the expression of bcl-2 mRNA and decrease that of bax mRNA. Moreover, the ratio of bcl-2 to bax mRNA is higher in 12.5 and 25 mg kg(-1) dose group, respectively, which is significantly different from that of model group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Generally, either 12.5 or 25 mg kg(-1) dose group is better than positive control medicine nimodipine (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). In addition, the expression of bcl-2 and bax protein is consistent with their gene expression. Infarct volume and the ratio of bcl-2 to bax mRNA expression are significantly different (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) between 72 h and 24 h group. The results demonstrated that lactuside B could play a good role in resisting cerebral ischemia by upregulating the expression of bcl-2 mRNA and protein and downregulating that of bax mRNA and protein.

ObjectiveTo discuss the benefits of nipple-areola complex(NAC) preseving radical modified mastectomy and immediate reconstruction with latissimus dorsi fat flap for early breast cancer. MethodsFrom Jan 2006 to Dec 2008, 16 patients underwent NAC preseving modified radical mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction with latissimus dorsi fat flap.ResultsAll patients recovered smoothly.No fat flap or back skin necrosis happened.The reconstructed breasts had good apperance with 93.8％ satisfaction rate.During the follow-up of 44 months (ranging from 36 to 60 months), all patients were disease-free.ConclusionsThe operation of NAC preseving modified radical mastectomy and immediate reconstruction with latissimus dorsi fat flap is safe and effective.It can improve the life quality of patients by satisfing the needs of both beauty and tumor resection.

AIM:To investigate the effects of nodosin extracted from Chinese traditional medicine on the pro-liferation of HepG2 cells cultured in vitro and to detect the protein expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in HepG2 cells.METH-ODS:HepG2 cells were treated with different concentrations (1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 μmol/L) of nodosin for 24 h. The morphological changes of HepG2 cells were observed under inverted microscope.The inhibitory rates of HepG2 cell growth were detected by MTT assay.The apoptotic rates and the protein expression of Bcl-2 and Bax were analyzed by flow cytometry.RESULTS:Shrunken and suspended HepG2 cells increased with the increases in the concentrations of nodo-sin.The apoptotic rates and the expression of Bax increased with the increases in the doses of nodosin, while the expression of Bcl-2 decreased.CONCLUSION:Nodosin inhibits the growth of HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner.The inhibi-tion of HepG2 cell growth is induced by decreasing Bcl-2 and increasing Bax, thus promoting cell apoptosis.

To study the mechanism of injection of sinomenine (Sinomenine,SIN)into Jiaji point in the treatment of L1-L5 segment Compression of fracture spine (VCF) in rabbits.Methods:54 rabbits were randomly divided into blank control group,model group and sinomenine group (group SIN)by the random number table.All the 2 groups established L1-L5 segment VCF model except the blank control group.After molding,the SIN group was injected SIN at both sides of the L1-L5 section of the vertebral column,the model group and the blank control group were injected the same volume of physiological saline as comparison.The 3 groups were treated for 4 weeks.Fracture of vertebral bone growth differentiation factor 2 (Growth differentiation,FACTOR2,GDF2),vascular endothelial growth factor (Vascular endothelial,growth factor,VEGF) and the expression of VEGF-mRNA were determined by immunohistochemical staining method;in venous blood,activities of nitric oxide (Nitric oxide NO),super oxide dissuade (Super oxide dims,unties,SOD) and bone protection Su (OPG) were detected by ELISA;immunofluorescence was used to measure two chitosan,image analysis method was used to detect spinal bone density in L1-L5 segment,the ELISA was used to detect inflammatory factor interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta),IL-6 beta,beta IL-17 in the spinal disc.Results:compared with the model group,in the SIN group,VEGF,VEGFmRNA and GDF2 in L1-L5 segment of spine were highly expressed,and the bone density increased (P＜0.05);two chitosan in intervertebral disc increased,IL-1beta,IL-6 beta,IL-17 beta,(P＜ 0.05);NO in venous blood decreased OPG,SOD increased (P＜0.05),the differences were statistically significant.Conclusion:injection of SIN into Jiaji can promote the healing of VCF in L1-L5 segment in rabbits.

Objective To investigate prevalence and epidemiologic features of Saffold virus (SAFV) in hospitalized children with acute respiratory infection or digestive tract infection Tianjin area. Methods Nasopharyngeal aspirates from children with acute respiratory infection and fecal samples from children with digestive tract infection in Tianjin Children ’s Hospital were collected from January 2013 to December 2013. Viral nucleic acid was extracted, and SAFV infection was determined by using real-time quantitative PCR. Positive PCR products were sequenced. The sequencing results were aligned with known gene sequences of SAFV sequences in GenBank. The positive viral infection rate of nasopharyngeal aspirates and fecal samples, viral positive constituent ratio and positive detection rate in different age groups, seasonal distribution of SAFV infection were calculated. Other common respiratory tract or digestive tract viruses were also detected. Results Fourty-three (11.9%) nasopharyngeal aspirates from children with acute respiratory infection tested positive for SAFV. There was no significant difference between male and female infected children (aged between 6 d and 12 years old). The 79%(34/43) of the patients with SAFV infection aged under 1 year old. The infection most occurred in summer and winter. The 63 (16.4%) fecal samples from children with digestive tract infection tested positive for SAFV. There was significant difference between male and female infected children (aged between 5 h and 11 years old). SAFV infection was found to be year round. There was no significant difference in different age groups of nasopharyngeal aspirates and fecal samples. The mixed infection rate with SAFV and other respiratory tract or digestive tract viruses were 7.0%(3/43)and 12.7%(8/63), respectively. Conclusion Infection of SAFV had occurred in children with acute respiratory infection or digestive tract infection in Tianjin. SAFV has high detection rate in these children and is more common in children
aged under 1 year old. The data suggest that some of acute respiratory infection or digestive tract infections in pediatric patients are related to SAFV. The Clinical doctors should pay attention to them .