Ginsenoside Rb1 is a representative component of panaxadiol saponins, which belongs to dammarane-type tritepenoid saponins and mainly exists in family araliaceae. It has been reported that ginsenoside Rb1 has diverse biological activities. In this paper, the research development in recent decade on its pharmacological effects of cardiovascular system, anti-senility, reversing multidrug resistance of tumor cells, adjuvant anti-cancer chemotherapy, promoting peripheral nerve regeneration, et al, are reviewed.
Aging ; drug effects ; Animals ; Cardiovascular System ; drug effects ; pathology ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; drug effects ; Ginsenosides ; metabolism ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Nerve Regeneration ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of Gemin3 in cell proliferation and its regulation pathway.

METHODSUsing co-immunoprecipitation and GST pull-down assay to determine the domain of Gemin3 and p53 binding and interaction in vitro and in vivo. To check the effect of Gemin3 on p53 by luciferase reporter assay. Stable Gemin3 knock-down cell lines were generated by lentivirus-delivered small hairpin RNA then puromycin selection. Real-time PCR was used to confirm the effect of Gemin3 level on p53 and its downstream genes, and flow cytometry was used to analyze the effect of Gemin3 on apoptosis.

RESULTSThe C-terminal of Gemin3 interacted with the DNA binding domain of p53. The p53 reporter gene, PA3M-p53 and increasing amount of GFP-Gemin3 were co-transfected into Saos-2 cells. Gemin3 repressed p53 expression at transcription level. Real-time PCR indicated that the expression of p53, p21 and Bax in Gemin3 knock-down cells was higher than that in the control cells. Western blot showed Gemin3 knock-down cells had a higher p53 espression. Flow cytometric assay showed that knock-down Gemin3 expression led to an increased cell apoptosis.

CONCLUSIONGemin3 binds with p53 forming a complex and plays an anti-apoptotic role by repressing the p53 expression.

Apoptosis ; B-Lymphocytes ; cytology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DEAD Box Protein 20 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Genes, Reporter ; Humans ; Immunoprecipitation ; Lentivirus ; genetics ; Osteosarcoma ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Plasmids ; Protein Binding ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Transfection ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; genetics ; metabolism ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; genetics ; metabolism

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is an effective method for the treating of malignant diseases of hematopoietic system or non-malignant proliferative diseases, but the occurrence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) limits the success rate of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Moreover, chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is the main factor affecting the long-term survival rate and life quality of recipient after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In this article, the latest research progress of the pathogenesis of cGVHD and related problems are reviewed from the thymus, cytokines, T lymphocyte subsets, B lymphocytes and its secreted antibody.
Chronic Disease ; Graft vs Host Disease ; immunology ; pathology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Transplantation, Homologous

Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is the major complication associated with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) and the major cause of morbidity and mortality following allo-HSCT. Diagnosis of aGVHD is typically based on clinical symptoms and confirmed by biopsy. Once aGVHD has occurrence, the steroids should be the first choice of treatment. However, if the treatment with steroids failed, the prognosis would be poor. In recent years, the novel strategies for the treatment of aGVHD have been developed. In this article, the clinical features, pathogenesis and novel strategies, including mAb treatment, physical and cell therapies are briefly summarized.
Acute Disease ; Graft vs Host Disease ; therapy ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Transplantation, Homologous ; adverse effects

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of different irradiation doses on the establishment of murine cGVHD model after MHC matched spleen stem cell transplantation. The male mouse BALB/c(H)-2d was totally irradiated with different radiation dose of (60)Co (TBI), then was infused with the same number of splenocytes from MHC matched DBA/2 male mice. After transplantation, the bodyweight, general appearance, hair changes, survival time and pathological damage were observed. The results indicated that compared to the control group (0 Gy) and the 7.0 Gy group, the mice irradiated with 7.5 Gy and 8.0 Gy showed cGVHD symptoms and obvious pathological damage. At the end of experiments (60 d after transplantation), all mice irradiated by 7.5 Gy survived while only 60% animals survived in the 8.0 Gy group. It is concluded that under infusion of 10(8) MHC matched splenocytes per mouse, 7.5 Gy irradiation is appropriate to efficiently establish cGVHD model. This study laid an important foundation for further studying the pathogenesis, biological characteristics, and intervention factors of cGVHD.
Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Graft Survival ; radiation effects ; Graft vs Host Disease ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred DBA ; Radiation Dosage ; Spleen ; cytology ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Transplantation Conditioning ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Whole-Body Irradiation

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes of physiological activities and functions in vitro of apheresis platelets during storage.

METHOD17 units of apheresis platelets were randomly chosen and stored at 20 °C to 24 °C with agitation. Platelet counting (Plt), mean platelet volume (MPV), blood gases, pH value, glucose (Glu) concentration, lactate (LA) concentration, LDH concentration, thromboelastogram (TEG), hypotonic shock response (HSR), CD62p expression rate and anew expression rate were measured on days 0, 1, 3, 5 after platelet storage. Changes of physiological activities and functions in vitro were systematically evaluated by above-mentioned indexes.

