Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals are susceptible to be disturbed by 50 Hz power frequency in the process of acquisition and conversion. This paper puts forward the improved Levkov algorithm combined with the antisymmetry of sine wave and the characteristic of not--easily mutation of the sine wave amplitude. The improved and the original algorithms were compared with signal to noise ratio (SNR), root mean square error (RMSE) and coincidence of the signals. Based on the experimental comparison, it was concluded that the improved algorithm had better filte-ring functions, because it not only highly coincided with ECG, but also retained certain details of ECG.
Algorithms ; Electrocardiography ; Humans ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Signal-To-Noise Ratio ; Software

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of regulating expiratory airway pressure of noninvasive ventilation(NIV)to treat overlap syndrome(OS)with respiratory failure by pressure titration in monitor during sleep.Method Individuals who met the following criteria were selected for the study:(1)OS with respiratory failure confiemed by polysomnogram(PSC)and pulmonary function tests;(2)ability to tolerate PSG tests all night;(3)lucid consciousness and spontaneous breathing upon awaken and(4)ability to tolerate NIV.The criteria of exclusion were:(1)frequent expectoration of blood or hemoptysis;(2)spontaneous pneumothorax;(3)severe prosopo-trauma or facial ulcer and(4)large amount of secretion in the airway.From August 2005 to Decentber 2008,27 patients were selected with two patients excluded.The remaining 25 patients treated with noninvasive bi-level positive airway pressure(BiPAP)were randomly assigned to titration group or control group.During sleep,the patients of titration group were put under the optimal expiratory airway pressure[EPAP,(8.8 ± 0.5)cmH2O]which was got from titration by AutoCPAP ventilator and the EPAP decreased immediately to 5 cmH2O when the patients wake up next day.In the patients of control group,the EPAP was maintained at 5 cm H2O round the clock.The degree of apnoea and the hypopnea index(AHI),the results of arterial blood gas analysis(pH,PaO2,PaCO2)in the morning,the lowest pulse oxygen saturation(SPO2LOW)and the arterial blood gas level at 10 am before and after ventilation,duration of taking off ventilator at night,complications of NIV,incidence of air leakage and invasive ventilation after NIV were comparatively analyzed between the two groups.Results Compared with the control group,the titration group showed a notably increase in the value of SPO2LOW[(25.9± 11.3)%vs.(14.9±8.4)%;P＜0.05].The PaO2 level was significantly higher in the titration group(29.4±4.4)mmHg than that in the control group(22.6 ± 2.1)mmHg(P＜0.0001);however,the PaCO2 level in the titration group(16.8 ±7.3)mmHg was not significant different from that in the control group(20.0±6.3)mmHg(P＞0.05).The PaO2 level at 10am in the titration group(28.9 ± 6.7)mmHg was not significant different from that in the control group(31.3 ± 7.7)mmHg(P＞0.05);however,the PaCO2 level in the titration group(23.3 ±5.7)mmHg was higher than that in the control group(18.2 ±5.0)mmHg(P＜0.05).Conclusions Regulating EPAP of NIV to treat overlap syndrome with respiratory failure by pressure titration in monitor during sleep was more effective at improving hypoxemia and carbon dioxide retention than traditional methods without adjusting the EPAP to the optimal level.The optimal didn't increase carbon dioxide retention at night,confirming that the method was safe.

Primary liver cancer (PLC) includes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (CC).In recent years, the incidence of PLC has increased significantly in the world.At present, the therapy for liver cancer tends to diversify, but surgical resection is still the first choice and the most effective treatment for HCC in general.As the biomedical, evidence-based medicine, and medical humanities are proposed, to achieve the best therapeutic effect and minimize the trauma has become the goal of modem surgery.Moreover, this could promote the transformation of surgical model from traditional experiential surgery to precision surgery.Besides, as the critical techniques of treating HCC in preoperative evaluation,operative procedures, perioperative management and the innovation of surgical instruments develop fast, precise liver resection has come into being.And now this concept is getting more and more attention from hepatobiliary surgeons.In this paper, the progress on the application of precise liver resection in the treatment of PLC is reviewed based on the preoperative evaluation and intraoperative procedures.