RESULTSDuring storage, Plt, MPV and HSR were not significantly changed; but pH value, blood gases, Glu, LA, LDH, HSR, expression rate of CD62p and anew expression rate were significant differenty. Among thromboelastogram indexes, R value increased obviously with prolongation of storage time; K value and αAngle were not significantly changed; MA was not significantly changed on day 1 and 3, but was slightly increase on day 5.

CONCLUSIONThe physiological activities and functions in vitro of apheresis platelets are kept well during storage. For clinical transfusion of apheresis platelet during storage, clinical effect of transfusione is not influenced.

Blood Platelets ; Blood Preservation ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Platelet Count ; Plateletpheresis ; Thrombelastography

Objectives: To analyze the incidence, blood lipid levels and cardiovascular disease of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) in dyslipidemia patients receiving lipid-lowing therapy from the DYSIS-China. Methods: Dyslipidemia International Study-China (DYSIS-China) database was re-analyzed according to the criteria of "Chinese guidelines for prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia in adults-2016 version". DYSIS-China database included 25 317 dyslipidemia out-patients who received at least one lipid-lowering drug for at least three months. All the patients were divided into three groups: unlikely HF, possible FH and definite FH according to the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network diagnostic criteria. Age, gender, lipids levels, drug use and complications were compared among the three groups. Factors were compared between Possible FH group and definite FH group in terms of age stratification. Results: A total of 23 973 patients with dyslipidemia were included. The average age was (64.8±9.9) years, 11 757 patients were females (49.0%). The proportion of unlikely FH in the total population was 20 561 (85.7%), possible FH was 3294 (13.7%), and the definite FH was 118(0.5%). Patients in the definite FH group (58.3±8.5 years) was younger than in unlikely HF(65.3±9.8 years) and possible FH(61.8±9.9 years) group. LDL-C ((5.6±1.9) mmol/L) levels were significantly higher in definite FH group than in unlikely HF ((2.5±0.9) mmol/L) and possible FH ((4.3±1.0) mmol/L) group. TC ((7.4±1.8) mmol/L) levels were also significantly higher in definite FH group than in unlikely HF ((4.3±1.0) mmol/L) and possible FH ((6.0±1.0) mmol/L) group. Percent of female sex, sedentary lifestyle and systolic blood pressure value were significantly higher in definite FH group than in other two groups (all P<0.05). Statin use was similar among the 3 groups. Prevalence of ischemic cardiomyopathy (70(59.3%)) was significantly higher in the definite FH group than in unlikely FH group7519 (36.6%) and possible FH group1149 (34.9%). The rate of hypertension (82 (69.5%)) was also significantly higher in the definite FH group than in unlikely FH group (2 063 (62.6%) and in possible FH group (13 928 (67.7%)). The possible FH group had the highest proportion of patients aged 55-64 years (1 146 (34.8%)), and the prevalence of hypertension 358 (76.8%), diabetes 189 (40.6%), ischemic heart disease 186 (39.9%), cerebrovascular disease 149 (32.0%) and heart failure 28 (6.0%) was the highest in patients over 75 years old. The definite FH group had the highest proportion of patients aged 55-64 years (49 (41.52%)), and the prevalence of ischemic heart disease (70 (59.3%)) was the highest in patients aged 45-54 years old group, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of diabetes,hypertension,heart failure,peripheral artery disease and cerebrovascular disease among different age groups. Conclusion: The detection rate of FH in Chinese patients with dyslipidemia is not low, the blood lipid level is poorly controlled, and the risk of cardiovascular disease is high in Chinses FH patients.
Adult ; Aged ; China/epidemiology* ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dyslipidemias/epidemiology* ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II/epidemiology* ; Lipids ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors

Background: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) strategies in COVID-19 patients differ from those in patients suffering from cardiogenic cardiac arrest. During CPR, both healthcare and non-healthcare workers who provide resuscitation are at risk of infection. The Working Group for Expert Consensus on Prevention and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation for Cardiac Arrest in COVID-19 has developed this Chinese Expert Consensus to guide clinical practice of CPR in COVID-19 patients. Main recommendations: 1) A medical team should be assigned to evaluate severe and critical COVID-19 for early monitoring of cardiac-arrest warning signs. 2) Psychological counseling and treatment are highly recommended, since sympathetic and vagal abnormalities induced by psychological stress from the COVID-19 pandemic can induce cardiac arrest. 3) Healthcare workers should wear personal protective equipment (PPE). 4) Mouth-to-mouth ventilation should be avoided on patients suspected of having or diagnosed with COVID-19. 5) Hands-only chest compression and mechanical chest compression are recommended. 6) Tracheal-intubation procedures should be optimized and tracheal-intubation strategies should be implemented early. 7) CPR should be provided for 20-30 min. 8) Various factors should be taken into consideration such as the interests of patients and family members, ethics, transmission risks, and laws and regulations governing infectious disease control. Changes in management: The following changes or modifications to CPR strategy in COVID-19 patients are proposed: 1) Healthcare workers should wear PPE. 2) Hands-only chest compression and mechanical chest compression can be implemented to reduce or avoid the spread of viruses by aerosols. 3) Both the benefits to patients and the risk of infection should be considered. 4) Hhealthcare workers should be fully aware of and trained in CPR strategies and procedures specifically for patients with COVID-19.