Objective    To investigate the clinical manifestations of patients with cardiac myxoma and the factors affecting the occurrence of embolic events. Methods     A retrospective study of 38 patients with cardiac myxoma diagnosed and surgically removed from January 2010 to December 2017 was performed. There were 11 males and 27 females at age of 32-75 (50.00±16.12) years. The patients were divided into a non-embolized group and an embolized group. The clinical manifestations of the patients were summarized and the factors leading to embolism were analyzed. Rseults    Of the 26 patients in the non-embolized group, 22 patients (84.62%) had dyspnea, 14 patients (53.85%) had palpitations, 4 patients (15.38%) had angina pectoris, and 1 patient (3.85%) had heart failure. Of the 12 patients in the embolized group, 4 patients (33.33%) had dyspnea, 3 patients (25%) had palpitations, and 1 patient (8.33%) had angina pectoris. The mean diameter of the non-embolized group was 5.71±1.63 cm, and the maximum diameter of the tumor in the embolized group was 4.52±1.88 cm. There was no significant difference between the maximum diameter of the tumor in the embolized group and the maximum diameter of the non-embolized group (P>0.05). Atrial fibrillation occurred in 2 patients in the non-embolized group before operation. Atrial fibrillation occurred in 5 patients in the embolized group. Atrial fibrillation was more likely to occur in the embolized group (P<0.05). Conclusion     Atrial fibrillation in the patients with cardiac myxoma is closely related to embolic events. The size of myxoma is not related to the occurrence of embolic events.

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that propofol enables a reduction in the number of adult rat mesenchymal stem cells, while the cell differentiation is also significantly inhibited. OBJECTIVE: To explore whether liver X receptors (LXRs) can reverse the inhibitory effects of propofol on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS: Fifteen healthy C57/BL6 mice were randomized into three groups, 5 of which served as blank control group (intraperitoneally treated with normal saline), 5 as propofol treatment group (intraperitoneally treated with 60 mg/kg propofol), and 5 as propofol + LXRs agonist treatment group (intraperitoneally injected with 10 μL/g LXRs at the 1st day, and then injected with 60 mg/kg propofol at the 2nd day). The mice in the three groups were killed at 1-3 hours after treatment to isolate and culture bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Cell counting kit-8 and cloneformation assay were used to evaluate the abilities of cell proliferation and self-renewal; induced differentiation experiments in vitro were used to evaluate the differentiation ability of cells into adipocytes, osteoblasts and chondrocytes; real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of differentiation related molecules andNotch signal. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the propofol-treated mice, cell viability and clone forming ability as well as adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of cells decreased significantly compared with the blank control group (P <0.05), while LXR agonists could reverse these effects significantly (P < 0.05). Notch signal expressions showed no difference among three groups prior to induced differentiation. The expression levels differentiation related molecules downregulated significantly after propofol treatment (P < 0.05), but upregulated significantly after treatment with LXR agonists (P < 0.05). Notch signaling inhibitor treatment could significantly inhibit the multi-directional differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the three groups. All these findings indicate that activated LXRs can reverse the inhibitory effects of propofol on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.

Along with the aging process, the spectrum of liver disease changes greatly. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in elderly people lead to low liver function and is also the major cause of extrahepatic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and malignant tumor. This review provides an overview of the morphological structure and function of the liver in aged people, and discusses the characteristics of weakness, malnutrition and limited movement in the elderly, as well as the current status of multiple diseases and multiple drug use. Finally, this article puts forward some appropriate regimens for the diagnosis and treatment of NAFLD in elderly people to provide a reference for clinical practice.
Aged ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Humans ; Liver ; pathology ; Malnutrition ; Neoplasms ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Risk Factors

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of TIEG1 on K562 cell apoptosis and expression of BCL-2/BAX, PTEN. The different concentration(0, 1, 5, 10, 20 ng/ml) of TIEG1 were used to treat K562 cells, the cell growth inhibition rate was detected by using MTT method. After treating K562 cells with 10.00 ng/ml TIEG1, the cell apoptosis was detected with flow cytometry. The RT-PCR was used to detected the expression levels of BCL-2 /BAX and PTEN. The results showed that TIEG1 displays inhibitory effect on proliferation of K562 cells in time-and dose-dependent manner (r = 0.52, P < 0.05) ; after K562 cells were treated for 6, 12, 24 and 48 h, the IC50 of TIEG1 were 48.19, 18.72, 9.5 and 3.85 ng/ml respectively. After treating K562 cells with 10.00 ng/ml TIEG1 for 0, 6, 12, 24, 48 h, the apoptosis rate were (2.13 ± 0.42)%, (7.79 ± 0.71)%, (11.17 ± 1.37)%, (24.66 ± 0.29)% and (48.60 ± 1.38)% respectively, and there was significant difference between groups(P < 0.05). In process of K562 cell apoptosis, the expression level of BCL-2 gradually decreased (r = 0.48, P < 0.05), meanwhile the expression levels of BAX (r = 0.69, P < 0.05) and PTEN (r = 0.57, P < 0.05) gradually increased. It is concluded that TIEG1 can indue apoptosis of K562 cells and inhibit K562 cell proliferation in time-and dose-dependent manner. In apoptosis process of K562 cells induced by TIEG1, the expression changes of BCL-2/BAX and PTEN associate with the K562 cell apoptosis.
Apoptosis ; Cell Proliferation ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism

Animals ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; drug effects ; Liver ; pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Necrosis ; physiopathology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; pharmacology

Objective: To explore the associated factors in the implementation of the "random" sampling inspection of the lighting institutions in kindergartens, outofschool training institutions and primary and secondary schools in 2019 (Supervision Letter [2019] No. 314 of National Health Office) (hereinafter referred to as the "Plan"), and to provide reference for better implementation of the Plan. Methods: A survey of schoolbased myopia prevention and control was conducted in 23 provincial, municipal and countylevel health supervision institutions in China. The main contents of the survey focused on the introduction, implementation and implementation of the program. Results: The implementation of the "plan" was significantly associated with the specific work organized and coordinated by the health administrative department, clear responsibility of various departments, and collaboration with educational institutions[OR(95%CI)=1.57(1.05-2.36), 0.05(0.03-0.10), 0.31(0.19-0.52), 0.03(0.01-0.09), 0.12(0.04-0.37), P<0.05]. It was also associated with independent school health supervision department, one and two fulltime school health supervision staff equipment, onsite quick inspection of health supervision institutions, school selfexamination[OR=1.87(1.33-2.62), 0.62(0.40-0.97), 2.37(1.82-3.09), 1.62(1.09-2.40), P<0.05]. Conclusion The program needs to be implemented through multiple departments and is associated with multiple factors. It is of great importance to strengthen multisector collaboration and clarify the responsibility of various departments for the health supervision of schoolbased myopia prevention and control.

As more and more people are becoming aged in China and many of them tend to suffer from chronic cardiac problems, the long-term dynamic cardiac monitoring for freely moving patients becomes essential. A new design for continuous ECG recording on the freely moving patients at home and/or at work is proposed here. It is miniature in size, using digital technologies of the low gain amplifier, the high resolution analog to digital converter and the real-time digital filter that features > 100dB input signal dynamic range (ISDR), > 100dB common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR), and < 5microV (RMS) internal noise. The device works continuously more than 24 hours with a pair of AAA batteries, and is capable of storing the recorded data into a storage card. The preliminary tests showed that the P-QRS-T waveforms were captured and displayed smoothly in resting, walking, and activities, making the device useful in monitoring and analyzing for the patients on the move.
Electrocardiography, Ambulatory ; instrumentation ; methods ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Software